Project report on Plantation & Farming - Technology Book - Feasibility Report - Market Survey - Industrial Report

Hand Book of Pig Farming

EIRI Team — Mon, 24 Feb 2014 06:59:14 +0000

HAND BOOK OF PIG FARMING

Population Trends
Breeds
Indigenous pigs
Exotic breeds
Selectrion of Breeding Stock
Selection of Boars
Selection of gilts
System of breeding
Feeding and Nutrition
Nutrient requirements
Characteristics of a good ration
Management
Boar
Sow
Pre-weaner
Weaner
General
Culling
Labour management
Pig housing
Marketing and transport of pigs
Pig diseases and health
Tuberculosis
Mycoplasmal pneumonia
Colibacillosis and edema
Brucellosis
Atrophic rhinitis
Swine fever
Foot and mouth disease
Swine pox
Parasitic diseases
Others

SWINE REARING IN INDIA

Introduction
Reason for poor growth of commercial hog industry
Scope of swine farming in the country
Modern outlook of Swine industry
Pig as a Machine
Piggery A Cottage Industry
Part of S.F.D.A. Programme for upliftment of weaker sections
Implementing Agency
Taxonomical Classification and Origin
Statistics of Swine
Swine Wealth
Chemical Composition of Pork
Important Countries in Hog Industry (in Descending Order)
Terms Used in Swine Husbandry
Advantages of Pig Raising in India
Demerits in Hog Raising
Purposes of Raising Pigs
Major Piggeries

BREEDS AND BREEDING OF PIGS

Characteristics of Indian Wild Boar (Sus Scrofa Cristatus)
Pigmy hog (Sus salvanius)
Indigenous Domesticated Pig
Swine Breeds
Exotic/Improved Breeds of Pigs
Classification of Swine breeds based on utility
Exotic breeds experienced in India
Region wise Classification of Breeds of Pigs
Factors Effecting Selection of Bread
Factors for selection of Breeding stock
Criterion for Improvement
Characteristics of Important Breeds of Pigs Experienced in India
Economic Traits of Swine
Selection
Parameters for Appraising Growth Potential
Methods of Improvement
Breeding Systems
In breeding
Out Breeding
Out Crossing
Limitations
Grading up
Cross breeding
Starting a Pig farm
Selection of Boar
Selection of Sows
Culling of Animals
Guideines for Normal Reproduction of Pigs
Management at Breeding of Pigs
Flushing
Advantages of Flushing
Detection of “Heat” in Sows
Optimum Time to Bread Sows/Gilts
Influence of Boar Contact on age at Puberty in Gilts
Still Births
Pregnancy Diagnosis

FEEDS AND FEEDING OF PIGS

Digestion of Food in Pig
Digestive System of Swine
Mouth
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Small Intestine
Caecum
Large Intestine
Rectum
Digestive Process in Pigs
Mode of Intake of Food
Digestion in Caecum and Colon
Utilization of Foodstuffs
Some Characteristic Features of Swine Nutrition
Parameters Affected by Quality of Ration
Feeds for Hogs
Nutrient Requirement of Hogs
Water Requirement of Pigs
Feed Mixtures for Breeding Stock
Ration for Fattening Stock
Pasture for Hogs
Type of Feeding “Self
Suggested Replacement for Feeds
Amount of Ration for Pigs Feed/Pig/Day
Mineral Mixture for Pigs
Feeding of Piglings
Feeding Different Class of Pigs
Effect of Different Techniques of Preparation of Feeds
Feeding Antibiotics to Pigs
Flushing of Sows/Gilts
Feeding Swine for Market
The Composition of Ration

MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR HOGS

Body Parts of Pig
Swine Judging
Handling Pigs
Age Determination
Castration of Pigs
Identification
Pig Excercising
Preparing Calender of Daily Operation
Hog Wallows
Housing of Hogs
Systems of Pig Housing
Advantages of Open air system
Disadvantages
Advantages of Indoor system
Disadvantages
Advantages of combination of system
Disadvantages of Combination System
Types of Houses
Advantages of Centraily Located (fixed)Houses Under one roof
Equipments for Swine Husbandry
Disposal of Manure
Bacterial action in lagoon
Precautions
Disinfection of Pig Houses
Sanitation and Disinfection on Hog Farms
Disinfection
Chemicals as Disinfectants Kill Germs by
Maintenance of Records
Common Disinfectants Concerntration and Methods of Use
Individual pig register
Breeding register
Farrowing Record
Feeding register for the month for
Inventory Register
Care of Animals
Castration of Pigiets
Care and Management of Young Stock
Care of Management of Gilts and Sows
Care and Management of Sows and Gilts in Lactation
Care and Management of Pregnant Animals
Farrowing Care and Management
Objectives
Desirable conditions in farrowing pen
Management before farrowing
Signs approaching farrowing
Stages of farrowing
Disposal of placenta
Presentation and position of fetuses in pigs
Care and Management during farrowing
Care of sow just after farrowing
Care and Management of Boar
Selection
Age for breeding and use
Feeding of boar
Temperature
Brief account of good management practices
Preparing Hogs for show or fairs
Purpose
Materials
Procedure
Transportation of Pigs
Different modes of transportation
Transport by Road
Feeding and Watering
Loading Density

HEALTH AND HYGIENE FOR HOGS

Cleaning and Disinfection
Diseases of Swine
Details of Some Important Swine Disease and Parasites
Hog Cholera (Swine Fever/Pig Typhoid)
Swine Vesicular Exanthema
Swine Erysiplas
Swine Pox
Swine Piague (Haemorrhagic septicaemia)
Foot and Mouth Disease
Brucellosis (Contagious Abortion)
Swine Influenza (Hog Flu)
Hypogiycemia (Bady Pig Shakes)
Anaemia (Nutritional)
Haemolytic Disease of Newbom Piglets
Swine Parasites
Mango
Diarrhoea
Crippling
Rheumatism
Iodine Deficiency
Antinomycosis in Pigs
Agalactia Syndrome
Pediculosis in Pigs
Rotaviral Enteritis
Anthrax
Pasteurellosis
Leptospirosis
Swine Dysentry
Tuberculosis
Protozonal Infection in Pigs
Some Common Ailments in Hogs
Other common ailments and their possible causes
Methods of Disease Control
Collection of Blood from Hogs for Haemolytical Examination
Mortality of Piglets

PORK AND PORK PRODUCTS

Pork Production
By-products
Judging and Grading of Live Pig
Tool Required for Slaughter
Steps for Slaughter of Hogs
Cuts from Pork Carcass
Slaughter Weight
Carcass Quality of Large White Yorkshire Pigs
Judging and Grading of Pig Cacass
Proportions of Edible and Inedible offals
Curing the Pork
Smoking of Cured Pork
Scrapple
Canned Pork

ECONOMICS OF PIG FARMING

Objectives
Factors Affecting Economy of Pig Farming
Example Economics of a Pig Farm with a Herd of 30 Sows
Example Economics of Small unit of Pig farming under S.F.D.A.
Example Economics for Pig Unit Consisting 5 Sows and 1 Boar
Example Economics of Pig Farming for Supply of 500 Kg Pork/Week

