The post Paint Technology Hand Book with Formulations (Acrylic Emulsion, Powder Coating, Levelling Agents, PU Ink Binders, Dispersing Agents, Formaldehyde, Polyester Resin, Acrylic Binders and PU Coatings) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

The post Complete Hand Book on Paints, Varnish, Resins, Copolymers and Coatings with Manufacturing Process, Formulations and Technology appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

PAINT ADDITIVES

Skills of addition
Matrix dilution
Wetting and Dispersing Agents
Wetting and Dispersion
Wetting
Dispersion
Anlonic Surfactants
Cationic Surfactants
Non Ionic Surfactants
Ampholeric Surfactants
Method of addition
Side effects
Caution

Additives for viscosity control
Side effects
Scratch, mar, slip and abrasion resistance
Natural Waxes
Synthetic waxes Petroleum wax
Microcrystalline wax
Polyethylene and polypropylene waxes
PTFE
Addition method
Side effects
Thixotropic and Antiselling Agents
Setting
Organioclays
How to use
Side effects
Organic thixotropic agents
Method of addition
Thxotropic agents for water borne coatings
Dissolution
Associative thickeners
Side effects
Anti sinning agents
Side Effects
Anti Foaming Agents and Defoamers
Defoamers
Application Method
Side effects
Coupling Compounds (Adhesion Promoters)
Mode of Use
Suppliers
Desiccants
Mode of use
Side effects
Manufacturers
Wet Edge Additives
The wet edge problem
Soltions
Manufacturers
Side effects
Driers
Over basic driers
Addition norms
Side effects
Side effects
Activators
Biocides
Testing and Selection of a biocide
UV, Light and heat Stabilizers
Oxidation catalyzed by UV
Anti Oxidants
Hindered Amines light stabilizers (HALS)
Side effects
Aromatic Amines
Organic Sulfur Compounds
Phosphorous Compounds

SOLVENTS
Purpose of solvent in a paint
True Solvent
Latent solvent or secondary
Solvent or co solvent
Non solvent/Diluent
Testing of Solvents
Physical tests
Chemical tests
Bottling point or distillation range
Types of solvents
Hydrocarbon solvents
Benzene, Toluene, Xylene (BTX)
Halogenated hydrocarbons
Oxygeneted hydrocarbon

PIGMENTS

Physical Properties
Solubility
water solubles
Should be either white or coloured
Particle size
Refractive index
Density
Colour, shade and strength
Porosity
Melting point and thermal stability
Chemical Properties
Purity
Resistance to acids, alkalies and chemicals
Resistance to degradation due to oxidation
Pigments should have no ion exchange properties
Commercial aspects
Toxicity and environmental issues
Characterization and physical relationships
Particle size and surface area
Application problems
Important Members
Organic Pigments
Iso Indolinone Pigments
Metal complex pigments
Copper phthalocyanine
Phthalocyanine Green
Quinacridone
Pigment violet 23

HOW TO FORMULATE A PAINT

Optimization of Surfactants by Dinlel How point method
Formulating guidelines
Steel
Primers for Steel
General Principles of Formulation
Additives for enhancement of performance
Organic Corrosion inhibitors
Effects of water on solvent based paint properties
Zinc rich primers (Sacrificial corrosion Inhibitors)

INHIBITIVE PRIMERS FOR METAL

Fundamental considerations
Oxidizing Inhibitors
Non-Oxidizing inhibitors
Pigment solubility
Design strategies
Prime pigment component
Inhibitive pigments
Extender package
Pigmentary thixotropes
Design considerations
Optimizing PVC/CPVC
PAINTS FOR SHIPS

External
Internal
Selection of Underwater coating system
Ainticorrosive compositions
Antifouling Compositions
Soluble and Insoluble matrix type
Typical formulation
Tie coat/sealer coat
Boottoppings

DRYING AND CURING ADDITIVES

Introduction
Physically drying systems
Chemical drying/curing systems
Driers for air-drying systems
Driers for water borne systems
Catalysts for chemical curing systems
Photo initiators
Inititors

LIGHT STABILIZERS

Introduction
Degradation mechanism
Light stabilizers
Ultraviolet absorbers
Excited state quenchers
Hindered amine light stabilizers
FOAM CONTROL ADDITIVES

Introduction
Foam formation
Composition of foam
control additives
ADDITIVES FOR POWDER COATINGS

Introduction
Curing agents
Catalysts
UV curable powders

CALCIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE AND MAGNESIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE

Introduction
Hiding by spacing of Tio2 pigment particles
Present work
Experimental
Materials
Structural and morphological study morphological study
Methods for preparing different paint compositions
Characterisation of different properties of paints
Result & discussion
% Non volatile matter
Viscosity
Finish & grinding
Mechanical properties
Opacity
Whiteness index
Gloss
Tinting strength
PAINT STAINERS

Introduction
Characteristics of ideal stainers
Experimental
The reactor
Preparation of emulsion
Preparation of stainers
Results and discussion
Conclusion

PAINTING OF AIRCRAFT

Introduction
Requirement of aircraft coatings
Types of aircraft coatings
Synthetic coatings
Nitrocellulose coatings
Acrylic coatings
Epoxy coatings
Polyurethane coatings
Paint application
Surface preparation
Aluminium and its alloys
Steel and magnesium alloys
Compositions
Application method/detects
Adhesion
Lifting
Orange peel
Dry spray
Sagging/running
Blushing

ANIONIC BITUMEN EMULSIONS

Introduction
Basic bitumen chemistry
Bitumen as a coating material
The need to develop Cold Technology
The Science of bitumen emulsions A brief review
Anionic bitumen emulsions
Anionic surfactants: soaps
Polymer modification of bitumen emulsions
Rubber modified bitumen emulsion coatings

RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS IN WATERBORNE PAINTS

Introduction
Rheology modifiers for waterbased paints
Experimental
Materials and Methods
Preparation of distemper plastic emulsion paint (interior) and exterior house paint.
Characterization of distemper, plastic emulsion paint and exterior house paint
Results and discussion Conclusion

HIGH PERFORMANCE COATINGS

Introduction
High performance coatings
Acrylic textured coatings
Thermal insulating paint
Anti carbonation coatings
High build acrylic coatings for bridges
Epoxy polyurethane floor coatings antiskids/screeds
Silicone siloxane penetrating primers
Water repellent coatings
Heavy duty glass flakes coatings
Fire retardant and infumescent coatings
Some of the projects with high performance coatings
Applications of high performance coatings

BIO-DIESEL OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE COATING INDUSTRY

Glycerine
Epichloro hydrin, glycedol and polyglycerol
Carbon source for fermentation product
Food additives
Carbon credits

ROAD MARKING PAINTS

Introduction
Composition of HMTP road marking paint
Properties
Binder for HMTP road marking paint
Aim of present investigation
Experimental
Preparation of rosin modified lac
Preparation of HMTP of marking paint
Application and evaluation
Testing Methods
Results and discussions

EMULSIONS

Introduction
Experimentation
Emulsion processing
Paint processing
Results and discussion
Glass transition temperature for desired coating
Speciality monomer incorporation
Iso bornyl methacrylate
Iso bornyl methacrylate
Iso decyl acrylate
Veova-11
Ethyl methacrylate
Effect of the crosslinkers
Hexane Dial diacrylate (HDODA)
Glycidyl Metha Acrylate (GMA)
Aceto Acetoxyethyl Methacrylate (AAEMA)
Effect of the photo initiator
2.2 dimethoxy 2phenylacetophenone (DMPA)
Benzophenone deriva’ve (BPD)
Effect of polymerizable surfactant
Conclusion

SILICA GELS

Introduction
Mechanism of matting
The “ideal” base material
Silica gel technology features and benefits
Porosity they key to high efficiency
Particle size control optimum gloss reduction and surface smoothness
Surface modification stability and compatibility
Advances in silica gel metting agents

EMULSION PAINTS

Protective Colloid
pH
Emulsion Formation
Emulsion Polymerization
Ingredients
Post emulsification
Stability of Emulsions
Phase Volume

PAINT AND VARNISH REMOVERS

Paint Removal
Formulation
Solvent Paint and Varnish Removers
Chemical Removers
Nonchlorinated Solvent Paint Removers
Mechanism of Paint Removal
Method of paint Removal

SPRAY PAINTING

Conventional Air Spray
Airless Spray
Hot Spray
Dual Component
Electrostatic Spray
Spraying Today’s Paints
Automation and Spraying
The Professional Spraymain

PAINT BASES

Bronzing Solution for Paints
Fireproof Paints
Paints for gold and Gilding
Gold Enamel Paints
Graining with Paint
Luminous Paint
Paints for Metal Surfaces
Rust Paints
Paints for roofs and roof Papers
Rubber base (Latex) Paints
Paints, Stains etc. for Ships
Paints for Walls of Cement, Plaster Hard Finish etc.
Paints waterproof and weatherproof
Paint for wood
Durable House Paint
Misellaneous Recipes, Paints etc.
Tire Presserving Paint

PAINT, VANRISH AND ENAMEL REMOVERS

To remove Old Oil, Paint or Varnish Coats

PAINT MIXING AND GRINDING

Paint Mixing and Grinding
House Paints
Red Barn Paints
Rust and Weather Proof Paints
Roofing and Paints
Touch up Black
Top Dressings
Varnish Type Dressing
Lacquer Type Dressing
Water Stains

PIGMENTS FORMULAE

Grounds for Graining Colours
Positive Colours
Gray Tints
Colour Testing
Pile Ointments
Plant Parasites
Plants

Engineers India Research Institute (EIRI) is a renowned name in the industrial world for offering technical and financial consultancy services.

