TECHNOLOGY OF FABRIC MANUFACTURE

Warp Size and Desizing
Sources of Sizing Compounds
Starch
Starches Used as Textile size
Chemical Constitution
Starch Solutions
Retrograding
Modified Starch
Thin Boiling Starch
Dextrin
British Gum
Oxidized Starch
Starch Ethers
Desizing Starch
Enzyme Desizing
Amylase
Effect of Temperature, pH and Electrolytes on Enzymatic Desizing
Desizing with Acids
Desizing with Oxidizing Agents
Test for Starch
Typical Procedures
Synthesis
Advantages and Disadvantages over starch
Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)
Synthesis of Polyvinyl Alcohol
Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate
Hydrolysis to Polyvinyl Alcohol
Manufacturing Process
Solution Properties
Grades of PVA Available as Textile Size
Film Properties
Desizing PVA
Effect of heat Setting on Removal of PVA
Dehydration of PVA
Size Recovery
Acrylic Sizes
Polyacrylic Acid
Synthesis of Polyacrylic Acid
Desizing Polyacrylic Acid
Acrylic Acid Co-Polymers
Effect of heat Setting on Removal
Anhydride Formation
Polyester Resin Sizes
Other Additives

AGENTS FOR TEXTILE PRINTING BINDERS

Acrylate binder
Polyurethane binder
Thickener solution
Emulsifier L
Emulsifier VA
Emulsifier WN
Acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymer dispersion
Acramin Navyblue FBC
Polyisocyanate
Comparison 1: Oil-in-water emulsion print
Testing method
Brush washing test
Examples
Printing from aqueous dispersion

SCOURING

Composition of Natural Fibers
Chemistry of Oils, Fats and Waxes
Fats
Triglycerides
Hydrolysis of Triglycerides
Acid Hydrolysis
Saponification
Fatty Acids
Sources
Vegetable Sources
Saturated Fatty  Acids
Castor Oil
Coconut Oil
Corn Oil
Cottonseed Oil
Olive Oil
Palm Oil
Linseed Oil
Tall Oil
Japan Wax
Animal Sources
Tallow
Lard
Whale Oil
Chemical Wax
Fatty Alcohols
Sources of Fatty Alcohols
Mineral Wax
Paraffin
Microcrystalline Wax
Synthetic Wax
Fatty Acids
Fatty Alcohols
Polyethylene Glycols
PEG Esters
Solvent Scouring
Merits and Demerits
Common Solvents
Solvent Properties
Non-flammable Solvents
Aqueous Scouring
Typical Formulation for Scouring Specific Fibers
Cotton
Batch Scouring Procedure
Continuous Scouring Procedure
Wool Raw Stock Scouring
Silk
Blends
Test for Effective Scouring
AATCC Test Method Number 79
Water as a Raw Material
Water Softening
Lime Soda Process
Cation Exchange
Sequestration or Chelation
Classes of Sequestering Agents
Polyphosphates
Formation of Polyphosphates
Important Polyphosphates
Advantages of Inorganic Phosphates
Organophosphonic Acids
Advantages and Disadvantages
Aminocarboxylic Acids
Advantages and Disadvantages
Hydroxycarboxylic Acids
Advantages and Disadvantages
Formation of Complexes
Formation Constant

SURFACTANTS

What do they do?
How do they work?
Penetrating and wetting fabric
Loosening and emulsifying soils
Examples
Builders
What do they do?
How do they work?
Examples
Alkalis
What do they do?
How do they work?
Examples
Anti redeposition agents
What do they do?
How do they work?
Examples
Enzymes
How do they work?
Stain removal
Colour and fabric care
Examples
Active Oxygen bleaches
What do they do?
How do they work?
Examples
Antimicrobial Agents
What do they do?
How do they work?
Examples
Fabric Softeners
What do they do?
How do they work?
Optical Brighteners
What do they do?
How do they work?
Examples
Preservatives
What do they do?
How do they work?
Examples
Hydrotropes
What do they do?
How do they work?
Examples
Processing Aids
What do they do?
How do they work?
Foam Regulators
What do they do?
Examples
Corrosion Inhibitors
What do they do?
How do they  work?
Examples
Physical Chemistry of Surfactant Solutions
Surface Tension
Critical Micelle Concentration
Classification of Surfactants
By Use
Wetting Agents
Detergents
Emulsifying Agents
Dispersing Agents
By Ionic Charge
Nonionic Surfactants
Ethoxylates
Water Solubility of Ethoxylated Nonylphenol
Cloud Point
Hydrophilic Lyophilic Balance (HLB)
Structure of Ethoxylated Nonylphenol
Effect of Ethylene Oxide on Solubility Balance
Performance
A Wetting Times
Detergency
Anionic Surfactans
Chemical Classification of Anionic Surfactants
Cationic

