For a material to perform as an adhesive it must have four main requirements:

• It must "wet" the surfaces - that is it must flow out over the surfaces that are being bonded, displacing all air and other contaminates that are present.

• It must adhere to the surfaces - That is after flowing over the whole surface area it must start to adhere and stay in position and become "tacky".

• It must develop strength - The material must now change its structure to become strong or non-tacky but still adherent.

• It must remain stable - The material must remain unaffected by age, environmental conditions and other factors as long as the bond is required.

The adhesion phenomenon is relevant to many scientific and technological areas and has become in recentyearsavery important field of study.Themain applicationofadhesion is bonding by adhesives, this technique replacing, at least partially,and more classical mechanical attachment techniques such as bolting or riveting. It is considered to be competitive primarily because it allows us to save weight, to ensure a better stress distribution, and offers better aesthetics since the glue line is practically invisible.

Applications of bonding by adhesives can be found in many industries, particularly in such advanced technical domains as the aeronautical and space industry, automobilemanufacture, and electronics. Adhesives have also been introduced in such areas as dentistry and surgery.

Adhesive joints are not, however, the only applications of adhesion. Adhesion is involvedwhenever solids are brought into contact, as in coatings, paints, and varnishes; multilayered sandwiches; polymer blends; filled polymers; and composite materials. Since the final performance of these multicomponent materials depends significantly on the quality of the interface that is formed between the solids, it is understandable that a better knowledge of the adhesion phenomenon is required for practical applications.

Thehistory of adhesives and sealants is closely related to thehistoryofhumankind.Some ofwhat are thought of as relatively ‘‘new’’ uses of adhesives have their origins in ancient times, and althoughmostof thesematerialshavebeen subject to vast changes,othershave been changed very littleover time.Asnewmaterials aredeveloped, a reviewof thehistory of uses can lead one to seewhere theymight be applied to improve old applications, and sometimes to satisfy requirements of entirely new applications.

In nearly all fields of application in processing industries, adhesives can substitute or supplementthe traditional joining processes such as welding, riveting or screwing. More than any otherprocess, adhesive bonding technology can make it possible to fix the most dissimilar materialstogether permanently, without damaging the joining parts and thus impairing their stability.

As a result of rising production demands and high environmental awareness, adhesives havebecome high-tech products, which have for a long time been accepted in highly sensitiveindustries such as aviation and space technology. Advantages such as weight reduction, fasterassembly and more cost effective production, through short contact times and ease of applicationwith state-of-the art measuring technology, are constantly opening up new application fields forthis innovative method of fixing.

Fevicol:- The King of Adhesive Marketis a brand of adhesive manufactured & marketed by Pidilite& synonymous with the word adhesives in India. This is a commendable feat considering it is a brand in a low involvement category such as adhesives which, rarely gets free & earned media. Fevicol currently has around 70 percent market share. The rest of the market share is captured by its competitors – Falcofix, Bluecoat, Vamicol & Araldite, part from many local brands in the unorganized segment.

It was first launched & marketed in India in 1959 and was promoted as easy to use glue for carpenters, as an alternative to fat & collagen based adhesive which had to be boiled before application. Today, Fevicol is a generic name in the adhesive category sold in over 50 countries & a familiar sight in most of the Indian households. During the time of its launch, it was primarily meant to be used as glue for woodworking while secondary applications included uses in flooring, footwear & upholstery.

The adhesive brand, which is immediately identifiable to most Indians, has been so popular that it has become a part of the popular culture. So much so that it is now synonymous for any kind of adhesives and people use the word “fevicol” to indicate adhesive irrespective of the real brand. It has to be agreed that Fevicol has reached this stage by offering quality products continuously over five decades. But the credit for its success also goes to the innovative, award winning commercials of fevicol which have been immensely popular among the masses. In this brief study, an effort is being made to explore the branding process of fevicol in the Indian market through an analysis of the advertisements created by it.

While advertising used to be very simplistic in India till a decade ago, the global trends are now fast catching up. The audience is more sophisticated and demanding now that they were ever before. They not only expect to get useful information, but also want to get entertained through the ads since they are spending their precious time watching them. But at the same time there are linguistic, cultural and traditional values and expectations that drive the buying decisions in India. So, “Honesty” can be considered a prerequisite for selling a product in India. The there has to be a constant and credible advertising effort all the time. Recall value as well as persuasion are important differentiators in the Indian market.