COMMERCIAL PIG FARMING

Why Do Pig farming ?
Scope for Pig Farming and its Contribution to National Economy
Financial Assitance Available from Banks/Nabard for Pig Farming
Scheme Formulation
Requirements of a Good Project
Sanction of Bank Loan and its Disbursement
Lending Terms Germs
Package of Management Practices Recommended for Commercial Pig Farming
Selection of Breeding Stock
Statewise Pig Population in India
List of Bacon Factories
Statewise Location of Pig Breeding Farms Pig Breeding Farms
Format for Submission of Schemes
Statewise Average Unit Cost of Breeding Stock
Economics of Pig Farming At a Glance
Economic of Pig Farming Investment Cost
(10 Sows + 1 Boar)
Economics of Pig Farming Techno Economics Parameters
Economics of Pig Farming Herd Projection Chart
Economics of Pig Farming Cashflow Analysis
Economics of Pig Farming Repayment Schedule
Space Requirement for Pigs
Nutrient Requirement of Breeding Stock
Nutrient Requirements of Growing Pigs

PLANT ECONOMICS OF PIG FARMING

Land and Building
Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total working Capital/Annum
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over / Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF PIG FARMING

Land and Building
Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total working Capital/Annum
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over / Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF PIGGERY MEAT PROCESSING

Land and Building
Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total working Capital/Annum
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over / Annum

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND EQUIPMENTS

Land and Building
Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total working Capital/Annum
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over / Annum

Engineers India Research Institute (EIRI) is a renowned name in the industrial world for offering technical

and financial consultancy services.

EIRI services are:

Detailed Feasibility Reports
New Project Identification
Project Feasibility and Market Study
Identification of Lucrative Industrial Project Opportunities
Preparation of Project Profiles / Pre-Investment and Detailed Feasibility Studies,
Market Surveys / Studies, Market Survey Cum Detailed Techno-Economic Feasibility Reports
Project Reports in CD Roms
Identification of Plant /Process/Machinery and Equipment, Industrial General Guidance for setting up new
industrial projects.

Our most up-to-date and Technologically Advanced Industrial Project Reports, categorized with respect to

Financial Outlays and Sector – wise Classification are immensely useful for :

Existing Small or Medium Scale Industrialists facing competition from large houses
Young Entrepreneurs dreaming to start their own industrial enterprise
Young Graduates and Professionals wishing to begin their career
Industrialists interested in Debottlenecking their capacities & New Product – Lines
Large Industrial Houses pursuing Expansion, Growth and Diversification Plans

The post Hand Book of Pig Farming appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Hand Book of TREE FARMING (Plantation, Management, Processing, Preservation, Project Profiles)

EIRI Team — Mon, 24 Feb 2014 06:50:42 +0000

HAND BOOK OF TREE FARMING

PLANTING AND MANAGEMENT OF TREES

Introduction
Where to Plant
What to Plant
Planning for Plantation
Planting material
Estimation of Seeds/Seedlings
When to Plant
Types of Plantation
Preparation of Planting Area
Spacing of Trees
Marking and Digging of Pits
Timing of Digging Pits
Transport of Saplings
Planting of Seedlings
Post planting Care
Care during Pruning and Harvesting
Common Damaging Agents

APPLE

Botanical name
Family
Origin Place
Climate
Soil
Propagation
Pollination and fruit set
Cultivars
Planting
Care at planting
Manure and fertilizers
Interculture and Intercropping
Irrigation
Mulching Training and Pruning
Fruit thinning
Fruit retention
Harvesting
Yield
Post harvest handling and storage
Insects Pests
Diseases

AONLA

Introduction
Soil
Climate
Varieties
Propagation
Planting
Fertilizer Application
Irrigation
Training and Pruning
Intercropping
Orchard Soil Management
Flowering and Fruiting
Pests, Diseases and Physiological Disorders
Harvesting and Yields
Uses and Composition
Marketing and Storage
Economics of Cultivation

BANANA CULTIVATION

IntroductionClimate
Soil
Varieties
Propagation
Fertilizer Application
Irrigation
Desuckering
Weed Control
Cultural Practices
Crop Rotation
Intrercropping
Disease Control
Pest Control
Flowering and fruiting
Harvesting and Yield
Marketing and Storage
Artificial Ripening
Uses and Composition

BAMBOO

Introduction
Distribution
Biodiversity and Genetic
Resources
Genetic Improvement
Selection
Selection of seedlings
Selection of somatic mufants
Conservation
Cultivation
Soil
Preparation for plantation
Fertilizers
Regeneration
Propagation
Collection and storage of seed
Direct sowing
Nursery technique
Planting separated rhizomes
Culm-cutting
Offsets
Layering
Marcotting
Micropropagation
Macroproliferation
Silviculture and Management
Diseases and Pests
Diseases and their control
Microflora of seed
Nursery diseases
Leaf diseases
Witches broom
Bamboo blight
Decay in bamboo
Pests and their control
Seed insects
Defoliators
Soap suckers
Seed bugs
Culm and shoot borers
Borers of felied bamboos
Termites
Chafer grub
Harvesting
Yield
production
Some important Bamboo
Species and their uses

BABUL

Main Attributes
Morphology
Phenology
Distribution
Distribution
Multiple Uses
Medicinal Uses
Soil Conservation and Agroforestry
Silvicultural Characters
Climate
Soil
Propagation
Nursery Management
Planting
Method of Planting
Silvicultural Pactices
Biomass Production
Plant Protection
Insect Pests
Babul defoliators
Diseases

BAEL (BEL)

Introduction
Occurrence and Distribution
Description
Properties and Uses

COCONUT

Introduction
Climate
Varieties
Planting Material
Selection and Preparation of Nursery
Land Preparations
Spacing
Time of Planting
After care of Young Plantations
Weeding
Gap Filling
Fertilizer Application
Irrigation and Soil Moisture
Conservation
Intercropping
Insect Pests
Diseases
Harvesting
Yield
Storage
Processing

CASUARINA

Main Attributes
Morphology
Phenology
Distribution
Multiple Uses
Soil Conservation and Agroforestery
Silvilcutural Characters
Climate
Soil
Propagation
Vegetative Propagation
Nursery Management
Planting
Plant Protection
Insect Pests
Diseases
Management

CASHEW

Introduction
Climate
Varities
Planting Material
Selection of Mother Plant
Seed Rate
Selection of Seed Nut
Seed Treatment
Selection of Branches
Nursery
Land Preparation
Planting Distance
Planting Design
Digging of Pits
Planting of Saplings
Manuring
Fertilizers
Application of Manures and Fertilizers
Irrigation
Gap Filling
Interculture
Insect Pests
Diseases
Harvesting
Yield
Storing
Processing
Intercropping

DRUMSTICK

Main Attributes
Morphology
Phenology
Distribution
Multiple Uses
Medicinal uses
Soil Conservation and Agroforestery
Silvicultural Characters
Climate
Soil
Propagation
Nursery Management
Method of seed sowing
Time of sowing
Seed rate
Raising Plants by Stem Cuttings
Planting
Method of Planting
Time of Planting
Silvicultural Practices
Training and Pruning
Thinning
Harvesting
Plant Protection