EIRI services are:

Detailed Feasibility Reports
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Our most up-to-date and Technologically Advanced Industrial Project Reports, categorized with respect to Financial Outlays and Sector – wise Classification are immensely useful for :

Existing Small or Medium Scale Industrialists facing competition from large houses
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The post Paint, Pigment, Solvent, Coating, Emulsion, Paint Additives And Formulations appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

• Introduction
• Raw Material used
• Nitrocellulose
• Resins
• Plasticizers
• Solvents
• diluents
• Manufacturing Process
• Black Lacquer Enamels
• Black Paste Formula
• Finish black lacquer enamel Formula
• Lacquer Sanding Sealer (low viscosity type)
• Sinc stearate paste (30% solids)
• Lacquer Sanding sealer (high viscosity type)
• Gloss Wood Lacquer (low viscosity type)
• Gloss Wood Lacquer (high viscosity type)
• Metal Lacquers
• Clear Brass Lacquer
• Silver Lacquer
• Airpiane Dopes

• Introduction
• Manufacturing Process
• Process
• Formulation (Clear Brass Lacquer)
• Process
• Celluloid Lacquers
• Lacquer for Copper
• Gold Lacquer’s (For metalsware)
• Process Flow Sheet
• Plant economics of clear transparent lacquer for coating on metal products to make it weather resistant
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Mateials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Introduction
• Electrophoresis
• Principle of electrophoresis
• Electrophoretic processes
• Formulation of Lacquers
• Formulations of Metal Lacquer (Ferrous & Non Ferrous)
• Process
• Plant economics of lacquer (electrophoretic) for gold jewellery)
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital /Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Uses and applications
• Formulations
• Lacquer Electrophoretic for Jewllery Acrylic Based
• Manufacturing Process
• Lacquer Electrophoretic for Jewllery Acrylic Based
• Process Flow Sheet
• Lacquer electrophoretic for jewllery acrylic based
• Plant economics of lacquer (electrophoretic) for jewllery acrylic based
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital /Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Leather Finishing
• Aniline Finishing
• Formulations of lacquer emulsion (high shine and medium shine) for leather finishing
• First Finish
• Second Finish (Medium Shine)
• Top Finish (High Shine)

• Introduction
• Formulation of Leather
• Finishing Lacquer (N.C. Lacquer) for Leather
• Process of Manufacture
• Plant Economics of leather
• Finishing lacquer (Nitrocellulose Lacquer for Leather)
• Process Flow Diagram
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital /Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Process
• Formulation (Clear brass lacquer)
• Process
• Celluloid Lacquers
• Lacquer for Copper
• Gold Lacquer’s
• Plant economics of clear tranparent lacquer for coating on brass bangles to make it weather resistant
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital /Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Introduction
• Uses and Application
• Manufacturing process
• Hot Spray lacquer, burnishing type (low approc 31%
• Cold spray high solids pullover type lacquer 9approx 36 percent solids)
• Plant Economics of Nitro Cellulose (Lacquer)
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital /Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Introduction
• Electrophoresis
• Electrophoretic Processes
• Advantages of Priming Steelwork by Electrophoresis/Electrodeposition
• Uses and Applications
• Electrophoretic polyurethane coating (liquid) lacquer manufacturing
• Preparation of water soluble polyurethane resin component
• Formulation 1 Mol Ratio Quantity in kgs.
• Manufacturing Process
• Addition of additives
• Process flow sheet for electrophoretic polyurethane coating lacquer
• Plant Economics of polyurethane (PU) lacquer
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital /Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Introduction
• Electrophoresis
• Electrophoretic Processes
• Electrophoretic polyurethane coating (liquid) lacquer manufactring
• Preparation of water soluble polyurethane resin component
• Manufacturing process
• Plant economics of electrophoric lacquer polyurethane (pu)
• lacquer (water based in liquid form for electrophoretic coating application on metal plates
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital /Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Metal lacquers
• Clear Brass Lacquer
• Silver Lacquer
• Process
• Shellac lacquers for metalwares
• Plant economics of vacuum metallizine lacouers
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital /Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

The post Manufacture Of Nitrocellulose Lacquers, Pu Lacquer, Vacuum Metallizing Lacquers And Other Lacquers With Formulations And Project Profiles appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Thinner

• Volatile Lubricants
• Measures of Solvency
• Anilline Point
• Kauri-Bulanol Value
• Liquid Chromatography
• Composition
• Viscocity Reduction
• Tests for Purity
• Volatility

Inorganic Pigments

• The Function of Pigments
• Properties of Pigments
• Optical Data
• Particle Shape
• Dispersibility
• The Classification of Pigment
• Properties of Inorganic Pigments
• Iron Oxides
• Natural Iron Oxides
• Synthetic Iron Oxides
• Chromates
• Zinc Chromates
• Lead Chromate
• Chrome Greens
• Prussian Blue
• Ultramarine Blue
• Chrome Oxide Pigments
• Cadmium Pigments
• ed lead
• White Lead
• Zinc Oxide
• Zinc Sulfide Lithopone
• Zinc Phosphate
• Calcium Plumbate
• Carbon blacks
• Mixed Phase Pigments
• Bronze Powders
• Stainless Steel Flake

Titanium Dioxide Pigments

• The sulphate process
• The Chloride Process
• Application of Titanium Pigments
• Surface Coating Industry
• Dispersion of Tatanium Pigments
• Opacity
• Tinting Strength
• Durability
• Gloss Development
• Storage Stability
• Other Industry
• Plastic Industry
• Rubber Industry
• Paper Industry
• Ceramic Industry
• Other Applications

Organic Pigments

• Classification of Organic
• Pigments
• Colour and Chemical Constitution
• Manufacture of Azo Pigments
• Azo Condensation Pigments
• Pigments Conditioning
• Testing
• Pigment Crystals and Particle Size
• Dyestuffs
• Colour Index Classification
• Production of Organic Pigment
• Cost Comparisons
• Application of Organic Pigments
• Industrial Finishes
• Coil Coatings
• Automotive Finishes
• Decorative Paints
• Printing Inks
• Artists Colour
• Commercial Pigments
• Arylamide Yellows (Hans Yellows)Shades: Bright greenish yellow to reddish yellow
• Diarylide Yellows (Benzidine Yellows)
• Shades: Strong greenish yellow to reddish yellow
• Copper Azo yellow
• Pyrazolone Orange and Red Pigments
• Dinitronitine Red (Orange)
• Naphthol Reds (BON Arylamide Reds)
• Shade:Yellowish red to bordeaux
• Lithol Reds
• Shade:ranges from yellowish red (Na) to bluish red (Ca)
• Lake Red (PR 53)
• Red 2B Toner
• Shade: yellowish red (Ba) to bluish red (Ca)
• Claret Toner
• Red B Toners
• Dianisidine Blue
• Alizaline Lake
• Ouinacridone Pigments
• Perylene Reds
• Thioindigo Red
• Indanthrone Blues

Extender Pigments

• Particle Size and Shape
• Particle Size Distribution
• Specification
• Particle Size Distribution
• Colour
• Sleve Residue
• Water-Soluble content and pH
• Water Soluble  content and pH
• Volatile Matter
• Oil Absorption
• Dispersion
• Safety Procautions
• Tyes of Extender Pigments
• Calcite (Whiting)
• Calcium Carbonate (Synthetic)
• Talc
• Barytes
• China Clay (Kaolin)
• Silica
• Crystalline Silica
• Amorphous Silica (Tripoli)
• Synthetic Silica
• Mica
• Asbestos
• Wollastonite

Putty, Glazing, Compounds Caulking, Compounds, and Salants

• Definition
• Formulation of Putties
• Oil Based Putty Metal Sash Grade (Linseed Oil)
• Oil Based Putty Plumbers Grade (Oil)
• Formulation of Glazing  Compounds
• Oil Based Glazing Compound Green House Grade
• Water Based Glazing Compound High Quality Exterior Grade Acrylic
• Oil Based Caulking Compounds
• Water Based Caulking Compound White Gun Grade (Acrylic)
• Physical Contents
• Key Properties
• Hot Melt Sealant
• Physical Constants
• Key Properties
• Working Properties
• subjective Test for Knife Compounds
• Cone Penetrometer for Consistency
• Mobilometer for Consistancy
• Sandwich Squeeze for Consistancy
• Brookfield Viscometer for Consistency
• Extrudability with Caulking Gun
• Extrusion Rheometer
• Shearing Adhesiveness
• Rheological Properties
• Levelling Test
• Sag (slump) test
• Sag Test for vertical Joints
• ASTM Slump Test
• Slump Test for Horzontal Joints
• Tack Free Time
• Shrinkage
• Apparatus
• Procedure
• Bend Test
• Low Temperature Flexibility
• Adhesion
• Bond Strength by Direct Pull
• ASTM Method for Bond Strength
• Gravity Test for Adhesion
• Hardness
• Durometer Hardness under Standard Conditions
• Durometer Hardness After Heat Aging
• Penetrometer for Hardness
• Penetrometer for Degress of Set
• Compression Set
• Aging Tests on Cauiks  and Sealants
• Heat Aging Test
• Appearance
• Oil Migration
• Loss of Weight, Cracks Chalks
• Articial Weathering Tests
• Shrinkage
• Apparatus
• Procedure
• Cohesiveness
• Tensile Adhesiveness (Cohesion)