SURFACE-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AS BASIC COMPONENTS

Anionic Surfactants
Catonic Surfactants
Zwitterionic (Amphoteric) Surfactants
Nonionic Surfactants
Technology of Surface-active compounds
Examples
Block polymer (component (a)
Alkylphenol/aldehyde resin (component (b)
Product according to the method

THICKENING AGENT FOR TEXTILE MATERIAL

Preparation of Soybean Hemicellulose
Examples
Printing Test

THICKENING AGENT BASED ON TAMARIND SEED GUM

Technology
Materials
Manufacturng of tamarind kernel powder
Determination of chemical composition
Preparation of thickening agent
Preparation of printing pastes
Printing procedure
Colour strength and fastness properties
Results and discussion
Characterization of tamarind kernel powder
Effect of disperse printing on colour value
Effect of printing on fastness properties
Effect of printing on fastness properties

ALOE VERA GEL BASED THICKENING AGENT

Experimental
Materials
Substrates
Thickening Agents
Dyes
Auxiliaries and chemicals
Methods
Printing pastes
Printing procedure
Testing
Results and discussion
Thickener concentration
Effect of urea concentration
Citric acid concentration
Super heated steam flxation temperature
Steam fixation time
Effect of storage time
Effect of type of dyestuff and thickening agent
Effect of the type of substrate

BLEACHING

Chemistry of Bleaching with Green Oxidation
Oxidation
Peroxide Activator Catalysis
Motivation
Challenges for Peroxide Bleaching
Applications
Common Bleaching Agents
Sodium Hypochlorite
Bleaching Mechanism
Effect of pH
Effect of Time and Temperature
Effect of Metals
Antichlor
Uses
Typical batch procedure
Hydrogen peroxide
Mechanism
Effect of pH
Effect of Time and Temperature
Stabilizers
Sodium Silicates
Organic Stabilizers
Phosphates
Uses
Bleaching Procedures
Sodium Chlorite (NaClO2)
Effect of pH
Bleaching Mechanism
Effect of Temperature
Other Oxidative Bleaches
Persulfates
Perborates and Percarbonates
Peracetic Acid
Reductive bleaches
Sulfur Dioxide
Sodium Dithionate (Sodium Hydrosulfite)
Test for Degree of Bleaching
Whiteness
Fluidity

BLEACHING OF WOOL

Experimental
Materials
Procedures
Scouring
Hydrogen peroxide bleaching
Sodium borohydride bleaching
Testing and  measurements
Result and Discussion
Hydrogen peroxide bleachng results
Effect of SBH concentration on bleaching of wool
Effect of SBS concentration on bleaching of wool
Effect of bleaching temperature on whiteness and alkali solubility
Effect of bleaching pH on whiteness and alkali solubility
Effect of bleaching time on whiteness and alkali solubility
Yellowing tendency of wool after bleaching
Denim bleach effect
Tradition chemical process
Limitations
Enzymatic bleaching effect on denim

LACCASES FOR DENIM BLEACHING

Laccases in Denim Bleaching

CATIONIC FIXING AGENTS

Experimental
Fabric
Dyes
Cationic Fixing Agents
Detergents
Dyeing
Direct dyeing of Cotton samples
Reactive Dyeing of Cotton Samples
Wash Fastness Testing
Color Measurement
Visual Assessment
Discussion about technology
Colorant Loss
Comparison of Detergents
Comparison of Cationic Materials
Mechanism