EUCALYPTUS

Introduction
Growth Habit
Soil and Climate
Seeds and Storage
Storage
Germination
Vegetative Propagation
Micropropagation
Nursery Raising
Transplaning
Fertilizers
Planting Techniques

GUAVA

Introduction
Climate
Soil
Varieties
Propagation
Fertilizer Application
Irrigation
Training and Pruning
Plant Protection
Problems of Unfavourable
Climatic Conditions
Flowering and Fruiting
Maturity
Harvesting and Yield
Storage and Marketing
Intercropping
Uses and Composition

ISRAELI BABUL

Main Attributes
Morphology
Phenology
Distribution
Multiple Uses
Soil Conservation and Agrotorestry
Silvicultural Characters
Climate
Soil
Propagation
Planting
Silvicultural Practices

KHEJRI

Main Attributes
Morphology
Phenology
Distribution
Soil Conservation and Agroforestery
Silvicultural Characters
Climate
Soil
Propagation
Nursery Management
Planting
Silvicultural Practices
Plant Protection

KARANJ

Main Attributes
Morphology
Phenology
Distribution
Multiple Uses
Soil Conservation and Agroforestery
Silvicultural Characters
Climate
Nursery Management
Planting
Silvicultural Practices
Harvesting

LITCHI

Introduction
Climate
Soil
Varieties
Propagation
Preparation to Land
Planting
Fertilizer Application
Irrigation
Training and Pruning
Interculture Operation
Intercropping
Mulching
Flowering and Fruit Setting
Plant Protection
Harvesting and Yield
Storage and Marketing
Uses and Composition

MANGO

Introduction
Climate
Soil
Varieties
Propagation
Fertilizer Application
Irrigation
Pruning and Training
Weed Control
Problems of Unvarourable Climatic Conditions
Flowering and Fruiting
Harvesting and Yield
Grading, Storage and Marketing
Intercropping
Uses and Composition

MAHUA

Main Attributes
Morphology
Phenology
Distribution
Multiple Uses
Soil Conservation and Agroforestery
Silvicultural Characters
Climate
Soil
Propagation
Nursery Management
Planting
Silvicultural Practices
Harvesting
Plant Protection

MULBERRY

Main attributes
Morphology
Phenology
Distribution
Multiple Uses
Soil Conservation and Agroforestery
Silvicultural Characters
Climate
Soil
Propagation
Nursery Management
Raising by Vegetative Methods
Planting
Silvicultural Practices
Manure and Fertilisers
Harvesting and Yield
Post Harvesting Handling and Storage
Diseases

NEEM

Botanical Characteristics
Home to the tree
Cultivation
Seeds
Nursery technique
Vegetative propagation
Plant multiplication through tissue culture
Mulching
Weeds and their control
Pests and their control
Diseases and their control
Management of trees
Growth of trees
Harvesting and Yield
Collection of fruits
Storage of Fruits
Deputping of fruits
Drying and storing of seeds
Decortication
Bark and leaves

POPLAR TREE

Introduction
Distribution
Morphology
Species
Soil and Climate
Growth Characteristics
Natural Regeneration
Plantation Technology
Pests and Diseases
Poplar in Agroforestery
Uses
Rotation

ROSEWOOD

Main Attributes
Morphology
Phenology
Distribution
Multiple Uses
Soil conservation and Agroforestery
Silvicultural Characters
Climate
Soil
Propagation
Nursery Management
Planting
Silvicultural Practices

RUBBER

Introduction
Climate
Soil
Botanical Description
Varieties
Propagation
Nursery Raising
Preparation of Planting Material
Planting Techiques
Preparation of Land
Drainage
Silt pits and Edakayyalas
Planting Distance
Pitting and Refilling
Planting
After care of Plantation
Cover Crop
Mulching
Manures and Fertilizers
Natritional Disorder of Rubber Plant
Weed Control
Pre emergent herbicides
Diseases
Control
Harvesting
Processing
By products of Rubber

SHISHAM/SISSOO

Main Attributes
Morphology
Phenology
Distribution
Multiple Uses
Soil Conservation and Agroforestery
Silvicultural Characters
Climate
Soil
Propagation
Nursery Management
Silviculture Practices
Plant Protection
Termites
Diseases

SUBABUL

Main Attributes
Morphology
Phenology
Good Characteristics of Subabul
Certain Constrains of Subabul
Distribution
Multiple Uses
Silvicultural and Agroforestery
Silvicultural Characters
Climate
Soil
Propagation
Nursery Management
Method of Sowing
Planting
Silvicultural Practices
Harvesting
Plant Protection

SIRIS

SANDAL

TEAK

Introduction
Distribution
Description
Ecological Requirements
Raising Seedlings
Planting into the Field
Wood Qualities
Usages

TAMRIND

Main Attributes
Morphology
Phenology
Distribution
Multiple Uses
Soil Conservation and Agroforestery
Silvicultural Characters
Climate
Varieties
Nursery Management
Method of Seed Sowing
Planting
Harvesting
Plant Protection Insect pests
Diseases

TAD

Main Attributes
Morphology
Phenology
Distribution
Multiple Uses
Medicinal Uses
Silvicultural Characters
Climate
Soil
Propagation
Silvicultural Practices
Harvesting
Plant Protection Measures
Insect Pests
Diseases

AMLA PLANTATION PROCESSING & PRESERVATION

Introduction
Rated Plant Capacity
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Material
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

BANANA PLANTATION

Introduction
Rated Plant Capacity
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Material
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

BANANA POWDER

Introduction
Rated Plant Capacity
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Material
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

CASHEW NUT SHELL LIQUID AND KERNEL PROCESSING

Introduction
Rated Plant Capacity
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Material
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

COCONUT PRODUCTS & BYE PRODUCTS PROCESSING COMPLEX (WET FRESH)

Introduction
Rated Plant Capacity
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Material
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

COST ESTIMATION ON COCONUT PLANTATION

Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Working Capital

EUCALYPTUS OIL

Introduction
Rated Plant Capacity
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Material
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

EUCALYPTUS TREE PLANTATION

Introduction
Land & Building
Farm Equipments
Fixed Capital
Raw Material
Total Capital Investment
Receipts in 6 years

FLORICULTURE (CUT FLOWER ROSE) WITH GREEN HOUSE TECHNOLOGY

Introduction
Capacity
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Material
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

FLORICULTURE GLADIOLUS WITH GREEN HOUSE TECHNOLOGY

Introduction
Plant Capacity
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Material
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

JATROPHA PLANTATION

Introduction
Plant capacity
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Material
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

ROSE OIL

Plant capacity
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Material
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

POPLAR PLANTATION

Introduction
Rated Palnt Capacity
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Material
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

NEEM OIL FROM SEEDS
Introduction
Plant capacity
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Material
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

NEEM PLANTATION, COMMERCIALISATION AND NEEM BASED PRODUCTS PREPARATIONS
Introduction
Plant capacity
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Material
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

RUBBER PLANTATION

Introduction
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Material
Total Capital Investment
Profitability Analysis

SUGAR CANE PLANTATION

Introduction
Plant capacity
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Material
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

TEAK PLANTATION

Introduction
Plant capacity
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Material
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

Engineers India Research Institute (EIRI) is a renowned name in the industrial world for offering technical and financial consultancy services.