Paint Driers

• Types of Driers and Manufacturing Methods
• Direct Fusion Process
• Precipitation Process
• Direct Metal Reaction (DMR) Process
• The Organic Radical of Metailo Organic Driers
• Napthenates
• Octoates
• Performence of Synthetic Based Driers Versus Napthenates
• Driers Recommendations
• Mixed Driers Systems Are Normal for Air Dry Finishes
• Temperature Has Considerable Effect on Drier Metal Activity
• The Sequence of Drier Additon should be considered
• Primary Driers
• Cobalt
• Manganese
• Lead
• Calcium
• Zinc
• Zirconium
• Iron
• Rare Earth and Cerium
• Aluminium
• Vandium
• Stability on Drying  Performance on Storage
• Drier Related Paint Film Defects
• Durability and Colour Retention
• Hazing and  Blooming
• Drier for Use in Water Based Systems
• The Future Drier Additves

Paint Additives

• Additives in Solvent Thinned Paints
• Wetting and Dispersing Agents
• Anti Settling, Anti Sag and Bodying Agents
• Aluminium Soaps
• Hydrogenated Castor Oil (Triglyceride of 12- Hydroxyl Stearic Acid)
• Heat Stable Polyol Esters
• Modified Clays
• Anti Skinning Agents
• Phenols
• Oximes
• Anti flood and Antifloat Additives
• Method of Cure
• Recognizing Flooding and Floating
• Midew inhibitors:Fungicides
• Identification of Midew
• Mildew Control
• Latex Paint Additives
• Surface Active Agents
• Dispersing Agents (Anionic Surfactants)
• Stabilizing Surfactants (Non-Ionic)
• Anti Foam Agents
• Latex Thickening Agents
• Preservatives
• Coalescing Aids
• Wet edge Extenders
• Freeze thaw Stabilizers
• Other Considerations
• Secondary Effects

Architectural Paints

• Exterior Paints for Wood
• Characteristics of Wood Sliding
• Bindrs for Exterior House Paints
• Pigments for Exterior House Paints
• Pigments for Coloured Paints
• Microorganics in Paints and Coatings
• Tetrachlorophenol
• Formulating Exterior Paints for Wood
• Interior Paints for Plaster and Wall Board
• Calceolate Flats
• Alkyd Flats
• Ease of Application
• Water vs. Mineral Spirits
• Odor of Paint and Coating
• Hinding Power
• Apperance of Coating
• Scrub and Chemical Resistance
• Durability and Recoatability
• Galled Flats
• Copolymer Flats
• Resin Emulsion Flats
• Paint Properties
• Physical Constants
• Copolymer Emulsion Interior Paints
• Alkyd Emulsion Paints
• Cooking Procedure
• Exterior Emulsion Paints for Masonry
• Interior and Exterior Enamels
• Enamels for Wood and Concrete Floors
• Procedure for Paint

Industrial Finishes

• Introduction
• Automotive Finishes
• Automotive Lacquer Finishes
• Metalized Finishes
• Water Soluble Vehicles
• Metal Decorating Finishes
• Novelty Finishes
• Wrinkle Finishes
• Mixing Procedure
• Hammer Finishes
• Aluminium Dispersion
• Hammer Finish
• Multicolor Finishes
• Baking Crystal Finish
• Cooking Procedure
• Crystal Lacquer Finish
• Crackle Lacquer Finish
• Flock Finishes
• Miscellaneous Novelty Finishes
• Paper Coatings
• Water Soluble Organic Coating
• Waxes for Coatings
• Cellulosic Polymers in Paper Coatings
• Lacquer Emulsions
• Ethyl Cellulose
• Cellulose Acetate
• Vinyl Resins in Paper and Textile Coatings
• Calender Coating and Sheeting
• Organosols and Plastisois and Paper and Textiles
• Organosols and Plastisols for Metal
• Polyvinyl Chloride Latexes
• Polyvinylidene Chloride Copolymers in Paper Coalings
• Polyamide Expoxy Coatings for Paper
• Alkyd Amino Resin Coatings for Paper
• Advantage of Hall Second butyrate
• Precautions in the use of Half Second Butyrate
• Application of Half Second Butyrate
• Formulating Technique with Half Second Butyrate
• Clear Lacquer for Aluminium
• Resin Combination with half Second Butyrate
• Lacquer for Plastics

EIRI a pioneer industrial consultant working over 32 years in preparation of Project Reports, Market Survey cum Detailed Techno Economic Feasibility Reports, Market Survey Reports and Practical Project Execution Know How Reports . Apart from these, EIRI is also known for Industrial Process Technology Books and Trade Directories with Liasioning Services.

Recipient of Udyog Rattan Award: EIRI has been awarded with the Udyog Rattan Award in 1996 for the excellence job served to the nation.

The post manufacturing technology & formulations hand book on thinners, putty, wall & industrial finishes and synthetic resins appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

POWDER COATING

• Processing of Powders
• Compounding
• Grinding
• Coating processes
• Metals
• Textiles
• Miscellaneous Coating Techniques
• Principal Polymers for Powder Technology
• Uses for Powder Coated Articles
• Manufacturing Methods of Powder Coasting
• Dry Blend
• Melt Mix
• Solution
• Application Methods
• Fluidised Bed
• Electrostatic Spraying
• Friction Static Spraying
• Electrostatic Fluidised Bed
• Types of Powder Coatings
• Thermoplastic Types
• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
• Polyethylene
• Polypropylene
• Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)
• Nylon
• Thermoplastic polyester
• Thermosetting Types
• Epoxy
• Epoxy polyester hybrids
• Polyester/Polyurethane
• Glycidyl polyester
• Acrylics
• Application Line
• Economics

RESEARCH OVERVIEW OF UV-CURABLE POWDER COATINGS

• Monitoring The Photocuring Process
• Prospects for Acrylic powder coatings
• Block Thermoplastic powder coatings

UV CURABLE POWDER COATINGS

• Introduction
• Curing of Powder coatings by using  UV Light
• Radiation Curing
• Basic Difference Between Thermosetting and UV Curable Powder coatings
• Conventional Thermosetting powder coatings
• UV Curable powder coatings
• Ingredients of UV Curable Powder ATINGS
• Binder system
• Photoinitiators
• Pigments
• Light stabilisers
• UV absorbers (e.g. solid hydroxy phenyl-s triazine)
• HALS (Hindered amine light stabilisers)
• Combination of UV absorbers
• Processing and Application of UV Curable powder Coatings
• Processing
• Application
• UV Sources
• Standard mercury vapour lamps
• Lamps doped with gallium iodide
• Lamps dropped with iron iodide
• UV curing superior quarts laboratory system
• Conveyor belt
• Conveyor belt speed
• UV curing system for R & D unit
• UV powder printer surfacer
• Iportant properties
• Advantages of UV curable powder coatings over  conventional liquid UV curable coatings
• Advantages of UV curable powder coatings
• Limitations of UV curable powder coatings
• Market Scenario
• Appeal to the users

POLYESTER POWDER COATINGS

• Introduction
• Using bi-functional hardener
• Co-extrusion of resins
• Polyester Dead Matt
• Using reactive matting agent

DEVELOPMENTS IN RESINS FOR POWDER COATINGS

• Pipes and rebars
• Melting and curing time scale
• Role of particle shape and size
• Film thickness

CALCIUM CARBONATE EXTENDERS FOR POWDER COATING SYSTEMS

• Outline of the study
• Experimental
• Preparation and application
• Test procedures
• Results
• Optical properties
• Mechanical properties

THERMALFY CURABLE POWDER COATINGS

• Introduction
• Experimental
• Materials
• Methods
• Result and discussion
• Conclusion
• Paramagnetic Coatings
• Introduction
• What is paramagnetism?
• Relation to electron spins
• d and f electrons
• Curie’s law
• Examples of paramagnets
• Systems with minimal interactions
• Molecular materials with a (isolated) paramagnetic center
• Dilute systems
• Superparamagnetics
• Methods of production f iron-containing crystals(iron oxides) having  superparamagnetic properties
• Wet chemical synthesis can be subcategorized into
• Methods of application of paramagnetic coatings
• Spray method
• Fluidized Bed Chemical Vapur Coatings
• Applications
• Biomedical Engineering Device coatings
• In EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) Spectroscopy
• Use in pain relief compositions
• Automotive Oem Coatings
• Introduction
• Resistance to High humidity
• Resistance to continuous salt spray
• Corrosion Evaluation Using Electrochemical Techniques
• Natural Weathering by Sunlight
• QUV Resistance
• Corrosion Weathering Resistance
• Weatherometer
• Improvements required
• Intensity and Distribution of Light
• Water
• pH

WHERE ARE POWDER COATINGS USED?