TREATMENT OF TEXTILE WASTEWATER

Textile Wastewater Characteristics
Advanced Oxidation process (AOPS)
Ultraviolet Lamp
Ozone
O3/UVH2O2/UV
O3/H2O2 (Peroxone)
O2/H2O2/UV

OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS

Stilbene Type OBA
Chemistry of optical brighteners and uses in textile industries
History of OBA
Direct(Substantive) Brightner
Disperse Brightner
Optical Brightners and its mechanism
Properties
Whitness and Brightness
Light Fastness
Washing Fastness
Metameric Effect of OBA
Other processes
Mercerizing

PLANT FIBRES FOR TEXTILES

Plant fibres
Morphology of  lignocellulosic fibres
Fibre structure
Conventional plant fibres
Seed fibres
Cotton
Kapok
Bast fibres
Flax 224
Jute225
Hemp
Ramie
Kenaf
Leaf fibres
Sizal
Abaca
Henequen
Non-conventional plant fibres
Fibres from corn stover
Wheat straw fibres
Fibres from hop stems
Banana, sugarcane bagasse and sponge gourd fibers
Bamboo fibres
Quinoa fibres
Grass fibres
Alfa or esparto fibres
Sea grass-Zostera marina
Applications of non conventional cellulose fibres

EXTRACTION OF PLANT DYES

Colour in textiles
Dyes
Natural dyes
Plant dyes
Animal dyes
Synthetic dyes
Characteristics of natural dyes
Mordants
Extraction of Dyes from Identified Plants
Materials and methods used for the dye extraction
Materials
Method

DYEING WITH DISPERSE DYES

Disperse dyes
Classification
Azo disperse dyes
Anthraquinone disperse dyes
Other disperse dye classes
Constitution and fastness properties
Fastness to wet treatment
Fastness to dry heat
Fastness to light
Hydrophobic fibres
Polyester fibres
Properties of polyester fibres
Physical properties
Chemical properties
Acetate fibres
Properties of acetate fibres
Physical properties
Chemical properties
Disperse dyeing
Basic principle
The effects of variations in disperse dyeing
Crystal form of the disperse dyes
Dispersing agent
Particle size in dispersion of the dyes
pH of dyebath
Substantivity of disperse dyes
Temperature
Fibre fineness
Recent requirements in disperse dyeing technology
Main methods of disperse dyeing
Carrier dyeing
High temperature dyeing
Adsorption phase
Diffusion phase
Cleaning phase
Thermosol process
Dyeing Polyester with Disperse Dyes
Immersion dyeing polyester
Novel forms of disperse dyes
Crayons
Stamp pad Ink

WOOL DYEING AND SILK FIBRES

Background
Fibres
Comparing Wool and Silk
Morphology of Wool
Micro Structure of Wool
Macro Structure of Wool
Morphology of Silk
Comparison Between Spider Silk and Silk from Silkworm

CONDUCTIVE POLYELECTROLYTES

Electrical Properties
Optical Properties
Absorption and Emission
Relationship Between Absorption Spectrum and Electrical Conductivity
Wool and Silk Dyeing
Dyeing Dependence on Morphology of Fibre
Wool Scouring
Silk Degumming
Industrial Acid Dyeing of Wool
Industrial Acid Dyeing of Silk
Auxiliaries Use for Industrial Acid Dyeing
Continuous and Exhaust Dyeing Method
Dyeing of Wool and Silk Fibre with PEDOT-S
Experimental
Materials and Chemicals
Materials
Chemicals
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) Non ionic detergent (lavolan DSU)
Fibres and Yarns
Methods
Scouring of Wool
Degumming of Silk
dyeing Method
Conductive Polymer combined with Silk fibers for Biomedical Electrodes

FIBRES CONDUCTANCE ANALYSIS

pH Determination
Optical Microscopy
Determination of Mechanical properties
Results and Discussion
Optical Microscopy
Mechanical Properties
Electrical Conductivity of dyed Silk and Wool Fibres and Yarns
Error Estimation
Proposed Model of Supramolecular Assembly of PEDOT-S onto  wol and Silk at Very Low pH