EIRI services are:

Our most up-to-date and Technologically Advanced Industrial Project Reports, categorized with respect to Financial Outlays and Sector – wise Classification are immensely useful for :

The post Hand Book of TREE FARMING (Plantation, Management, Processing, Preservation, Project Profiles) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

HAND BOOK OF POULTRY FARMING AND FEED FORMULATIONS

EIRI Team — Wed, 19 Feb 2014 10:44:47 +0000

HAND BOOK OF POULTRY FARMING AND FEED FORMULATIONS

WHY POULTY FARMING ?

GENERAL ANATOMY OF POULTRY

Feathers of fowl
The Skin Skeletal System of Fowl
Muscular System
The respiratory system of fowl
The digestive system of fowl
Reproductive System
The Endocrine System

PRELIMINARY INFORMATIONS REGARDING POULTRY FARMING

Market
Availability and Selection of Day Old Chicks
Feed and Other Appliances
Drinking Water
Electric Supply
Selection of Site
House Management
Birds Management
Record Keeping
Technical Advise and Help

INVESTMENT PLANNING

Layer Farm
Broiler Farm

HOUSING REQUIREMENTS

Layer Housing
Broiler Farm

EQUIPMENTS NEEDED

Floor Brooders
Battery Brooder
Feeders
Waterers
Laying Nest
Miscellaneous Equipments

POULTRY BREEDING

Genetics in Brief
Inheritance of plumage in furkeys
Inheritance of quantitative characters
Systems of selection
Heritability
Selection Pressure
Selection Index
Breeding Methods
Pen mating
Flock Mating
Stud Mating
Shift system of mating
Artificial Insemination
Systems of Breeding in Poultry
A. System to increase homozygosity
Heterosis
Inheritance of Egg Production
Sexual Maturity
High intensity of lay (rate of lay)
Inheritance of Broodiness
Persistency
Winter pause
Facundity
Inheritance of characters related to Broiler Production
Growth rate
Feed Efficiency
Viability
Body conformation and skin colour
Feathering
Inheritance of Economic Traits in Turkeys
Breeding Plan for improvement of Turkeys
Inheritance of Economic traits in Ducks
Modern Method of Breeding
Recurrent Selection
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection
Poultry Breeding Research in India
Breeding Programme followed for layers
Commercial Broiler

POULTRY BROODING

Systems of Brooding
Hot room Brooding
Cold room Brooding
Location of Brooder House
Type of Brooders
Preparation of Brooder House to Receive Chicks
Brooder House Schedule upto 4 weeks of age
Brooding Requirements
Temperature
Ventilation
Humidity
Space
Equipments
Prevalent Management Programme
Chicks needed to start a farm
Jobs to be completed during brooding period
Vaccination
Debeaking
Coccidiosis control
Emergency during
Brooding Period
Preventing Starvation of turkey poults
Brooding of ducks

HOUSING AND EQUIPMENT

Location of a poultry Farm
Factors Influencing design of poultry houses
Temperature
Ventilation
Humidity
Requirement of floor space, feeders and waterers
Orientation of House
Light in poultry house
Poultry Houses
Hatchery
Brooder House
Advantages
Disadvantage
Processing Plant
Laying House
A small unit for 25 to 50 hens suitable for backyand (confined rearing) keeping
A Layer House for 1000 hens
Large size laying house
General Construction of laying house
Cage house
Common arrangement of cages
Breeding Pen
Equipment
Feeders
Waterers
Catching Equipments
Nests
Hatchery Equipment

FEED FORMULATIONS

Composition of Poultry Feeds
Nutrient Requirements of Birds
The Nutrient Composition of Feed Stuffs
Maximum level of Inclusion of feed Ingredients
Availability and cost of feed Ingredients
Methods of Formulating Rations
Square Method/Pearson Square Method
Trail & Error Method
Simultaneous Equation Method
The 2×2 Matrix Method
Computer Method
Linear Programming Package (LP88)
Procedure for use of Linear Programming (LP)
Selection of Computer Software and Hardware for Ration formulation
Steps in Feed Formulation
Diets for Various Classes of Chicken
Meat Type Chicken
Egg Type Chicken
Least Cost Formulation
Broller starter diets
Chick starter diets
Grower diets
Layer diets
Computerized Diets

DISEASE PREVENTION

Vaccination of Layer Chicks and Adults
Preventive Medication for Layers
Coccidiostat
Dewormer
Manage and Mites
Vaccination for Broliers
Preventive Medication for Broilers

ECONOMIC RAISING OF POULTRY (Broiler, Layer, Ducks, Quail and Turkey)

Broiler Farming
Layers Farming
Duck Farming
Choice of Breeds
Tips for General Care and Management
A tentative plan for setting up a duck farm for eggs of Khaki Campbell variety Capacity
1,000 birds
Nutrition and Feeding
Quail Farming
Tips of Management of Quail Rearing for Meat Purpose
Economic Aspects of Quail Rearing
Turkey Raising
Housing
Egg Production
Incubation
Brooding
Feeding
Diseases
Economics
Facilities for Farmers at CCS, HAU, Hisar

LIST OF MEDICINE, VACCINE AND NUTRIENT MANUFACTURERS

LIST OF POULTRY FEED MANUFACTURERS, DISTRIBUTOR AND SUPPLIERS

LIST OF IMPORTANT HATCHERIES

LIST OF EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS

LIST OF SOME IMPORTANT FORMULATION OF POULTRY FARMERS USE ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS

Antiobiotics
Sulpha Drugs
Nitro Furans

LIST OF ANTICOCCIDIALS

ANTICOCCIDIALS PREVENTIVE

LIST OF ANTIPARASITIC FORMULATIONS

LIST OF COMMON VACCINES USED FOR POULTRY AVAILABLE IN MARKET

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & EQUIPMENTS FOR POULTRY

PLANT ECONOMICS OF ANIMAL FEED

PLANT ECONOMICS OF BIO FERTILISERS FROM WASTE

PLANT ECONOMICS OF CHICKEN FARMING (HATCHERY)

PLANT ECONOMICS OF POULTRY & BROILER (HATCHERY) FARMING

PLANT ECONOMICS OF POULTRY FARMING

PLANT ECONOMICS OF POULTRY FEEDS

PLANT ECONOMICS OF POULTRY & BROILER FARMING

Engineers India Research Institute (EIRI) is a renowned name in the industrial world for offering technical
and financial consultancy services.