• Powder Coatings – Multipurpose
• Their areas of application keep expanding

PAINT AND POWDER APPLICATION

• Improving transfer efficiency
• Reducing solvent losses
• Dipping
• Electrode Position/Autode Position Dipping
• Flow coating
• Barrelling
• Spraying Systems
• Higher Efficiency Spray Guns
• Conventional spray guns
• HVLP spray guns
• Air turbine systems
• Airless spray guns
• Air assisted airless spray guns
• Centrifugal spray guns
• Automatic centrifugal spray guns
• Disc spray guns
• Enhancement techniques
• Electrostatic systems
• Hot spraying
• Powder coating
• Corona electrostatic charging
• Tribo charging
• Combination charging
• Powder belt spray guns
• Fluidised  bed coating process
• Powder recovery and recycle system
• Good spray gun techniques
• Setting up
• Operation
• Minimising overspray

GUIDELINE FOR POWDER COATING

• Why Powder Coatings?
• Introduction
• Applications
• Home apliances
• Automotive Components
• Furniture
• Architectural
• Electrical and Electronic Industry
• Metal Pre-treatment
• Solvent Cleaning
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Vapour De-greasing
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Emulsion Cleaning
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Alkali Cleaning
• De-Rusting Process
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Chromatising
• Trouble Shooting Guide for Powder Coating
• Introduction

POWDER COATING PROCESS

• Overview of Powder Coating
• Drying and Curing

PLANT ECONOMICS OF POWDER COATING

• Land & Building
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF POWDER  PAINT FOR POWDER COATING

• Land & Building
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

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Resins (Water Borne) for Coatings

Epoxy Resins
Acrylic Resins
Alkyd Resins
Polyester Resins
Polyurethane Resins
Anionic
Cat ionic
Non-Ionic
Acetone process (Solution process)
Pre-polymer mixing process
Hot melt process (Solvent free method)
Ketamine or Ketazine
Self dispersing of solids
Blocked isocyanates
crosslinking with melamine formaldehyde resins
Zirconium compounds

High Solids Green Coatings (Air Drying)

Introduction
Experimental
Materials
Synthesis of Resins
Preparation of dry films
Characterization methods
Results & Discussion
Physical Properties
Rheological Characteristics
Molecular Weight Characteristics
VOC characteristics
Drying properties
FT- IR Study
Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) study
Thermal properties
Mechanical properties
Optical properties
Atomic Force Microscopic (AFM) imaging
Chemical resistance and Durability
Conclusions

Technology of Primer Compositions (Alkyd Resins)

Introduction
Experimental
Synthesis of alkyd resin
Synthesis of alkyd emulsion
Stability of emulsion10
Synthesis of wood primers and cement primers
Results and discussions

Acrylic Polyols Technology

Introduction
Basic chemistry
Synthesis of acrylic polyols
Properties of acrylic polyols
Applications of acrylic polyols
Synthesis of acrylic-polyurethane hybrid coatings
Modified acrylic polyols
Dual UV/thermal cure systems
Bio-acrylic polyols
OEM coatings based on Acrylic Polyols
Wood coatings
Industrial Coatings
Two component polyurethane coatings
Automotive refinishing coating
Biodegradable Surface Coatings

Introduction
Biodegradable coatings
Necessity of biodegradation
Life cycle of biodegradable coating
Classification of biodegradable coatings
Natural biodegradable coatings
Synthetic biodegradable coatings
Synthesis of biodegradable coatings Oils
Lallemantia Iberica
Eurphorbia Legascae (Vernonia oil)
Lesquerella oil
Oiticica oil
Sucrose and insulin
Lignin
Cellulose
Starch
Isocyanates
Additives
Plasticizer
Rheology modifier
Biosurfactants
Polyhydroxyalkalonoates
Polyesteramides
Interpenetrating polymers from oils
Polysaccharide resins
Natural resins
Application of biodegradable coatings
Future of biodegradable coatings

Binders for Premium Paints

Introduction
Why low odor?
Experimental
Testing of premium interior brands in India
Formulating low VOC low odor paint
Results and Discussions: Odor and VOC
Paint Properties
Scrub Resistance
Stain Resistance
Burnish resistance
MTO Resistance
Conclusion

Cyclized Rubber in Surface Coatings

Structure
Properties
Typical properties
Physical data
Technical benefits of cyclized rubber
Solvents and compatibility
Compatibility
Compatibility with drying oils
Compatibility with resins
Compatibility with plasticizers
Specific gravity
Solubility and solvent mixtures
Chemical resistance
Water resistance
Corrosion resistance
Adhesion
Flexibility and impact resistance
Paint application
Application Areas

Coatings for Medical Application

Introduction
Medical coating characteristics
Medical coating classification
Application Methods
Polymers for medical application
Polyglycolide (PGA)
Polylactide (PLA)
Poly (E-caprolactone)
Poly(dioxanone) (a polyetherester)
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
Poly(glyconate)
Parylene
Degradation
Factors That Accelerate Polymer Degradation
Specialised medical coatings
Drug-Eluting Stents
Application of stent coating
DES Basics
Tablet Coatings
Pigments
Polishing
Conclusion

Dacro Coating

Dacro Structure
Dacro Process
Dacro Advantage
Dacro Analysis
Dacro Scope
Dacro Coating in India

Epoxy Resin

Introduction
Structure
Epoxy resin coating
Hybridisation
The method of curing
Modification of resin
Mixture of resins
Blending
Alloying
Inter Penetrating Networks
Sol-Gel method
Emulsion polymerization & Dispersion polymerization
Curing of hybrid epoxy polymers
Characterization of hybrid resins
Hybrid polymers of epoxy resin used in coating application
Epoxy esters
Epoxy acrylics
Epoxy silicones
Epoxy urethanes
Conclusion and future directions

Extraction, Modification and Applications of CNSL/Cardanol Based Epoxy Resin

Introduction
Extraction of CNSL
Studies on the cardanol based novolac resins
Studies on the epoxidized novolac resins derived from CNSL or cardanol
Studies on the modification of CNSL or cardanol
Applications of CNSI7 Cardanol derived products

Elastomeric poly urea coatings

Introduction
Chemistry
Raw materials
Application of polyurea coatings
Typical properties of polyurea coatings
Application areas of olyurea coatings
Advantages of polyurea systems
Disadvantages of polyurea systems

Formulation of 2K Waterborne Concrete Floor Coatings

Introduction
Experimental
Materials and Formulations
Preparation of Drawdowns & Concrete Panels
Performance Testing
Gloss Measurement
Adhesion testing
Chemical resistance testing
Hot Tire resistance testing
Results & Discussions
Comparing liquid epoxy resins Epoxy X with Epoxy W
Pot-life evaluation based on gloss and adhesion
Chemical and solvent resistance testing
Hot Tire resistance

Green Coating

Need for green
What is green?
Rules and regulations
VOC Definition in the US, EU & UK
United States Definition
European Union definition
UK Coating Classification
Regulationsforlead in India
Regulations for lead in Europe
Regulationsfor lead in Australia
Regulationsforlead in US
Pollution from paints
Solvents
Pigments
Additives
Environmental impacts and risks
Research and developments in order to get greener coatings
Low voc emulsion polymer coating
Low volatile ethylene glycol derivatives
Fluorosurfactant
Green solvent
Emerging technologies
Advantages of VIC
Ecofriendly waste disposal technique
It’s not easy being green

Herbal Coating

Introductions
Turmeric in Herbal Paints
Chemistry of turmeric
Oleic acid
Experimental
Materials and Methods
Method of Extraction
Evaluation of Turmeric resin extract
Analysis of oleic Acid modified Turmeric Resin
Results and discussion
Analysis of Raw Material
Extraction of resin from turmeric
Analysis of turmeric Resin
Evaluation of the Film properties of Turmeric Resin
Modification of the termeric Resin with Oleic acid
Physical Properties
Film Properties
Composition
From the results

High Temperature Coatings Technology

Introduction
Experimental
Composition of titanium oleate
Preparation of titanium oleate
Evaluation of titanium oleate
Composition and evaluation of aluminium paint
Heat resistance of aluminium paint
Determination of weight loss at different temperatures
Results and discussion

Infrared Spectroscopy : Its Relevance in the Field of Surface Coating

Introduction
Sampling
Amount
Preparation
Analysis time
Epoxy
Alkyd

Marine Paints & Coatings

Introduction
Key Performance requirements
Experimental
Material used
Evaluation of film characteristic
Testing method and evaluation
Pot life
Drying time
Cross Hatch Adhesion Testing
Gloss Value
Erichsen Cupping Test
Research significance
Experimental investigation
Result Analysis and Discussion

Magnetic Paint

Introduction
Preparation of Magnetic paint
Ingredients to be used for formulation
Application Technology
Primer Layer
Back Coat Layer
Coating composition having magnetic properties
Areas of application
Application tips and suggested uses
Painting on textured walls
Mounting posters magnetically
Wall Decorations
Magnetic words and poetry

Nanotechnoloogy

Introduction to Nanotechnology
What is nanotechnology?
Nanoscience Vs Nanotechnology
Dimensional classification of nanoscale
Nanoscale in One Dimension
Nanoscale in Two Dimensions
Carbon Nanotubes
Inorganic Nanotubes
Nanowires
Biopolymers
Nanoscale in Three Dimensions
Nanoparticles
Fullerenes (carbon 60)
Dendrimers
Quantum Dots
Technology
Synthesis and Assembly of Nanomaterials
UV- curable coatings
Anti-abrasion and anti-scratch coatings
Anti-corrosion coatings
Self-healing nanotechnology antic orrosion coatings as alternative to toxic chromium
Super-hydrophobic coatings
Barrier coatings
Oxylink Technology
Matte coatings
Self cleaning technology
Making use of hydrophobic and oil repellent property of nanoparticles
Nanoparticles in high performance coating
Anti-fouling coating
Nanotechnology roof coating
The risk factor
Health Issues
Environmental issues
Future of nanotechnology