DEPENDENCE OF CONFORMATIONAL STATE OF POLYELECTROLYTE ON PH

pH of the Bath in Acid Dyeing
Conformational States of Macromolecules at Different pH
Supra Molecular Reaction of PEDOT-S and Protein Fibres

PLANT ECONOMICS OF DETERGENT PASTE (TEXTILE GRADE)

Formulation of Detergent Paste (Textile Grade)
40% Detergent Paste
20% Detergent Paste
Plant and machinery
Fixed capital
Raw materials
Total working capital/month
Total capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF DISPERSANT FOR TEXTILES
Process of manufacturing
Ethoxylation
Reactor
Textile dispersant (fatty acid based) dispersol)
Fatty Alcohol Polyethylene Oxide Condensate
Condensate
Formulations
Procedures (as per Formulation)
Plant economics
Plant & Machinery

Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total working capital/month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

LIST OF FORMULATIONS OF PRINTING INK

Lemon Yellow Printing Ink
Jobbing Black Ink
Colour Ink (Blue)
Super Gloss Ink (Blue)
Medium Quality Prints (Blue)
Cheap Quality Black Ink

PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION OF THE FORMULATIONS

Examples
Preparation of the seed latex
Preparation of the DAAM latex(WEB011)
Synthesis of a control binder emulsion Preparation of the DAAM free latex (WEBM016)

ANTI CREASE FORMULATIONS

Examples
Application Examples

AUXILIARY FOR TEXTILE WET FINISHING FORMULATIN

ANTI MICROBIAL AND ANTI CREASE FORMULATION

Examples
Evaluation of fabric properties
Tearing strength
Crease recovery
Advantages

CREASE AND WRINKLE PROOFING CELLULOSIC TEXTILE FORMULATION

Examples

FORMULATION FOR DIQUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS AS TEXTILE FINISHING AGENTS

Procedures for the preparation of dialkylaminoalkylbehenic acid amides or esters
Application examples

GARMENTS DYEING PROCESS AND FABRIC DYEING PROCESS FORMULATIONS

Work procedure
Garments dyeing process with vat dyes
Typical formula
Soaping

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Classifications and Chemistry

• Classification
• Spinning Assistants
• Sizing Agents
• Desizing Agents
• Scouring and Bleaching Aids
• Dyeing Assistants
• Printing Aids
• Finishing Agents
• Detergents and Surfactants
• Inorganic Compounds
• Hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups
• Molecular weight
• Solubility and surface activity
• Nomenclature and chemical composition
• Wetting and detergent structures
• Anionic Surfactants
• Carboxylates
• Sulphonates
• Alkylbenzenesulphonates
• Petroleum sulphonates
• Naphthalene sulphonates
• Olefin sulphonates
• Sulphates
• Alkyl sulphates (Sulphated alcohols)
• Sulphated natural fats and oils
• sulphated alkanolamides
• Sulphated esters
• Alkyphenols, ethoxylated and sulphated
• Nonionic Surfactants
• Polyoxyethylene Surfactants
• Ethoxylated Aliphatic Alcohols
• Carboxylic Esters
• Polyethylene glycol esters
• Anhydrosorbitol ester
• Glycol esters of fatty acids
• Natural fats, oils, and waxes, ethoxylated
• Carboxylic Amides
• Monoalkanolamine condensates
• Polyoxethylene Fatty Acid Amides
• Cationic Surfactants
• Polyoxyethylene alkyl and aliclic amines
• 2 Alkyl 1 (hydroxyethyl)2 imidazolines
• N,N.N.N Tetrakis substituted ethylenediamines
• Amines Having Amide Linkages
• Quatemary Ammonium Salts
• Amphoteric Surfactants
• Sizing
• Starch
• Modified Starch
• Industrial Gums
• Gum Arabic
• Guar gum
• Locust bean gum
• Tamarind kernel powder
• Carboxy Methyl Cellulose Sodium Salts
• Usages
• Sizing of Blended Yarn
• Acrylic Size
• Desizing
• Bleaching and Scouring Operation
• Scouring of Wool
• Carbonising
• Scouring of Silk
• Scouring of Rayon
• Scouring of Synthetic Fibres
• Mercerising
• Dyeing
• Wetting agents
• dispersing agents
• Levelling agents
• Sulphated Castor Oil
• Sequestering agents
• Antifoaming agents
• Carriers
• Migration inhibitor
• dye fixing agents
• Stripping agents
• Thickeners
• Wetting agents
• Dispersing agents
• Antifoaming agents
• Oxidising and reducing agentsCarriers
• Binders
• After washing
• Finishing of textiles
• Acetals
• Epoxides and epichlorohydrin
• Optical Brightening Agents
• Pyrazoline Derivatives
• Derivatives of Naphthalimide
• Softeners
• Bis (benzoxazol 2 yt) derivatives
• Bis (benzimidazol 2 yl) Derivatives
• Coumarins
• Pyrazolins
• Naphtalimides
• triazinyl pyrenes
• 2 Styryl benoxazoles and naphthoxazoles
• Nonionic softeners
• Cationic softeners
• Reactive softeners
• Emulsion softeners
• Silicone softeners
• Biopolishing
• Stone Washing
• Water Repelients
• Aluminium acetate
• Wax dispersions
• Pyridinium Type of Repellents
• Fluorochemicats