EIRI services are:

Financial Outlays and Sector – wise Classification are immensely useful for :

Sample Chapter

Before starting any enterprise, one must have to obtain some knowledge and gather preliminary informations for smooth take up. Central and State Government Agencies and Agricultural Universities of the states are imparting training of short durations which are very helpful for the beginners. Beside these agencies, private breeder, feed manufacturers and other
organisations dealing with poultry are also trying to disseminate informations through workshop, seminars, etc. Apart from these training, seminars and symposiums, one has to gather some basic informations for his own use as a
sound base. These can be discussed as follows:
(I) MARKET
What are the avenues to reach the consumers? A direct contact may not be feasible. If possible, it is itself a business and a busy farmer may not like to involve himself. The co-operatives which are coming up for the marketing of eggs and boilers are welcome development for the farmers.
The present contact system, although working somehow, may not be a favourable proposition for long duration. One has to note down what system is prevalent and what are under development. He has also to analyse the price fluctuations and their pertinent reasons to regulate his production and product distribution.
The market and the farm should be well communicated. They should not be only near and joined by metalled roads but telecommunication facilities, if available, can be utilized with benefits. Long distance dispatch of live broilers reduce their weight at the time of disposal and in case of eggs, damage percentage is increased substantially.
(II) AVAILABILITY AND SELECTION OF DAY OLD CHICKS
Whether one has to start a layer farm or broiler farm, he has to purchase day old chicks of high genetic potential. Both the body weight of broilers at 15 marketable age and egg production of laying birds, are genetic character of the chicks which cannot be substituted by any level of management and quality feeding. What are the hatcheries and what is their reputation in the area, where the farm is to be located? What are their terms of supply and how regular they are in their supply of chicks and services? Whether the parent stocks are Salmonella free and what vaccines they are using at the
time of supply of chicks? These are some of the informations one has to seek before and at the time of selecting chicks to begin with. These informations can be gathered from breeders and reliable farmers. Govt. of India conduct Random Sample Test for layers and broilers chicks in four agroclimatic zones (centres) to evaluate and compare the production
potential. Participation from private breeders and government agencies, is optional and not mandatory. The results of such test are published every year. Consultation of these results can substantiate the informations gathered through private breeders. Some addresses of private as well as Government hatcheries/breeders have been appended in the last chapter.
(III) FEED AND OTHER APPLIANCES
After deciding about the chicks, the next item to be considered is the availability of balanced feed. The feed cost is about 60 to 70 per cent of the total expenditure on poultry raising. Hence, any saving in feed cost or improvement in the conversion of feed to the product is bound to enhance the profit margin substantially. One can think and try to manufacture his own feed for his flock. But, feed compounding and manufacturing is itself an enterprise and broiler raisers or layers farmers should avoid to venture for it, if it is not absolutely essential. There is no alternative to fresh and well balanced compounded feed. If possible, its supply should be regular and direct from the factory to avoid mischieves from the contractors and to get fresh feed free from rancidity and fungi.
Several poultry appliances are required such as feeders, waters, brooders batteries, crates, etc. These can be locally manufactured or are available with certain manufacturers in the nearby cities. One should not go for the initial cost if the goods are of quality and are durable. The addresses of the feed manufacturers and agro industries supplying poultry appliances have also been appended.
(IV) DRINKING WATER
Although, the water supply involves little cost, but its importance cannot be ignored. Poultry require round-the-clock supply of water. The water quality affects the condition of birds and their production. The portable water used
for human consumption is of the best quality if the supply is regular and plentiful. The problem arises only when ground water has to be used. Such water must be tested in the water testing laboratory. The content of soluble salts, suspended microbes and other toxic constituents should be within the tolerance limit. The total soluble solids should be below 3,000 mg per liter of water.
(V) ELECTRIC SUPPLY
Electricity plays very crucial role in poultry farming. Chicks have to be raised under elevated temperatures (95 to 80°F) in the initial period of their life. Broiler require light for almost whole night for proper feeding and hence, their growth. The layers require a definite photo-period for initiation and maintenance of their production. In summer, one may require regular electric supply. While deciding the location of the farm, the electric supply has to be considered first.
(VI) SELECTION OF SITE
Any farmer has an option to go for better breed of chicks or brand

The post HAND BOOK OF POULTRY FARMING AND FEED FORMULATIONS appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Hand Book Of Organic Farming And Organic Foods With Vermi Composting & Neem Products

EIRI Team — Wed, 19 Feb 2014 10:26:32 +0000

HAND BOOK OF ORGANIC FARMING & ORGANIC FOODS WITH VERMI COMPOSTING AND NEEM PRODUCTS

Introduction

Organic Farming Principles and Concepts

Background
Nomenclature and Meaning
Natural Farming
Zero chemical farming
Bio dynamic farming
Humus farming
Compost farming
Sewage farming
Integrated farming
Mixed farming
Concepts and Principles
Principles of organic farming
Scope of Organic Farming
Advantages and Limitations of Organic Farming
Impact of Organic Farming on Production and Productivity
Availability of Organic sources of nutrients
Reduced yields

Cycle for Survival

Impact of Advanced Agricultural Technology Hazards
Adverse Effects of Agricultural Practices on the Farm
Soil Erosion
Water Availability
Salinization
Fertilizer and Pesticide Contamination
Genetic Erosion
Adverse Effects of Agricultural Practices
Away from the Farm
Soil Erosion
Fertilizer and Pesticide Contamination
Socio Economic Values
Economic and Political Issues
Environmental Accounting
Food Security
Sustainable Agriculture
Need of the Hour
Evolution of Sustanable Agriculture
Sustainable Livelihood
Other Eco-Friendly Farming Systems
Organic Farming
Biological Farming Nature Farming
Regenerative Agriculture
Permaculture
Alternate Agriculture
Ecological Agriculture
Ecological Farming Systems
Objectives of Ecological Farming
Prospects
Integrated Intensive Farming System (IIFS)
Low External Input Supply Agriculture (LEISA)
Low Input Agriculture
Criteria of LEISA
Ecological criteria
Economic criteria
Social criteria
Biodynamic Agriculture
Organic Farming vs.Biodynamic Farming
Principles of Biodynamic farming
Ruyles for using Biodynamic Agriculture
Few Biodynamic Preparations
Research Achievements in Biodynamic Farming
Permaculture Farming
Meaning and Objectives of Permaculture Farming
The Elements of the Permaculture farming system
Organic Agriculture System
The Major Aims of Organic Farming
Goncepts of Organic Farming
Difference Between Organic and Conventional Farming
History of Organic Farming
Needs of Organic Farming
Needs for Organic Inputs
Increasing Demand of Organic Foods

Organic Farming

Management of Autonomous Ecosystem
Mixed Farming
Plants
Animals
Soils
Biosphere
Crop Rotation
Benefits of crop diversification
Organic Cycle Optimization
In partnership with Nature
Basic Standards and General Principles for Organic Agriculture
Crop and Soil Management
Choice of Crops and Varieties
Crop Rotation
Fertilization Policy
Management of Pests, Diseases and Weeds
Wild Products
Pollution Control
Soil and Water Conservation
Landscape
Principle Requirements and Pre Conditions
Conversion from Conventional To Organic Farming
Farms with Plant Production and Livestock
Limitations
Initiating Organic Farming
Medicinal Plants -the First Crops for Organic Farming
Management to Premaculture Farm
Permaculture Farm
Use of Draft Animal
Making Permanent Farm
Conservation of Soil
Protection of the Soil against Fires
Protection farm Water Erosion
Protection from Wind Erosion
Protection from Wind Erosion
Improvement of the Soil
How to bury Organic Matter
Mixed Cropping
Permaculture for Wastelands
Soil and water conservation
Pioneers
Pioneer trees and plants
Secondary species