PU Coatings

Introduction
Experimental
Materials
Preparation of polyol
Characteristics of epoxy polyol (EP)
Characteristics of HDI
Chemical compositions
Results and discussion
FT IR Spectral analysis
FT IR spectra of epoxy polyol
FT IR Spectra for polymer
FT IR Spectra for polymer-H

Photo Luminescent Paints

Introduction
Mechanism of action
Effect of temperature on the afterglow
Manufacturing of the pigment
With Polyurethane Resins
With Epoxy Resins
Applications
Comparison between fluorescent and photo luminescent paints and alternative energy sources

Polyaspartics

Introduction
What are Polyaspartic Esters?
Chemistry
Reaction of aspartic acid ester with isocyanate
Polyurethane/Polyurea/Polyaspartks What’s the Difference?
Reactivity
Applications
Limitation

Phenolic Resins

Introduction
Experimental
Materials
Synthesis of phenol-cardanolformaldehyde novolac type phenolic resins
Epoxidation of phenol-cardanolformaldehyde novolac type phenolic resin
Characterization
Fourier-transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis
‘H-NMR
spectroscopic analysis
Gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) technique
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
Results and Discussion
Synthesis of phenol-cardanolformaldehyde novolac type phenolic resins
FT-IR spectroscopic analysis
1H-NMR spectroscopic analysis
Epoxidation of novolac prepolymer
Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) analysis

Paints based on Agricultural Materials

Introduction
Soybean
Soybean oil-based waterborne polyurethane system
Soybean oil-based polyols
Soybean oil-based wetting and dispersing agents
Lignin
Lignin based paints
Corn
Corn based paints
Xanthum Gum
Starch
Sugar based polymers
Solvents
Monomers
Coalescents

Polyester Powder Coatings

Introduction
Using bi-functional hardener
Co-extrusion of resins
Polyester Dead Matt
Using reactive matting agent

Paint Coating on Galvanized Steel in Coil Coating line

Introduction
Preparing of substrate for paint coating
Alkaline solution cleaning
Conversion coatings
Test conducted to study the performance of the coated product
Impact test
Bending adhesion test
Flexibility test
Hardness test (Pencil test)
Chemical resistance test
Salt spray test
Heat resistance test
MEK (Methyl ethyl ketone) test
Coating characteristics
Factors affecting the performance of paint coating
Effect of tensions at various sections
Effect of alkali and conversion coating bath concentration
Bending adhesion test
Salt spray test
Hydrogen Evolution (Crater)
Effect of peak metal temperature in primer oven and top coat oven
Bending adhesion test
Hardness test
Impact test
MEK (Methyl ethyl ketone) test
Uses of coatings
Conclusions

Photocatalytic Coatings

Introduction
Materials
Titanium dioxide
Silicone resin
Experimental
Methylene blue test
Cigarette smoke test
Outdoor-exposure
Results
Comparison of titanium dioxide
Binder
Interior paints
Exterior paints
Conclusion

Ketonic Resins

Introduction
Aim of the present investigation
Experimental
Composition of ketonic resin
Preparation of ketonic resin
Evaluation
Effect of heat on softening point
Effect of plasticization on film properties
Effect of stoving on film properties
Results and discussion

Radiation Cure Coatings

Introduction
Curing mechanism
Raw materials for radiation cure coatings
Oligomers
Epoxy acrylates
Urethane acrylate
Polyester acrylates
Polyether acrylates
Amine modified polyether acrylates
Acrylic acrylates
Miscellaneous oligomers
Monomers
Photo initiators
Additives
Pigments
Cation curing
Powder coatings
Application areas of radiation cure coatings
Advantages and disadvantages of radiation cure coatings
Advantages
Disadvantages

Self-Healing – Coatings

Introduction
Approaches
Liquid phase healing agent
Microcapsulation
Phase separated healing agent
Hollow tubes or fibers
Three-dimensional micro vascular network
Solvent- promoted self-healing
Nanoparticles segregation
Solid phase (Heat activated)
Thermally rcmendable
Thermoplastic/thermoset blend
Cyclic oligomers
Projectile puncture
Other approaches
Quantifying healing effectiveness
Potential Application of Self healing

Stealth Coatings for Aircraft and ships

Detection techniques for an aircraft
Measuring stealth
Importance of Coatings in Stealth Technology
Additional expectations from Stealth coatings
Types of Coatings used in Stealth Technology
A. Iron Ball Paint
Carbonyl Iron
Silver-coated Cenosphere
Typical Physical Parameters of Cenospheres
Ferro fluids and non-magnetic substances
Strontium 90
Neoprene
Coatings based on Gold and Indium
Radar stealth countermeasures and limitations
Low frequency radar
IR Stealth
Stealth Coatings in Drugs
Stealth Coatings in Foods
Probable Abuses of Stealth Coatings
Futuristic Coatings
Combined Infrared and Radar Stealth

Sol Gel Coatings

Introduction
Types of Solgels
Coating process and coating equipments
Spin coating
Dip coating
Roll /gravure coating
Typical examples of uses of Sol gel coatings
Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sensors
Sampling of benzene and toluene
Carbon dioxide sensor
Sol gel & nano technology
Photonic solutions and sol gel
Sol gel integrated optics
Optical Gain materials
Non linear materials
Elastomeric reinforcement strategies
Topochemistry of wood -inorganic composites

Vacuum Metallizing Coating on Plastic Automotive Components

Introduction
Vacuum Metallizing Coating on plastic components
Requirement of substrate material
Pretreatment of substrate surface
Post-Treatment
Equipment

Plastic Packaging for Paints

Introduction
Basic requirements for paint packaging
Conventional packing materials
Advantages and disadvantages of conventional packing materials
Selection of the packing materials
New generation packing materials
Water soluble plastics for packaging of water based paints
Introduction
Application for the paint Industry
Properties of water soluble plastics
Water Solubility
Sealing properties
Oil and chemical resistance
Strength and weathering resistance
Biodegradable properties
Moisture content
Static electricity/surface resistivity
Moisture permeability and Gas resistance
Advantages of water soluble plastics
Disadvantages of water soluble plastics
Different types of packaging
Polymer coated steel
Introduction
Polymer coated steel and its performance with solvents (Table 1)
Application and benefits of polymer coated steel (Table 2)
Advantages of polymer coated steel

Silicone Resin Paints

Introduction
Silicons Resin Emulsion Paints
SREP Technology
Silicone Resin Chemistry
A functional network is created in the construction material
SREP Properties
Functional facade protection retains a building’s value
Excellent protection against wetness
Dry facades prevent algae
Facades that can breathe
Long-lasting facade protection saves renovation costs
Weathering resistance
Facades keep their color
A permanently attractive facade
Simple & Fast Processing
Easy to over paint
Fast and efficient
Solvent free & ecologically more sound
Extremely stable and nonchalking
Test methods: Certified quality

The book Technology of Paints & Coatings with Formulations covers Resins (Water Borne) for Coatings, High Solids Green Coatings (Air Drying), Technology of Primer Compositions (Alkyd Resins), Acrylic Polyols Technology, Biodegradable Surface Coatings, Binders for Premium Paints, Cyclized Rubber in Surface Coatings, Coatings for Medical Application, Dacro Coating, Epoxy Resin, Extraction, Modification and Applications of CNSL/Cardanol Based Epoxy Resin, Elastomeric Poly urea coatings, Formulation of 2K Waterborne Concrete Floor Coatings, Green Coating, Herbal Coating, High Temperature Coatings Technology, Infrared Spectroscopy: Its Relevance in the Field of Surface Coating,Marine Paints & Coatings, Magnetic Paint, Nanotechnology, PU Coatings, Photo Luminescent Paints, Polyaspartics, Phenolic Resins, Paints based on Agricultural Materials, Polyester Powder Coatings, Paint Coating on Galvanized Steel in Coil Coating Line, Photocatalytic Coatings,Ketonic Resins, Radiation Cure Coatings, Self Healing Coatings, Stealth Coatings for Aircraft and ships, Sol Gel Coatings, Vacuum Metallizing Coating on Plastic Automotive Components, Plastic Packaging for Paints, Silicone Resin Paints.