Manufacturing Processes of Textile Auxiliaries

• Starch
• Dextrin/British Gum
• Starch Hydroxy Ethyl Ether
• Methyl Cellulose
• Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose
• Ethyl Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose
• Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose
• Gum Arabic
• Gum Karya
• Gum Tragacanth
• Locust beam Gum
• Guar Gum
• Tamarind Kernel Powder
• Turkey Red Oil
• Sodium Lab Sulphonate
• Sodium Lauryl Sulphate
• Dibutyl Napthalene Sulphonate
• Ethylene Oxide Condensate of Lauryl Alcohol
• Octadecenoyl N Methyl Taurate (Igepon T)
• Sodium Beta Sulphoethyl Esters of Fatty Acids
• Oleyl Chloride
• Hydroxyethane Sodium Sulphate
• Sodium beta Sulphothyl ester of oleic acid
• Lauric Diethanol Amide
• superamide
• Sulphated Alkanolamides
• Urea Formaldehyde Precondensate
• Bismethoxy Methyl Urea
• Melamine Formaldehyde Precondensate
• Poly Vinyl Acetate
• Poly Vinyl Alcohol
• Preparation of Octadecyl Chloromethyl Ether
• Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone
• Cetyl Pyridinium Bromide (Fabric Softener)
• Dimethyl Phenyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (Dye Discharging Agent)
• M Nitrobenzene Sulphonic acid Sodium Salt (Mild Oxidizer)
• Stearamide Methyl Pyridinium Chloride
• Sodium Oleyl Para Anisidine Sulphonate
• Polyethylene Glycol Esters
• Fatty Acid Esters of Anhydrosorbitol
• Higher Alcohol Esters of Methacrylic Acid (Polymerized)
• High Molecular Weight Fatty Amide (Stearyl/Cetyl Stearamide)
• Dioxtyl Ester of Sulphosuccinic Acid
• Optical Brightening Agents
• Sodium 5,5′ Dichloro 4.4′ dinitrostilbene 2.2′ disulphonate
• 5,5′ Dichloro 4,4′ diaminostilbene 2.2′ disulphonic acid
• Acylation of 5.5′ dichloro 4.4′ diaminostilbene 2.2′ disulphonic acid
• Sodium 4.4′ Bis (phenylcarbamylamino) 5.5′ dichlorostibene 2.2′ disulphonate
• Cyclohexylammonium 6.6′ Dichloro 4.4″ dinitrostibene 2.2′ disulphonate
• Glycerol Phthalic Anhydride (PAN) Condensate
• Methyl Cyclohexanol Stearate
• tetrahydronaphthalene
• Polyvinyl Butyral
• Dinaphthalene Methyl Disulphonic Acid
• Polystyrene Suspension
• THPC Thiourea Condensation Product
• Quatermary Aryl Aminoalkyl Phosphonium Salt
• THPC Ammonia Condensation Product
• Poly Condensation Product
• 1,3,2 Diazaphospholidine Compounds
• Alkyl And Aryl Sulphonamidomethyl Phosphonates
• Phosphorus Containing Acrylic Monomers
• Halogenated Polyphosphonates
• Dimethyl a ac Bis (Diethyl Phosphono) Adipate (D)
• 2,4,6 Tris (Carbamoylmethylamino) 1,3,5, S Trizine
• Anionic Polyurethane Resin Emulsion
• Perfluoro Tertiary Alkyl Ethers
• Polyfluoroalkyl Hydroxypropyl Phosphates
• Hybrid Tetracopolymers Based on Fluoroacrylates
• Vinyl Ether Reactive Organopolysiloxane Addition Products
• Alkylene Oxide Modified Aminoplast Compounds
• Fatty, Methylolated Polyoxyalkylene Carbamates
• Polyethylene Glycol Modified Triazine Compounds
• Diester amine Adducts