Soil Environment And Plant Growth

Mineral Vs Organic Soils
Soil Factors for Plant Growth
Soil Fertility
Soil Productivity
Essential Plant Nutrients
Soil and Root Environment
Soil Texture
Soil Separate Sizes
Soil Textural Classes
Soil structure Classes
Structureless
Soil Porosity and Permeability
Soil Air
Composition of Soil Air
Soil Strength
Soil Color
Soil Temperature
Soil Water
Other Soil Physical Properties
Tilth
Soil Colloids and Chemical Properties
Organic colloids (Humus)
Cation Exchange
The Soil Reaction (pH)
Origin of Organic Soils
Soil Biology and Ecology
Soil Formation
Changes During Soil Formation
Physical Weathering
Climate and Soil Formation
Biota and Soil Formation
Topography and soil Formation
Time and Soil Formation
Interactions of Soil Foming Factors
Soil Taxonomy

Soil Organic Matter and Humus

Interaction Between Soil Biota, Soil Organic Matter and soil Structure
Fungal and Bacterial Pathways of Organic Matter Decomposition and Nitrogen Mineralization in Arable Soils
Soil structure and Soil Organic Matter Storage
Microbial Influence
Food Web in Soil
Formation Mechanisms of Complex Organic Sructures in Soil Habitates
Organisms Involved in Organic Matter Formation
Chemohetertrophic animals
Saprophytic Bacteria fungi and protozoa
Oxidoreductive enzymes
synthetic Reactions in Soil
Degradative Processes
Types of Plant Material for Decomposition
The pathway of lignin decomposition
Microorganims for Lignin biodegradation
Acquired stability
Synthetic Processes for Humus Formation
The Role of Oxidative Coupling in Humus Formation
Theories of Humus Formation
Modern theories of humification
Nutrient Dynamics
Environmental Regulation of Organic Matter Management
Methods of Organic Matter Recycling
In situe manuring
Ex-situ manuring
Biological Manuring

In-Situe Manuring

In-Situe Manuring by Animal
The System
Advantages
Limitations
Varification of Farmers
Experiences
Sustainability
Prospects
Insitu Manuring with Plants (Green Manures)
Benefits of Using Green Manures
Enhance soil fertility
Supplement for nutrients
Improved soil structure
Prevention of soil erosion
Weed control
Method of Use
Green Manuring in Situ
Green Leaf Manuring
Place in Farming System
Green manures in rotation
Green manures and undersowing
Long term green manures
Green manures as mulch
Green manures in agroforestry
Management of Green Manuring
Time of sowing and seed rate
Seed treatment
Stem cuttings
Mixed cropping
Inter cropping
Border planting
Phosphorus response
Digging in green manures
The Choice of Green Manure
Other Important Considerations
Achieving sustainability in the use of green manures
Sustainability
Experiences worldwide

Ex-Situ Manuring

Available Potential of Organic Materials for Ex-stu Manuring
Organic Resources and Potential
Livestock and Human wastes
Crop residues, tree wastes and aquatic weeds
Urban and rural wastes
Agro industries by products
Marine wastes
Agricultural Waste
Crop Residues
Agro Industrial Wastes
Rice husk
Bagasse
Pressmud
Tea wastes
Coir waste
Characteristics of Agricultural Wastes
Phosphorus
pH
Bio Plant Growth Promoters
Livestock wastes
Type of Production Unit
Species and Age of Animal
Other Factors
Beel Cattle
Slotted Floors
Dairy Cattle
Utilization of Agricultural Organic Waste
Recycling of organic materials for fertilization
Direct incorporation of organic materials in the soil
Organic Mulch
Concentrated Organic Manures
Aquatic Weeds
Aquatic Weeds as Source of Energy
Aquatic Weeds as Organic Manures
Oilcakes
How to Use Oilcakes
Cattle Pig and Poultry Manures
Poultry
Litter Grown
Cage Grown
Meat meal
Bloodmeal
Fishmeal
Horn-and -hoofmeal
Collection and Storage of organic waste
Economic Value of Organic Waste
Availability of Organic Waste in India
Processing of Agriculture Waste

Production of Compost

Composting
Importance of Composting
Maximizing the Nutrients availability form Agrients availability form Agricultural Compost
Effect on Soil and Crop
Method of spreading compost
Rate of Application
Time of Application
Classification of Composting
Oxygen Availability
Aerobic composting
Anaerobic composting
Temperature
Method of Operation
Enclosed digester
Window composting
Kinefics of composting
Biochemistry
Carbon Nitrogen Balance
Ideal C.N.Ratio in Heap
Moisture Content
Ingredients to Avoid
Paratoxics
Temperature
Oxygen Availability
pH
Microbes Involved in composting
Activators of Biodegradation
Design Criteria
Type and Amount of compost
The Climate
Availability of Land

Sample Chapter

The word ‘Organic’ means origin from a living thing and farming with the philosophy of Organic is to make production system alive with long life. It is not just to replace fertilizers and pesticide with manure and predators but it is an ongoing
dynamic process for making healthy soil, and ultimately a vital living system of the world.
Organic farming is similar to the other sustainable farming systems e.g. permaculture, eco-farming etc., which are based on hormony with nature or near to nature approach. The only distinguishing character is the certification of production in organic farming. Certifiction is a procedure in which certain rules and regulation have to be followed. This is necessary to obtain certificate from recognized agency. This agency certify that the product is produced strictly with organic methods.
In this handbook almost all the aspects related organic farming are covered with a balanced approach. The author demonstrates the newness of the organic concept for readers. This will help the readers to discover easily the philosophical and technical differences between organic and conventional (synthetic input dependent) farming systems.