The post Technology of Paints and Coatings with Formulations appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

DYES

Requisites of a True Dye
Types of Fibres
Dyeing
Various methods of dyeing
Fastness properties
Historical development from natural to synthetic dyes
Nomenclature of dyes intermediates
Nomenclature of dyes
Historical Development of Dyes
Natural Dyes
Limitations of Natural Dyes
Synthetic Dyes
Important dyestuff intermediates
Disperse azo dye

AZO DYES

The Azo coupling reactions
Congo Red
Diazotization
Coupling
Isolation
Direct Black E
Diazotization of Benzidine
First Coupling
Second Coupling
Third Coupling
Isolation
Direct Blue 2B
Diazotization
Coupling
Isolation
Violet N
Diazotization of Benzidine
Coupling
Isolation
Sky Blue FF
Diazotization of Dianisdine
Coupling
Yield
Ethylation
Direct Light Fast Blue 4GH
Plant for Azo Dyes
Important notes for diazotization and coupling

AZOIC DYES

Azo Coupling Components
Bases
Rapid Fast Colours
Rapidogens
M-Nitro Aniline (Fast orange R)
Properties
Solubility
O-Chloronailine (Fast Yellow G, Gc)
O-Anisidine (Fast Red BB)
Solvolysis
Reduction
Properties
2-Nitro-p Anisidine (Fast Bordeaux G P)
Purification
Nitration
Hydrolysis
Purification
Naphthol AS
Properties of finished product
Naphthol AS-BS
Properties of finished product
Physical Properties of Naphthol AS-OL
Naphthol AS-G

ACID DYES

Simple Acid Dyes
Mordant Acid Dyes
Manufacturing Processes
Acid Orange II
Acid Flourescein
Acid Light Fast Yellow G
Acid Fast Red A
Metanil Yellow
Acid Black 10 BX

BASIC DYES

Diphenyl methane
Triphenyl methane dyes
Thiazines
Oxazine Dyes
Xanthene Dyes
Manufacturing Process
Auramine O
Reaction
Process
Malachite Green
Reaction
Process
Leuco Malachite Green
New Magenta
Process
Safranine T
Aminoazotoluene Preparation
Reduction
Oxidation
Methylene Blue
Nitrosoation
Reduction
Acid Formation
Indamine Formation
Cooking
Isolation
Rhodamine B
Reaction
Process

DISPERSE DYES

Dispersion
Effect of Dispersing Agents
Levelling Agents
Classification
Disperse dyes in the dye bath
Disperse dyes in the fibre
Solacet Dyes (Water Soluble)
Light
Gas Fumes
Sublimation
Wash fastness
Current Research Work
Disperse Yellow 1
Reaction
Disperse Yellow 13
Acid Pasting
Dispersion
Disperse Yellow 42
Reaction
Disperse Orange 1
Procedure
Emulsion of Diphenylamine
Test
Coupling
Disperse Orange 13
Diazotisation of Aniline
Coupling Solution
Coupling
Stage II Diazotization of aniline azo dye
Coupling Solution
Coupling
Dispersion
Disperse Red 4
Acid pasting and Dispersion
Dispersion
Test
Disperse Red 9
Treatment with hydrochloric acid
Disperse  Blue 1
Reactions
Reduction
Acetylation of 1:5 and 1:8 diamino anthraquinone
Stage IV Nitration and Reduction
Rduction
Stage V Hydrolysis
Disperse Blue 3
Reaction
Disperse Black 1
Coupling
Test
Disperse Violet B
Reaction
Sulfonation
Nitration
Hydrolysis
Dispersion

VAT DYES

Five Membered Rings
One Heteroatom
Two Heteroatoms
Attachment at 2-position
Attachment at 1-2-position
Attachment at 2-3position
Attachment at 1.9-position
Vat Dyes Containing Six Membered Rings
Attachment at 1-2-position
Attachment at 1.9-position
Attachment at 3.4 -position of benzanthrone
Attachment at 1-position
Attachment at 1.2-position
Attachment at 2.3-position
Attachment at 1.9-position
Fused Ring System
Dyes containing larger ring systems

ANTHRIMIDES AND CARBAZOLES

Anthraquinone-carbazoles
Ring closure with aluminium chloride
Ring Closure with Titanium Tetrachloride
Ring closure with sulphuric acid
Ring closure with Potassium Hydroxide
Oxidation
Characterisation of Anthrmides and Anthraquinone Carbazoles
Spectral Differentiation
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectra
Infrared
C=O Stretching and NH deformation vibrations

VAT DYES & VAT PASTES

Vat Paste
Manufacturing of Vat Pastes
Vat Orange RF Paste
Golden Yellow G.O.K. Paste
Magenta B Paste
Vat Blue 4G Paste
Vat Pink R Paste
Vat Blue 4B Paste
Vat Black BB Paste
Vat Green FB Paste
Vat Brown RRO Paste Special
Vat Violet 2R Paste
Vat Violet GCN Paste
Vat Scariet GGN Paste
Vat Grey 3B Paste
Manufacturing Process
Indanthrene Rubine R
Formula
Ethylation of Anthrapyrazole yellow
Acid pasting Anthrapyrazote
Indanthrene Grey M
Stage III Cyclisation of anthrimide to carbazoles
Vat Red
Stage -1 Oxidation of 1-Nitro 2 methyl anthraquinone
Stage II
Microscopic Test
Purification
Vat Black
Reduction
Introduction
Procedure
Indanthrene Dark Blue Boa (Violanthrone)
Indanthrene Golden Orange 3-G
i. Anthrimide Formation
ii. Indanthrene Golden
Orange 3G (carbazol)
Indanthrene Brilliant Green Feb
2:2′ Dibenzanthroanl
Dihydroxy dibenzanthrone
Indanthrene Brilliant Green FFB Crude
Standardisation of Vat  Dyestuffs
The Spray drying method
The W & P Mixer Method
Indentification of Vat Dyes
Procedure
Sulphuric Acid or Nitric Acid Test
Alkaline Hydrosulphite Test
Acid Hydrosulphite Test

INDIGOLD AND THIOINDIGOLD DYES

Technical Synthesis of Indigo
Thioindigold dyes
Indigo
Brilliant Indigo-G
Thioindigo Red B
Procedure
Algol Orange-RF
Standardisation
Vat Printing Brown-G

INDIGOSOL

Anthrasol Brillant Orange IRK
Anthrasor Blue IBC
Oxidation to tetraester
Identification of Leuco
Ester Vat Dyes

FLUORINATION OF DYES

Hydorofluric Acid
Material of Construction
Fluorine
Material of Construction
Indanthrene Brilliant Violet F RK (C.I. 63350)
Indanthrene Printing Blue HFG
Nuclear Fluorination

SULPHUR DYES

Thionation
Types of Sulphur Dyes
Properties of Sulphur Dyes
Manufacturing Process
Sulphur Black-T
Hydrolysis
Oxidation
Grain Standardisation
Immedial Orange C
Sulphur Orange 1
Property
Hydron Blue R Powder
R Base
Hydron Blue R powder
Procedure

REATIVE DYES

Classification of Reactive Dyes
Reactive dyes containing a cyanuric chloride nucleus
Reactive dyes containing a chlor pyrimidine nucleus
The vinyl sulfone reactive type
Reactive dye containing an epoxy group
Pyridazone
Dichloroquinoxaline
Acrylamide
Methylolated Nitrogen
Reactive dyes containing a Cyanuric Chloride Nucleus
Vinyl Sulfone Reactive Dyes
Chemistry of tetrachloropyrimidines
Reactive Dyes based on Epoxides
Other types of Reactive Dyes
Application Purification of Reactive Dyes
Advantage and Limitations of Reactive Dyes
Fabric Preparation
Washing Off New Developments of Reactive Dyes
Kayacelon Reaction Dyes
Cibacron C Dyes
Procion Supra Dyes of (I.C.I)
Procion HEXL Dyes
Prociline N Dyes
Reactive Red
Reactive Rose Red
Reactive Violet
Reactive Orange
Reactive Yellow
Reactive Red M8B
Acetylation of H Acid
Diazotisation of Tobias Acid
Reactive Dyes with Trichloropyrimidine As Reactive Group
Preparation
Reactive Dyes with 2.3-Dichloroquinoxaline
6-Carbonyl Chloride
as Reactive Group
Preparation
Reactive Dyes with Chloroacetyl As Reactive Group
Reactive Dyes with 6-Amino-2 Chlorobenzothiazole-5 Sulphonic
Acid as Reactive Group
Preparations
Properties of Cyanuric Chloride
Chlorosulfonic Acid
Identification of Reactive Dyes
Procedure

INTERMEDIATES FOR DYES AND PIGMENTS

Electrophilic
Nucleophilic substitution
Free radical
Sulphanilic Acid
Metanilic Acid
p-Aminophenol
Reduction
o-Phenylene Diamine
Property
o-And-p Nitrochlorobenzene
p-Phenylenediamine
Reduction
Control Test
1-Phenyl 3-Methyl 5-Pyrazolone
Quality of phenyl methyl pyrazolone
Tobias Acid
Quality
H-Acid
1-amino-2 Naphthol-4 Sulphonic Acid
Schaeffer’s Acid
J-Acid
Alkali Fusion of Amino J-Acid
N-Phenyl J-Acid
Anthraquinone
2-chloro Anthraquinone
2-Amino Anthraquinone
1-Hydroxy Anthraquinone
Anthraquinone 1-sufonate potassium salt
1-Hydroxy Anthraquinone
1:4 Dihydroxy Anthraquinone-(quinizarine)
Purification
1:4 Diaminoanthraquinone
Test for completion
Oxidation
1. Amino-2 Methyl- Anthraquinone
2. Methyl Anthraquinone
1-Nitro-2 Methyl anthraquinone
Purification of crude product
Amino-2 methylanthra quinone
Benzanthrone

FLUORESCENT BRIGHTNERS AND OPTICAL WHITENING AGENTS

Chemical Constitution
Stibene derivatives
Derivatives of dibenzothiophene-5 5-dioxide
Azoles
Monoazoles
Bisazoles
Coumarian Derivatives
Derivaties of 6-memberedring heterocycles
Derivative of pyrazoline
Finishing of Commercial Optical Brightners
Pastes
Powder
Instant finish (easily water soluble)Liquid forms
Stable Dispersions
Evaluation and testing
Active strength of fluorescent brightners
Uses
Detergent Brightners
Brightners for the textile industry
Natural Fibres
Brightner for cellulose
Brightners for wool
Brightners for synthetic fibres
Brightners for Cellulose Acetate
Brightners for Polyamide fibres
Brightners for polyester fibres
Brightners for Acrylic fibres
Brightners for Polyacrylonitrile fibre
Multi fibre brightening
Paper Brightners
Brightners for plastics
Brightners for Cosmetic Preparations
Brightners for Miscellaneous Application
Biological aspects

TYPICAL COMMERCIAL BRAND NAMES OF TEXTILE COLORANTS, ACCESSORY PRODUCTS

ETC.