Commercial Textile Auxiliaries

• Foreign
• Shirtan
• MercerotReference
• Teepol
• Amoa Solo Prufe
• Metabol O
• Mitin FFAquasolsReferencesAerosol OTFormerly Alphasols
• Ammonyx BCCation active alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride
• Lissolamine A and V
• Nervanase and Gelatase
• Tergitols 08.4 and 7
•  Avi-Meral L24
• Velan PF
• Nilo (Various Brands)
• Celanol A
• Nonic 218
• Reslcom M-75 and HP
• Lenka
• Rhonite 609 (and Various Brands)
• Lubrol Mo
• Gardinol WS and CS Paste
• Glydote A
• Igepal (Various Brands)
• Lissapol C (Plaste and Powder)
• Lisstan AC
• Textol Wax
• Formaset (Various Brands)Norane R
• Igepon T Powder, T Gel, TFS Conc.
• triton NE and N 100Rhozyme PF
• Triton K 60
• Triton 770 Conc. and X 301
• Rhozyme BB and C
• Calatac MMN and MMP
• Calatac VA
• Lgepon AP Extra Conc
• Lanoc CN
• Alkylene B and IP
• Zelan AP Paste
• Aridex L.Conc and Aridex WP Water Repellents
• Resist Salt  L
• Merid T
• Glycol Fatty Acid Esters (including Diglycol Oleate S.Diglycol Stearate S.S147, S151, S152,S137,S1003, and Aldo 25)
• Doittau 32-Huile Universol R
• Perminal BX, WA & EML
• Lissapol LS paste and powder
• Leucaphor O
• Cellofas C

Formulations of Textile Auxiliaries

• Scour Formulations
• Solvent Formulations
• Activated  Bleach
• Starch Size
• Starch Sizing
• Durable Finish for Cotton & Rayon
• Wash and Wear Cotton Finish
• Crease Resistant Finish for Cotton
• Crease Resistant Rayon Finish
• Rainproofing Polyester Cotton Finish
• Flame Proof Crease Resistant Finish
• Flame Proof, Softening And Anticrease Finish
• Flame Proof Finish (Cotton)
• Crush Resistant Finish
• Textile Softener & Water Repellent
• Textile Bleach
• Textile Size
• Textile Warp Sizing
• Waterproofing Finish
• Textile Sizings
• Crease Proofing Cellulose Acetate
• Crease Resisting Viscose Crepe
• Fabric Sizing (Aerosol)
• Textile Fabric Finish (Anti-crease Waterproof)
• Vat Colour Printing Paste
• Textile Delusterant
• Textile Softener
• Kapok Softener
• Nylon Yarn Coning Oil Textile Printing Paste Thickener
• Semistiff Collar
• Flameproof, Waterproof And Mildewproof Coating for Textiles Pigment Composition
• Printing Paste
• Textile Dullers (Delusterants) for Hosiery
• Textile  Softening Cream
• Textile Scouring Agents
• Textile Printing Paste
• Silk Printing Discharge
• Textile Printing Resist
• Stripping Dye From Wood
• Stripping Dyed Cotton
• Flameproof, Waterproof and Mildwproof Textile Coating
• Waterproofing Agent
• Aniline Black Printing paste
• Vat Printing Colour
• Textile Printing Pastes
• Textile Waterproofing
• Delusterant For Textiles
• Cotton Filling Compositions
• Sizing Rayon And Silk
• Tallow Emulsion For Textile Softing
• Lubrications for Synthetic Textile Fibres
• Thread and Yarn Lubricant
• Hoechst Composition of Printing Paste
• Blotch Printing Formulation
• Vat Printing Paste
• Manufacture of Soromins
• Soromin WF
• Soromin F
• Soromin DM
• Waterproofing Agent
• Antistatic Agents
• Synthetic Textile Fibre Lubricant
• Rayon Lubricants
• Cotton Spraying Oil
• Textile Softeners