Organic farming might replace the chemical farming in coming years, more as an inevitable measure than as any new practice to boost the agricultural production. Though organic farming is indeed conceptually not new, a fresh look on the principles of organic farming might be necessary to respond to some basic questions such as :
1. Can organic farming sustain the present level of agricultural production?
2. Can organic farming be followed in every part of the world having different agro-climatic situations?
3. In what all ways the organic farming can be practiced?
4. Is it possible to replenish the nutrients removed by the crops through organic farming, especially in the perspective of largescale uptake of nutrients of present day hybrids and varieties.
5. Is it possible to increase the production level to meet the demands of ever increasing population?
Many more new ideas/products/systems are included in the concepts of organic farming, besides, the original idea of use of organic manure. For example, the use of neem in various ways to control the pests; the use of many plant extracts for control of pests/diseases; the use of bio-fertilizers etc. The use of organic materials of different origins in various manners
compatible with the requisites of a given eco-system to replace the agrochemicals partially or fully without affecting the sustainability of production should be the goal set for future years.
The organic farming is not a practice like fertilizer usage or irrigation. In its real perspective, organic farming is a philosophy by itself. Organic farming is bound to have far reaching consequences. It is expected to influence
every aspect of rural and urban life, besides, agriculture. Organic farming is not only aimed at maintaining the sustainable agricultural production but is expected to drastically change the economics of growing the crops, to substantially reduce the pollution as well as encourage the mixed farming in steep diversion from the present day agriculture of crop husbandry isolated from the total scenario of rural life. The organic farming is aimed at increasing the agricultural production, without losing a close co-ordination existing between crop husbandry with animal husbandry, soil health and other aspectsof rural life.
The continuous and indiscriminate use of agro-chemicals has not only polluted our eco-systems and created great hazards to human and animal health, but also spoiled the whole agricultural production system. Fertilizers
and pesticides have indeed done their job of increasing the yields and protecting the crops against pests by costing us the basic medium of agricultural production. Before agro chemicals were introduced, the soil had bremained as a dynamic living medium of not only supply but production of plant nutrients. As it had self-sustained capacity to produce the nutrients, its fertility status was maintained for centuries. The present problems of sustainability have arisen only after the advent of large scale use of agrochemicals.
Similarly, the crops had their natural system of resistance to pests. The pests had natural enemies such as redators/parasites. The whole system was running on a delicately balanced natural equilibrium of nutrient cycles, natural balance among predators – parasites – pests and an in built resistance mechanism in the plant species. The large-scale use of agrochemicals has upset such a natural equilibrium in more than one way.
The nutrient cycles involved in the natural production and supply of nutrients are affected by artificial supply of ready to use nutrients. This can be justified as follows:
In a conspicuous contrast with the use of organic manures in traditional system, the modern method of supplying fertilizers provided the large scale artificial supply of macro-nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) changing
the natural balance between these nutrients and carbon and nitrogen cycles in the soil. This has certainly deteriorated the position of in situ production of nutrients, as the microbial activity promoting the bio-chemical processes
can continue only in the presence of carbon containing organic materials. When major nutrients are directly supplied in utilizable form, there is no scope for decomposition and microbial activity in the soil.
As the availability of some nutrients is dependent upon the saturation of other nutrients, supply of one nutrient sets imbalance in availability of other nutrients. For example, the availability of potassium increases when the
nitrogen is supplied in adequate quantity. A soil saturated with calcium can induce the potassium deficiency, though potassium is present in the soil because of the preferential adsorption of the divalent calcium than monovalent
potassium.
The availability of micronutrients is dependent upon the saturation of soil with macronutrients. The boron availability is reported to be depressed if the soil has excess of magnesium. The zinc availability is limited in” presence of excess phosphorous.
The supply of fertilizers such as super phosphate is reported to reduce the soil pH, which in turn results in poorer availability of some nutrients such as zinc due to antagonism.
Large scale use of fertilizers has carried along with them huge quantities of filler/inert material. While supplying 2353 thousand tones of super phosphate during 1993-94, Indian farmers have added 1912 thousand tones of filler
material to the soil. As the Indian fertilizer consumption is to the tune of 17.4 million tones (2001-02) the amount of filler material added every year is expected to be substantial to cause impairment in the soil chemical reaction.
In the Indian context, the fertilizer Control Order, 1957 is silent about the composition of the filler material.
The filler material is supposed to be inert. But it must contain some chemical and such a large quantity of filler material added every year to the soil is bound to create imbalance in the nutrient availability patterns. The most popular filler used is talc, which is claimed to be inert. But it contains large quantity of calcium, which plays a decisive role in making potassium unavailable to the crops.
Many more examples of disruption of natural process of nutrient cycles can be quoted. Reduced nodulation in pulses, reduced organic matter status of soils, increased fixation of phosphorus and potassium, induced deficiencies
of micro nutrients etc., are all due to disruption of natural process of nutrient production and their availability.
Similarly, the control of pests had its own natural equilibrium. Most species of the crops had their natural resistance built in their genetic make up. As the crops and their varieties were introduced from one country to other for increasing the agricultural production through genetic homogeneity, they developed susceptibility to the pests and diseases in the new situations.

The post Hand Book Of Organic Farming And Organic Foods With Vermi Composting & Neem Products appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

HAND BOOK OF MUSHROOM CULTIVATION, PROCESSING AND PACKAGING (Dehydration, Preservation, Canning)

EIRI Team — Mon, 17 Feb 2014 06:13:35 +0000

HAND BOOK OF MUSHROOM CULTIVATION, PROCESSING AND PACKAGING

INTRODUCTION

Background to Mushroom Cultivation
Importance of Mushroom Cultivation in the Tropics
Mushrooms as a Source of Protein and other Food Nutrients
Medicinal Properties of Mushrooms
The Use of Agricultural Wastes in Mushroom Cultivation
The Labor Intensive Nature of Mushroom Growing and its Employment Potential
Absence of Crop Competition in Mushroom Cultivation
The Requirement for Mushroom Research and Development

BIOLOGY OF THE MUSHROOM

Life Cycle and Classification
Identification of Mushroom
Edible and Poisonous Mushroom
Mushroom Genetics and Breeding
Line Improvement
By Solection
By Hybridization or Crossbreeding
Specific Techniques or Methods in Development New Lines
Selection from Multispore Culture
Simule Mixing
Cross Breeding

FOOD VALUE OF MUSHROOMS

Protein
Vitamins
Minerals
Carbohydrates and Fats
Energy Value of Mushrooms

USES OF MUSHROOMS

CULTIVATION OF WHITE BUTTON MUSHROOM (AGARICUS BISPORUS)

Temperature
Moisture
Ventilation
Good Spawn
Suitable Growing Space
Compost and Methods of Composting
Nature and Quality of the Basic Material
Organic and Inorganic Supplements
Management of the Compost During Composting
A Compost Fermentation Method by Means of Forced Air Circulation
Mechanical Composting
Spawn and Methods of Spawning
Advantages of Grain Spawn
Disadvantages of Grain Spawn
Methods of Preparation of Grain Spawn
Factors Determining the Amount of Spawn Needed
Method of Spawning
Storage of Spawn
Casing
Chemical Sterilisation
Time of Casing
Cropping and Harvesting
Diseases
Soft Mildew or Cobweb (Dactylium Dendroides)
(Papulospora Byssina)
White Plaster Mould (Scopulariopsis Fumicola)
Olive Green Mould (Chaetomium Olivacearum)
Green Mould (Trichoderma Viride)
Truffle Disease (Pseudobalsamia Microspora)
Bubble Disease (Mycogone Perniciosa)
Dry Bubble, Brown Spot Disease (Verticillium Mathousel or V.Psiallistae)
Bacterial Blotch (Pseudomonas Tolaassi)
Virus Diseases
Insect Pests
Sciarids
Phorids
Spring Tails
Cecid
Mites
Nematodes
Control
Abnormalities of Mushrooms
Open Mushrooms
Preservation
Storage in Fresh Conditions
Controlled Atmosphere
Preservation by Gamma Radiation
Freeze Drying
Steeping Preservation
Dehydration of Mushrooms
Canning of Mushroom
Do's and Don'ts of Mushroom Growing
Mushroom Farm Design
Construction and Insulation
Peak Heating Chamber/ Bulk Chamber/funnel
Initial Consideration/Work Plan
Casing Pasteurization Chamber
Economically Viable Commercial Button Mushroom Unit

CULTIVATION OF AGARICUS BITORQUIS

Harvesting
False Truffle (Diehliomyces Microspora)
Bacterial Blotch and pests

CULTIVATION OF PADDY STRAW MUSHROOM (VOLVARIELLA spp)

Diseases and Pests
Preservation
Canning
Economics of Production of Paddy Straw Mushroom (Information Collected from Seasonal Grower)

CULTIVATION OF PLEUROTUS spp.