CLASSIFICATION OF PIGMENTS AND EXTENDRES

Inorganic Pigment
Organic Pigment
Difference between Organic and Inorganic  Pigment
Difference between Pigments & Dyes
Classification of Pigments
Inorganics
White
Black
Red Brown
Yellow Orange
Green
Blue Purple
Metallic Powder
Organic Pigments
Lakes
Metal Toners
Azo Pigment
Yellow Pigments
Vat Pigment and Polycyclic Pigments
Phthalocyanines Blue Green
Extenders
Types of Extenders Pigment
Whiting Calcium Carbonate (Natural)
Calcium Carbonate (Synthetics)
Barytes
Barium Sulphate
Silicates
China Clay (Kaolin)
Silica (Silicon Dioxide)

INORGANIC PIGMENTS

Titanium Dioxide
Manufacture
Sulphate process
Wet treatment
The chloride process  Application of Titanium pigments
Paper
Textile
Plastics
Ceramics
Rubber
Plastics
Ceramics
Rubber
Miscellaneous
Iron Oxides
Manufacture Uses
Synthetic Iron Oxide
Manufacture
Calcined Coppers Red
Ferrite Red
Precipitated Synthetic Red Iron Oxide
Calcined Black (Red) Iron Oxide
Uses
Chromates
Zinc Chromate
Lead Chromate
Primrose Yellow
Light or Lemon Yellow
Medium Yellow
Chrome Orange
Manufacture
Chromium oxide green
Cadmium pigments
Manufacture
Zinc Oxide
From Zinc Metal (French or Indirected Process)
From Zinc Oxide Ores (American or Direct process)
From Zinc Sulphide Ore
Zinc Sulphide
Lithopone
Zinc Phosphate
Metallic Pigment
Copper and Copper Alloy Flake Copper
Alloy Flake Powders
Zinc Pigment
Stainless Steel Flake Pigment
Carbon Blacks
Uses
Ultramarine Pigments
Prussian Blue

AZO PIGMENTS

Red Pigments
Permanent Reds
The Pyrazolone Red
Yellow Pigments
Manufacture of azo Manufacture of azo pigments
Pigment Yellow G
Procedure
Diazotization
Coupling Component
Pigment Yellow 10G
Procedure
Diazotization
Coupling preparation
Coupling
Benzidine Yellow
Diazotization
Coupling Preparations
Coupling
Benzidine Orange
Diazotization
Preparation of Coup Ling component
Coupling

HIGH GRADE ORGANIC PIGMENTS

Azo condensation
Vat Pigments and Related Compounds
Anthraquinone pigment\\\
Thioindigo Pigments
Dioxazine
Quinacridone
Quinacridone
Toning White Enamels
Isoindolinone
Applications
Phthalocyanine

PHTHALOCYANINES

Manufacturedine
Methods for formation of pigments from crude
Acid pasting
Acid slurry
Concentration of the sulfuric acid
Amounts of the sulfuric acid
Slurrying time
Temperature of the slurry
Production of b-form pigment by salt grinding
Manufacture of metal free phthalocyanina
Manufacture of phthalocyanine green
Properties Phthalocyanines
Flocculation, Flotation and Flooding
Control of flocculation
Floatation
Flooding
Application of phthalocyanine pigments
Phthalocyanine dyes of Textile materials
Phthalocyanine formation in the fibre

FLUORESCENT PIGMENTS

Photostability of Fluorescent Pigments
Fluorescent Application
Phosphorescent
Luminous Pigments
Properties and characteristics
Uses
Use in Plastic
Peart Luster Pigments

QUALITY CONTROL AND EVALUATION OF PIGMENTS

Quality Control
Evaluation of Pigments
Physical Properties of Pigment
Moisture Content
Bulking Volume
Mesh Residue
Particle Size
Procedure
IS Specification
Solvent Stability
Aim
Importance of the test
Procedure
IS Value
Water Soluble Matter
pH of the Pigments
Oil Absorption
Raw Materials required
Procedure
Defination of Oil Absorption
Opacity
Colour
By Automatic Muller
Mass Tone
Apparatus required
Reduction Tone
Raw Materials Used
Other materials required
Procedure
Raw Material required
Dispersibility, Texture and Rheology
Stability and Fastness
Other Properties
To Destermine the Sp.
Gravity of Pigment
To determine percentage purity of crude
phthalocyanine
Volumetric Method for the determination of  copper in Cuprous
Chloride
Estimation of Organically
Bound hlorine

PIGMENTS FOR TEXTILES

Viscosity of Batch
Amount of Grinding Media
Amount of Material to be Ground
Handy Hints for Milling
Anionic surfactants
Non-ionic surfactants
Auxilliary or water retaining agents  in pigment emulsion
Mill Cleaning Methods
Formulations of different pigment Emulsions
Binder
Thickeners
Water Retaining agents
Catalysts
Preparation of 10% Binder Reduction
Thickening
Recipe for printing paste
After treatments

PIGMENTS FOR PAINTS

Mass Tone Colour
Under Tone Colour
Particle Shape
Particle Size Distribution Dispersibility
Effect on Vehicle Viscosity
Weathering
Parameters of pigment performance in paint industry
Dispersion
Surface Treatment
Particle Size
Surface area and characteristics
Mechanical Properties
Paint
Drying
Flushed pigments
Fluorescent pigments
Pigments
Fastness Properties
Light Fastness
Fastness to solvents
Heat Fastness
Chemical Fastness
General Paint
Pigment tailored to suit many specific uses are now available
Characteristics and fastness properties of the various classes of pigment
Dinitroaniline Orange
Toluidine Reds
Hansa Yellow Pigments (pigment yellows)
Polycyclic Pigments
Manufacture of Paint
Suitability of different pigments for use in various paints systems
Catalysed Paints
Unsaturated polyester paints
Acid curing paints
Polyurethane paints
Cold curing epoxy paints
Epoxy stoving enamels
Metallic finishes
Colouration of Aqueous Paint Systems Particularly of Emulsion Binders
Pigment paste from pigment Formulation of Different Pigment Paste
Separation and Identification of pigments  from synthetic enamel

PIGMENTS FOR PRINTING INKS

Fastness to Light
Fastness to alkali
Fastness to acid
Transparency
Dispersion
Organic pigment for printing ink should offer

PIGMENTS FOR PLASTICS, RUBBER AND COSMETICS

Selection of pigment
Colouring Techniques
Colouring plastic materials for  injection moulding
Colouration of moulding compounds
Phenoplasts
Colouring Thermoplasticslastics
Plasticised polyvinyl chloride
Rigid PVC
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
Polyurethane foams
Pigments for Rubber
Vulcan Fast and Vulcan Pigments
Colourant for Cosmeticsmetics
Miscellaneous applications

CHEMICAL PLANT DATA FOR DYES AND PIGMENTS

Plant Layout
Typical weaknesses in a poor plant layout
Materials Handling
Reduction in time
Reduction in handling
Equipment design
Summary
Material of construction
Metals
Cast Iron
White  Cast Iron
Plain Carbon Steel
Low carbon steel of Mild steel
Medium carbon steel
High carbon steel
Alloy Steel
Low alloy steel
High alloy steel
Stainless Steel
Non Metals
Cement and Stoneware Product
Glass
Rubber
Plastics
Other Materials
Wood
Linings for Chemical Plants  and  Equipment
Important Equipments for Dyes, Pigments and Chemical Plant
Autoclaves or Pressure Vessels
Reaction kettle or Reactor
Materials of Construction
Type and shape of reactor
Agitation
Jacket Design
Glass Line Reactor
Mechanical Resistance
Thermal Resistance
Testing
Vacuum Distillation Plant
Filter Presses
Filtrate discharge
Dryers
Spray dryers
Advantage of Micropulverizer
Research and Development

PLANT ECONOMICS OF DYE & DYE INTERMEDIATE

PLANT ECONOMICS OF METHYLE BLUE

PLANT ECONOMICS OF ACID BLOCK DYE

PLANT ECONOMICS OF GREEN OXIDE AND BLUE OXIDE

PLANT ECONOMICS OF AZO DYE (RHODAMINE-B)

PLANT ECONOMICS OF DYES (ANTHRAQUINONE, B-NAPHTHOL ETC.)