Classification of Surfactants

• Surface Active Agents
• Amphoteric surfactants
• Anionic Surfactants
• Sulphated vegetable oils
• Sulphated fatty acid esters
• Sulphated esters of low molecular weight aliphatic acids
• Fatty acid esters of sulphonated alcohols
• Sulphonated substituted fatty acid amides
• Alkyl aryl sulphonates
• Aliphatic alcohol sulphates
• Secondary alcohol sulphates
• Sulphated  alkyl phenolethylene oxide condensates
• Phosphate esters
• Cationic Surfactants
• Fatty acid amides and their derivatives
• Quaternary ammonium salts
• Fatty amine salts
• Pyridinium and substituted pyridinium salts
• Cyclic (imidazolinium) derivatives
• Alkylol amide salts
• Dicyandiamide formal dehyde condensate
• Nonionic surfactants
• Alkyl phenol condensates
• Fatty alcohol condensates
• Fatty acid condensates
• Fatty amine condensates
• Fatty amide condensates
• Non-surface Active Compounds
• Non-surface active agent formulations containing small amounts of surface active agents
• Spinning assistants
• Sizing agents
• Desizing agents
• Scouring & bleaching aids
• Dyeing assistants
• Printing aids
• Finishing agents
• Hybrid Surfactants
• Surfactants
• Hybrid surfactants
• Nonionic-anionic hybrids
• Nonionic cationic hybrids
• Cationic nonionic anionic hybrids

Details of Raw Materials

• Fatty Acids
• Aliphatic hydroxy compounds and their derivatives
• Octyl alcohol
• Lauryl alcohol
• Cetyl alcohol
• Oleyl alcohol
• Ethylene glycol
• Diethylene glycol
• Thiodiethylene glycol
• Glycerine (Glycerol)
• Diethanolamine
• Triethanolamine
• Hydrocarbons
• Diphenyl
• Dodecyl benzene DDB
• Paraffin wax
• Polyethylene (low molecular weight)
• Phenolic compounds
• Phenol
• Human toxicity
• Cresols
• Human toxicity
• Nonyl phenol
• o-Phenyl phenol
• p-Phenyl Phenol
• Aromatic chloro compounds
• o-Dichlorobenzene(ODCB)
• Trichlorobenzene
• Pentachlorophenol
• Sodium salt
• Human toxicity
• Sulphonic acids
• Sulphanilic acid
• B-Naphthalene sulphonic acid
• Aldehyde
• Formaldehyde
• Glyoxal
• Acids and their derivatives
• Acetic acid
• Citric acid
• Acrylic acid
• Maleic anhydride
• Methyl acrylate
• Ethyl acrylate
• Butyl acrylate
• Acrylamide
• stearamide
• Amines and proteins
• Aniline
• Human toxicity
• Casein
• Glue
• Animal & vegetable waxes
• Starch
• Dextrins/British gums
• Guar gum
• Carbon tetrachloride CCI
• Chloroform CHCL
• Dicyandiamide
• Ethylene oxide
• Ethylene diamine
• Nitrobenzene
• Urea