International advertising basically involves dissemination of commercial information to the target audiences in multiple markets. But these target audiences differ from country to country based on the cultural impacts that dictate how they perceive certain symbols, interpret certain stimuli and respond to humorous or emotional appeals. India is also a unique culture that has a very different taste from the western audience and despite a larger exposure to foreign media in recent decades these deep rooted cultural differences will not vanish in the near future.

The post ADHESIVE MANUFACTURING (FEVICOL TYPE) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

There is no simple theory of adhesion, and the truth for any one system is probably a combination of adsorption, electrostatic attraction and diffusion.

There are many methods of classifying adhesives. Some use a system of end use, e.g. adhesives for metals, adhesives for textiles etc. However a system based on the chemical properties and performance is more appropriate.

From a practical viewpoint the most important aspect of adhesion technology is preparation of the surfaces of the materials to be bonded together.

Rubber Solution is defined as a substance capable of holding Rubber materials together by surface attachment.

Substances may attach to surfaces and develop the internal or cohesive strength necessary to hold materials together while cooling from the liquid to the solid state, while losing solvent or during chemical section substances called pressure-sensitive adhesive generally do not undergo phase change in order to hold materials together.

The post RUBBERISED ADHESIVE (SR ADHESIVE) USED IN LEATHER AND OTHER ALLIED INDUSTRIES appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

The use of adhesives is also in the bursting of tyres and tubes. When tyres burst, we require adhesive for joining to the burst. The types and tubes are very necessary item for cycle, auto rikshaw, heavy vehicle etc. The adhesive gives a new list for these tyres and tubes when it joint to the puncture or burst.

To adhesive for leather to leather and leather to rubber may also be made by latex rubber based. It helps in joining two layers of leather and rubber, shoe parts and soles. It is also used tyres and tubes manufacturing, for joining the two layers or joining the two ends of tubes.

1. In this type of solution, the reclaimed rubber is dissolved in dissolved in the solvent and the solution is not vulcanised.

2. This type of solutions are heated for vulcanization, they contain some other ingredient like accelerator etc.

3. Solution which get vulcanized by themselves and are usually supplied in two parts.

Some large scale units in the country almost monpolised the manufacture and marketing of these products. Recently much progress has been made in the small scale sector, specially because technical know-how is indigenously available. The rubber solutions are manufactured according to required by the purchaser.

The colour of the solvent is depend on the raw materials which are used in the solvent processing.

S.R. Adhesive is a important class of adhesive having multiple applications.

Substances may attach to surfaces and develop the internal or cohesive strength necessary to hold materials together while cooling from the liquid to the solid state, while losing solvent or during chemical section substances called pressure-sensitive adhesive generally do not undergo phase change in order to
hold materials together.

Many types of Adhesives are currently in use and there is no adequate single system of classification for all products. The adhesives industry has generally employed classification based on end use, such as metal to metal adhesives, wood adhesives, general purpose adhesives, paper and packaging adhesives and so on.

Apart from end-use, adhesives may be classified according to physical form, chemical composition, method of application, various processing factors (eg setting section), and suitability for particular service requirements or environments.

A good adhesive should have the following desirable properties :-

a) Maximum mechanical strength.
b) Minimum setting time of quick development of bond strength.
c) Resistance to moisture
d) Resistance to moisture
e) Resistance to the deterioration by ageing
f) Freedom from fire and toxicity hazards.
g) Ability to withstand temperature variations or it
should produce a flexible anticracking bord.
h) Freedom from objectionable odor.
i) Freedom from fire and toxicity.

As can be easily inferred from the above no single adhesives can have all the above desirable properties. Adhesive for particular industrial application is selected according to the more important service conditions required. To achieve desirable properties, certain modifying agents like plasticizers, stiffners, driers and fillers etc, are incorporated in the adhesives.

Application Area for Adhesive Bonding

Adhesives are used for bonding of surfaces, when the mechanical bonding methods result in distortion, discoloration, corrosion and other troubles. Sometimes adhesive bonding is used due to reduced cost and performance improvement. Adhesive bonding is sometimes used to complement other fastening methods in an assembly.