SUPPLIERS OF PLANTS, MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENTS

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The post technology of synthetic dyes, pigments and intermediates appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Contents cum Subject Index of the Book

• The Chemistry of Resin Formation and Resin Properties
• Introduction
• Fundamentals of Polymer Formation
• Functions of Reactive Groups
• Cross-linked Polymers
• Formation of Polymers
• Polycondensation
• Interfacial Polycondensation
• Sequence of Reaction
• Copolymer Formation
• Rate of Polymerization
• Addition Polymerization in Practice
• Chain Transfer Reactions
• Stereopsecific Polymerization0
• Polyaddition Reactions1
• Types of Polymers
• Polyesters
• Formation of Alkyds
• Saturated and Unsaturated Polyesters
• Polyamides
• Phenolic Resins
• Amino Resins
• Epoxide Resins
• Vinyl Polymers
• Polyvinyl Alcohol
• Silicones
• Practical Applications
• The Chemical Engineering of Oil and Resin Processing
• General Requirements for Processing Equipments
• Materials of Construction
• Branches and Connections
• Stirring Equipment
• Types of Agitators
• Sealing
• Drive Units
• Fume Disposal and Scrubbing
• Desing Consideration
• Sludge Handling Equipment
• Condensing and Refluxing
• Design and Layout of Tubes
• Water Receiver
• Ancillary Equipment
• Agitators
• Heating
• Reflux Condenser
• Thermometer
• Steam Arrangements
• Vacuum Pumps
• Pressure and Flow Indication
• Fume Extraction
• Lagging
• Miscellaneous
• Heating and Cooling
• Criteria for Selection of Heating and Cooling system
• Calculation of Film Coefficients
• Heat Transfer Coefficient
• Steam Heating
• Pressurised Hot Water
• Heating at Higher Temperature
• Direct Firing
• Immersion Tubes
• Kestner Coil
• Typical Arrangement
• Cooling
• The advantages of this type of heating system are :
• Heating by Electricity
• Immersion Heating
• Heating through The Vessel Wall
• Induction Heating
• ‘Isoductive’ Heating System
• Heating of Pipework and Ancillaries
• Alkyd Resins
• The nature of Alkyd Resin
• Raw Materials
• Dibasic Acids
• Polyhydric Alcohols
• Modifier for Alkyd Resins
• Formulation of Alkyd Resins
• Formula Development
• Calculation of Alkyd Formulations
• Typical Formulations
• Manufacture of Alkyd Resin
• Alcoholysis
• Catalysts
• Control of Alcoholysis
• Acidolysis
• Fatty Acid Process
• Esterification
• Alkyd Manufacturing Plant
• Applications of Alkyd Resins
• Oil Free Alkyds
• Polyesters
• Saturated Polyesters
• Condensation and Addition Polymerization
• Main Components of Unsaturated Polyesters
• Brief History of Surface Coatings
• Characteristics of Unsaturated Polyesters
• Two points should be noted here
• Functions of initiators,
• Accelerators, Inhibitors
• Effect of structure of Polyester Backbone on Properties of Cured products
• Effect of Chemical Structure    on Melting points of Linear Polyesters
• Effect of Structure on Properties of Cured Products
• Commonly used polyols and their advantages are :
• The effect of unsaturated monomers on properties of cured products
• Polyester coating composition
• Radiation Cure
• Methods of Application
• Amino Resins
• Formation of Amino Resins
• Methylol formation
• Alkylation
• Urea Formaldehyde Resins
• Methylol Formation
• Etherification reaction
• Melamine Formaldehyde Resin
• Melamine Methyl Formation
• Alkylation of Melamine Methylols
• Other Amino Resins
• Glycoluril
• Production Amino Resins
• Properties of Amino Resins
• Uses of Amino Resins
• Self- Polymerization
• Co-reaction with alkyd and polyester resins
• Co-reaction with Acrylic Resins
• Epoxy resins
• Acid Catalysed Lacquers
• Water Based Coatings
• Appendix 1 Solvent Tolerance
• Appendix 2 Non-Volatile Content
• Polyurethane Resins
• Chemistry
• Raw Materials
• Isocyanates
• Tolylene Diisocyanate (TDI)
• 4,4′ Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI)
• Hydroxyl Component
• Hazards of Isocyanates
• Classification of Polyurethanes
• Urethane Oils and     Urethane Alkyds
• Moisture-cured urethanes
• Blocked Isocynatee Systems
• Two-component catalyst-
• Cured Polyurethanes
• Two-Component Polyol Type
• Polyurethanes
• Epoxy Resins
• Epoxy Resins Manufacture and Characterization
• Curing Agents for Epoxy Resins
• Principles in Formulating with Epoxy Resins
• Solventless and High Solids
• Coatings
• Tar Epoxy Coatings
• Flooring Compounds
• Fibreglass Laminates
• Solvent Based Paint
• High Solids Coatings
• Solventless Tar Epoxy Coatings
• Solventless Coating for Airless Spray Equipment
• Single-Pack Epoxy
• Maintenance Paints
• Epoxy Esters
• Single Pack Thermoplastic
• Epoxy Systems
• Epoxy Industrial Baking
• Finishes
• Water Dispersible Epoxy Resins
• Epoxy/Polyamide Emulsions
• Epoxy Baking Enamels
• Water Dispersible Epoxy
• Resin Coatings for     Electrodeposition
• Epoxy Aqueous Powder Suspension (APS)
• Silicone Resins
• Direct Process
• Grignard Process
• Preparation of Silanols
• Polymerization
• Silicone resins
• Pure Silicone Resins
• R : Si Ratio
• Methyl-and phenyl-content
• Viscosity
• Properties of pure Silicone
• Surface Coating Resins
• Resistance to Weathering
• Blending Resins
• Silicone Intermediates
• Silicone— Organic Copolymers
• Preparation and Formulation    of Silicone Resin Based Coatings
• Cure Catalyst Driers
• Pigments and Dyes
• Thinners
• Application Guides
• Surface Preparation
• Priming
• Applying the Coatings
• Curing
• Uses
• Toxicity
• Other Silicone Resin
• Application
• Electrical Varishes
• Release Resins
• Masonry Water Repellants
• Other Silicones for    Surface Coatings
• Acrylic Solution
• Resins
• Backbone Monomers
• Synthesis
• Addition Polymerization
• Copolymerization
• Thermoplastic Acrylics
• Solution Polymerization
• Properties and End Uses
• Thermosetting Acrylics
• Selection of Monomer
• Classification and properties
• Acrylamide Copolymers
• Acid Copolymers
• Hydroxy Copolymers
• Curing Reactions
• Aqueous Solution Acrylics
• Non-Aqueous
• Dispersions (NAD)
• Rubber Resins
• Introduction
• Natural Rubber
• Synthetic Rubbers
• Procedure
• Rubber Resins and Latexes
• Chlorinated Rubber Resins
• Lifting
• Parlon
• Cyclized Rubber Resins
• High Styrene-Butadiene
• Rubber Resins
• Chrlorinated Biphenyls
• Chlorinated Paraffins
• Synthetic Rubber Resins
• Latexes
• Emulsion Polymers
• Key- Components in Emulsion Polymerization
• Surfactants
• Initiators
• Water
• Polymerization in Emulsion Systems
• Based on Styrene
• Influence of Monomer
• Composition on properties and performance
• Hardening Monomers
• Vinyl Acetate
• Styrene
• Methyl Methacrylate
• Flexibilizing Monomers
• Esters of Acrylic Acids
• Esters of Maleic or Fumaric Acids
• Vinyl Esters
• Olefins-Butadiene
• Olefins- Ethylene
• Specific Monomers
• Effect of Monomer Composition on Film Properties
• Effect of Water Phase and Particle Size
• Particle Size
• Manufacture and Testing Process Variables
• Emulsion Testing
• Application of Emulsion Polymers
• Adhesive Industry
• The Printing Ink Industry
• The Textile Industry
• The Leather Industry
• The Floor Polish Industry
• The Paper Industry
• The Agriculture Industry
• Water Reducible Resins
• Water Soluble Polymers
• Maleinized drying oils
• Alkyd Reins
• Acrylic-modified water-
• Soluble Alkyds
• Disadvantages are
• Polyesters
• Silicone-modified Alkyds and Polyesters
• Epoxy Resins
• Anhydrides
• Defunctioalizing the poxide Ring
• Cationic Polymers
• Thermoplastic Polymers
• Thermosetting Polymers
• Amino Resins
• Urea Formaldehyde
• Melamine Formaldehydes
• Substituted Guanamine
• Formaldehyde
• Self-cross-linking
• Other Water soluble Polymers
• Viscosity Characteristics
• Amines
• Viscosity
• Drying
• Stability
• Foam Control
• Colour Retention
• Toxicity
• Variation of Amine Levels
• Viscosity
• Drying Properties
• Stability
• Gloss
• Cosolvents
• Coupling Efficiency
• Viscosity
• Variation of Cosolvent
• water ratio
• Stability
• Drying properties
• Foam Control
• Drier for air dry and
• Force dry systems
• Cross Linking of Water
• Soluble coatings
• Additives for Coatings
• Pigments
• Formulation of Water- Soluble Coatings
• Trouble Shooting with Water- Soluble Polymers
• Water Soluble Polymers
• Classification
• Properties of Cellulose Ethers
• Application
• Uses

The post technology of synthetic resins and emulsion polymers appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.