Anionic Surfactants

• Soap
• Turkey Red Oil (TRO)
• Sulphated derivatives of fatty acid esters of monovalent alcohols
• Sizing softeners
• Fatty alcohol sulphates
• History
• Fatty alcohols
• Suphation of alcohols
• choice of sulphation processes and of sulphating agents
• Batch process
• Process of continuous sulphation
• Precautions to be taken during processing
• Neutralisation
• Raw material storage
• Recovery of alcohols
• Sulphation of unsaturated alcohols
• Formation of sulphated alcohols from olefines
• Mercerizing wetting agents
• synthesis of 2-ethyl hexyl sulphate
• Synthesis of n-butyl sulphate
• Alkyl naphthalene sulphonates
• Fatty acid ester and amide sulphonates
• Dodecyl benzene sulphonate
• Dodecyl benzene sulphonate (Na)
• Sulphonation
• Spend acid separation
• Neutralisation
• Bleaching
• Batch sulphonation with 20% oleum
• Sulphonation with sulphuric acid oleum mixture
• Commercial anionic detergents
• Dialkyl sulphosuccinate
• Nylon dyeing assistants
• Sulphated ethers
• Alkyl sulphonates
• Phosphate esters and alkyl phosphates

Cationic Surfactants

• Quatermary ammonium salts
• Quaternary ammonium compound with two quartermary atoms
• Softeners
• Origin of cationic softeners
• Interesting advantages
• Hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity
• Chemistry of cationic softeners
• Mode of action
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Application
• Some products
• Zwitterion
• Dyeing assistants
• Germicides
• Product of the general formula
• Water repellent finishes

Nonionic Surfactants

• Vat levelling agents
• Azoic fastness improvers
• Fatty acid ethylene oxide condensates
• Synthesis and properties

Miscellaneous Important Compounds

• Silicones
• Chain extension of low molecular weight polyorgano siloxanes
• Reaction with cellulosic hydroxyl under acidic conditions
• Reaction with alkaline solutions
• Reaction with cellulose under mildly alkaline solutions
• Self crosslinking reaction
• Chemically modified polyorgano siloxanes
• Application of silicone emulsions
• Carriers
• Polyvinyl acetate emulsion
• Manufacture of polyvinyl acetate dispersion
• Polyvinyl alcohol
• Formic acid
• Vinyl acetate
• Material of construction
• Temperature control
• Agitation
• Cleaning of the kettle
• Identification of Polyvinyl alcohol
• Polyvinyl alcohol in sizing
• Wax emulsions
• Carbohydrates
• Methyl cellulose
• Guar gum
• Printing thickeners
• Solution aids

Detergent Paste (Textile Grade)

Dispersant for Textiles

Levelling and Dispersing Agent

Non-Ionic Surfactants Weitting Agents

Pigment Emulsion for Textiles

Pigments Binders for Textile Printing

Poly Vinyl Acetate Emulsion

Rosin Sizing Agent

Silicone Emulsion

Silk Sizing Liquid (Water Soluble)

Softeners (Cationic An-Ionic and Non-Ionic)

Textile and Finishing Agents

Textile Auxilliaries

Textile Chemical

Textile Printing Paste

The book covers Classifications and Chemistry, Manufacturing  Processes of Textile Auxiliaries,  Commercial Textile Auxiliaries, Formulations of Textile Auxiliaries, Classification of Surfactants, Details of Raw Materials, Anionic Surfactants, Cationic Surfactants, Nonionic Surfactants, Miscellaneous Important Compounds, Detergent Paste (Textile Grade), Dispersant for Textiles, Levelling and Dispersing Agent, Non-Ionic Surfactants Wetting Agents, Pigment Emulsion for Textiles,  Pigments  Binders for Textile Printing, Poly Vinyl Acetate Emulsion, Rosin Sizing Agent, Silicone Emulsion, Silk Sizing Liquid (Water Soluble), Softeners (Cationic, An-Ionic and Non-Ionic), Textile and Finishing Agents, Textile Auxilliaries, Textile Chemicals, Textile Printing Paste.

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