Adhesives may be used for bonding for dissimilar materials, such as combinations of metals, rubbers, plastics, foamed materials, fabrics, wood etc., and for metals which may constitute a corrosion couple eg. iron to copper or brass.

INTRODUCTION
USES AND APPLICATION
STRUCTURAL ACRYLIC ADHESIVES
OTHER APPLICATIONS
B.I.S.SPECIFICATION
PROPERTIES OF ACRYLIC BASED ADHESIVE
CONCISE SUMMARY OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ACRYLIC ADHESIVES
MARKET SURVEY
PRESENT MANUFACTURE OF S.R ADHESIVE
PROPERTIES OF LATEX BASED ADHESIVES VERSUS SOLVENT BASED ADHESIVE
ADVANTAGE OF LATEX ADHESIVE OVER RUBBER SOLUTION
RAW MATERIALS
FORMULATIONS FOR WATER BASED LATEX ADHESIVES
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE
FLOW SHEET
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER ADHESIVE (SR ADHESIVE) LIKE PIDILITE TYPE
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR SYNTHETIC RUBBER ADHESIVE (SR
ADHESIVE) LIKE PIDILITE TYPE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF RUBBER ADHESIVE
PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR MANUFACTURING OF RUBBER ADHESIVE
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PRESSURE-
SENSITVE ADH ESIVE FOR BOPP TAPES (ACRYLIC BASED)
EMULSION POLYMERISATION
PROCESS FLOW SHEET
TESTING OF ADHESIVES
PLANT LAYOUT
SUPPLIERS OF CONSULTANTS
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS SUPPLIERS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS

APPENDIX – A :

1. COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2. LAND & BUILDING
3. PLANT AND MACHINERY
4. FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5. RAW MATERIAL
6. SALARY AND WAGES
7. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9. COST OF PRODUCTION
10. PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11. BREAK EVEN POINT
12. RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13. INTEREST CHART
14. DEPRECIATION CHART
15. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

The post ADHESIVE MANUFACTURING (WATER BASED, SOLVENT BASED AND ACRYLIC BASED) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Latex  based  adhesives  contain a  rubber  latex,  adhesion modifiers,  plasticisers, curatives, fillers such as whiting  and kaolin, thickness e.g. cellulose derivatives and other  additives e.g.   antioxidants,   surfactants  antifoams   (Octyl   alcohol, silicons),    antifreeze,   stabilizers    corrosion    inhibitor colourants, deodorants, and reodorants etc.

1.   INTRODUCTION
2.   USES AND APPLICATION
3.   STRUCTURAL ACRYLIC ADHESIVES
4.   B.I.S.SPECIFICATION
5.   PROPERTIES OF ACRYLIC BASED ADHESIVE
6.   MARKET SERVEY
7.   PRESENT MANUFACTURE OF S.R ADHESIVE
8.   PROPERTIES OF LATEX BASED ADHESIVES
VERSUS SOLVENT BASED ADHESIVE
9.   RAW MATERIALS
10.  FORMULATIONS FOR WATER BASED LATEX ADHESIVES
11.  PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE
12.  FLOW SHEET
13.  FORMULATION OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER ADHESIVE
(SR ADHESIVE) LIKE PIDILITE TYPE
14.  MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER ADHESIVE
15.  PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR SYNTHETIC RUBBER ADHESIVE
OTHER FORMULATIONS OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER AND
LATEX BASED ADHESIVE
16.  MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF RUBBER ADHESIVE
17.  PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR MANUFACTURING OF
RUBBER ADHESIVE
18.  WATER-BASED GENERAL PURPOSE ADHESIVE (BUDATIENE
ACRYLONITRILE/RESIN)
19.  FORMULATION OF ACRYLIC BASED ADHESIVE
20.  PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
PRESSURE-SENSITVE ADH ESIVE FOR BOPP TAPES
(ACRYLIC BASED)
21.  PROCESS FLOW SHEET
22.  TESTING OF ADHESIVES
23.  ADDRESSES OF CONSULTANTS
24.  ADDRESSES OF RAW MATERIALS SUPPLIERS
25.  ADDRESSES OF PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
26.  PLANT LAYOUT

APPENDIX – A :

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

The post ADHESIVE MANUFACTURING (WATER BASED, SOLVENT BASED AND ACRYLIC BASED) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.