Method of Cultivation
Preparation of Spawn
Cultivation
Economics of Pleurotus
Cultivation in Hills on a Small Scale (with Hot Water Treatment)

COMMON EDIBLE MUSHROOMS OF INDIA

Agricus Bisporus (Lange) Sing
Agaricus Campestris L.exFr.
Agrocybe Praecox (Bull. ex st. Amans Fayod)
Amanita Caesaria (Scop. ex.fr.) Pres. ex Schw
Amanita Vaginata (Bull.exFr) Vitt.
Armillaria Mellea
Bovista Plumbea Pers
Calvatia Cyathiformis (Bose) Morg
Calvatia Utriformis (Bull. ex Pers) Toap
Cantharellus Cibarius Fr.
Coprinus Atramentarius (Bull ex Fr.) Fr.
Coprinus (Mill ex Fr.) S.F.Gray
Coprinus micaceus (Bull.ex.Fr.) Fr.
Flammulina Velutipes (Curt.ex.Fr.) Karst.
Heterobasidion Annosum (Fr.) Br.
Himeola Auricular Judad (Bull.pet St. Amans) Berk
Hydnum Sepandum L.ex.Fr.
Laccaria Laccata (Scop ex Fr.) Cook
Lactiporus Sulphureus (Bull. ex Fr.) Muff
Leucocoprinus Cepaestipes (Sow.ex Fr.) Patouillard
Lycoperdon Perlatum Pers
Lycoperdon Pyriformin Pers.
Macroiepiota Mostoidea (Fr.) Singer
Macrolepiota Procera (Scop. ex. Fr.) Sing
Macrolepiota Procera (Scop. ex Fr.) Singer
Morchella Deliciosa Fr.
Morechella Esculenta ex St. Amans.
Pleurotus Flablellatus (Berk and Br.) Sacc.
Pleurotus Ostreatus (Jacquin ex. Fr.) Kummer
Pleurotus Sajor Caju (Fr.) Singer
Podabrella Microcarpa
Psathyrella Hydrophilum (Bull.ex Merat)
Rigidoporus (Sow or Fr.) Imaz.
Russula Emetica (Schaeff ex.Fr.) S.F.Gray
Russula Lipida Fr.

DELICIOUS RECIPES OF MUSHROOM

Stuffed Potatoes
Mushrooms on Toast
Mushroom Soup
Mushroom Pakoras
Mushroom Pulao
Mushroom Pickle
Mushroom Pickle
Mushrooms and Peas
Variation
Mushrooms and Paneer
Mushroom Samosa
Liver with Mushroom

LABORATORY ASPECTS (PURE CULTURE AND SPAWN PREPARATION)

Loyout and Equipment of a Mushroom Laboratory
Culture Media Preparaton (Plate 1)
Procedure
Serilization
How to use a Pressure Cooker (Sterilization by Pressure)
How to use a Steamer
Slanting the Bottles and/or Pouring on Petri Dishes
Culture of the Fungus
Preparation of Materials
Inoculation in a Sterile Room
Tissue Culture (Plate 2)
Subcultures from other Laboratories
Propagation or Multiplication
Detection of Mutation or Degeneration
Preservation and Storage of Mycelium (Plate 3)
Simple Laboratory Facilities
Cryogenic Containers
Spawn Preparation (Plate 4)
Spawn Substrates
Preparation of Mother Spawn
Preparation of the Substrate
Inoculation of Mother Spawn Substrate with Agar Plugs
Incubation
Preparation of the Planting Spawn (Plate 5)
Used Tea Leaves
Ipil Ipil Leaves and Sawdust
Cotton Waste
Rice Straw
Lotus Seed Shells and Manure
Maintenance of Spawn Quality
Spawn Quantities
Quality Control Procedures for Spawn Handling by Growers
Notes on Commercial Spawn Preparation

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CONDITIONING MUSHROOM GROWTH

Light
Temperature
Water Relations
Carbon Dioxide

PICKING, GRADING AND PACKING

Partical Hints (Based on Many Years Back)

INSECTS AND PESTS

Flies
Sciarid Files
Phorid Flies
Cecid Flies
Mites
Springtails
Namatodes (eetworms)

CULTIVATION OF OYSTER MUSHROOM

Substrates Preparation
Filling and Spawing
Cropping and Management
Precautions

CULTIVATION OF PADDY STRAW MUSHROOM

Open Air Cultivation
Fruiting and Harvesting
Indoor Cultivation
Substrate
Mushroom House
Composting Phase 1 (Outdoor)
Phase II (Indoor Composting)
Spawing and Cropping
Harvesting
Yield

MUSHROOM PRESERVATION AND PROCESSING

Short-Term Storage
Long Term Storage
Canning
Drying

REQUIREMENTS OF A PROJECT ON MUSHROOM FOR EXPORT

Land
Mushroom House
Composting Unit
Cannery
Water Supply System
Power Supply
Miscellaneous Facilities
Plant and Machinery
Office Equipments
Raw Materials
Skilled Manpower
Source of Technology
Estimated Cost
Project Yield
Sale Price
Projected Benefit
Marketing Strategy
Fresh Mushroom
Financial Analysis
Financial Assistance
Margin Money
Cost of Land
Interest Rate
Scale Relinance
Security
Repayment
Major Exporters of Canned Button Mushroom
Major Importers of Canned Button Mushroom
Production Technology
Spawn Production/Procurement
Compost Preparation
Spawing and Spawn Running
Casing
Fructification
Environment Control
Pest and Disease Control
Harvesting, Grading and Storage
Mechanisation
Computer, Control
Yield
Processing Technology
Project Cost
Plant and Machinery
Working Capital Requirement
Summary of Recuring Expenditure (At Full Capacity)
Cost of Raw Materials and packaging at Full Capacity
Estimated Cost of Electricity/Fuel Consumption
Projected Production and Sales
Financial Rate of Return
Flow Chart for Canning Button Mushroom Cleaning and Washing
Sources of Spawn

MARKETING OF MUSHROOMS

Marketing Channels
Time of Sale
Grading
Packing
Transportation
Marketing cost and Margins
Processing of Mushrooms
Economics of Pickling

PLANT ECONOMICS OF MUSHROOMS