Project report on cast iron castings - Technology Book - Feasibility Report - Market Survey - Industrial Report https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product-tag/cast-iron-castings/ We Create Industrialist Mon, 23 Sep 2019 09:19:39 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.3 https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/cropped-logo-1-32x32.jpg Project report on cast iron castings - Technology Book - Feasibility Report - Market Survey - Industrial Report https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product-tag/cast-iron-castings/ 32 32 CASTING SETUP FOR RAILWAY BOGIE MANUFACTURING https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/casting-setup-for-railway-bogie-manufacturing/ Mon, 23 Sep 2019 09:19:38 +0000 https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=13102 A bogie is a structure underneath a railway vehicle body to which axles and wheels are attached through bearings. CASNUB Bogie is used in Freight wagons. CASNUB bogie consists of two cast iron frames, floating bolster, mild steel spring plank, nested springs, and friction snubbers. Bolster is supported on the side frames through two nested of springs.Two cast iron steel frames are connected by spring planks. Frictional snubber acts as a frictional damper, which dampens the oscillations. Frictional snubbers provide damping action proportional to load. This bogie was first fitted in BOXN wagons and was designated as CASNUB 22W. This was later modified as CASNUB 22W(M) to take care of high wheel wear reported on earlier version. Subsequently CASNUB 22NL (Narrow jaw) and CASNUB 22 NLB (Narrow jaw with fish belly bolster) versions were introduced. The CASNUB 22 HS bogie has been developed for high-speed operation with maximum permitted speed up to 100 km/h. All CASNUB 22W bogies are to be converted to CASNUB 22W (Retrofitted) by the maintenance depots and workshops. The various bogie versions developed areas under. • CASNUB -22W, • CASNUB -22W (Retrofitted), • CASNUB -22W(M), • CASNUB -22NL, • CASNUB -22NLB, • CASNUB -22HS. These bogies are now used in the following wagons:- • BOXN BOBR, • BCN BOBRN, • BCNA BOBY, • BRN BOBYN, • BTPN BFK, • BTPGLN. The bogie comprises of two cast steel frames and a floating bolster. The bolster is supported on the side frame through two nests of springs. This also provides a friction damping proportional to load. A fabricated mild steel spring plank connects the side frames.

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]]> INTRODUCTION
A BOGIE IS A STRUCTURE UNDERNEATH A RAILWAY VEHICLE BODY TO WHICH AXLES AND WHEELS ARE ATTACHED THROUGH BEARINGS.
THESE BOGIES ARE NOW USED IN THE FOLLOWING WAGONS:-
CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS
THE CASNUB BOGIE ASSEMBLY CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING COMPONENTS:
CASNUB BOGIE – TOP VIEW
CASNUB BOGIE – FRONT VIEW
A) WHEEL SET WITH CARTRIDGE BEARING
B) AXLE
C) AXLE BOX ADAPTER, RETAINER BOLT & SIDE FRAME KEY ASSEMBLY
D) SIDE FRAMES WITH FRICTION PLATES
E) BOLSTER WITH WEAR LINERS
F) SPRING PLANK, FIT BOLTS & RIVETS
G) LOAD BEARING SPRINGS AND SNUBBER SPRINGS
H) FRICTION SHOE WEDGES
I) CENTRE PIVOT ARRANGEMENT
J) SIDE BEARER
K) ELASTOMERIC PAD
L) BOGIE BRAKE GEAR
M) BRAKE BEAM (CASNUB 22W, 22NL, 22NLB & 22HS)
AND BRAKE WEAR PLATES
N) RECLAMATION OF BRAKE BEAM ON ACCOUNT OF WORN
OUT BRAKE HEADS
I) CASNUB 22W BOGIE
II) CASNUB 22 W(M) BOGIE
III) CASNUB 22 NL, 22NLB & 22HS BOGIE
USES AND APPLICATION
THESE BOGIES ARE NOW USED IN THE FOLLOWING WAGONS
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
PROCESS FLOW CHART FOR CASTING
PROCESS FLOW CHART FOR CO2 SAND CORE
PROCESS FLOW CHART FOR CHEMICAL SAND CORE
PRODUCTION PROCESS OF CASNUB BOGIE
RAW MATERIAL
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%)
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
(A) SAND CASTING PROCESS OF SIDE FRAME
STEEL SAND CASTING PROCESS
RAW MATERIAL
MOULDING
SAND PREPARATION & SAND LAB
CORE-MAKING
MELTING
POURING
FETTLING
HEAT TREATMENT
I) PROCESS OF NORMALIZING SHALL BE FOLLOWED IN FOLLOWING ORDER
II) PROCESS OF NORMALIZED AND TEMPERED SHALL BE FOLLOWED
IN FOLLOWING ORDER:
INSPECTION AND TESTING
VISUAL EXAMINATION
TESTS FOR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTS
(A) RADIOGRAPHIC TESTS:
(B) MAGNETIC PARTICLE TEST
MICROSTRUCTURE
WEIGHT
LOAD TESTING
PROOF LOAD TESTING
(A) STATIC PROOF LOAD TEST FOR BOGIE BOLSTER:
A) TRANSVERSE LOAD FOR DEFLECTION
B) TRANSVERSE LOAD FOR PERMANENT SET
C) VERTICAL – SIDE BEARING LOAD FOR DEFLECTION
D) VERTICAL – SIDE BEARING LOAD FOR PERMANENT SET
E) VERTICAL – CENTRE PIVOT LOAD FOR DEFLECTION
F) VERTICAL – CENTRE PIVOT LOAD FOR PERMANENT SET
G) ULTIMATE LOAD
(B) STATIC PROOF LOAD TEST FOR BOGIE SIDE FRAME:
A) TRANSVERSE LOAD FOR DEFLECTION
B) TRANSVERSE LOAD FOR PERMANENT SET
C) & D) VERTICAL LOAD FOR DEFLECTION & FOR PERMANENT SET
E) VERTICAL LOAD FOR DISTRACTION TEST PERMANENT SET
SAMPLE SIZE FOR PROOF LOAD TESTING:
SECTIONING TEST:
FOLLOWING ITEMS ARE TO BE SPECIFICALLY CHECKED:
PERMITTED VARIATION IN WALL THICKNESS OF THE CASTINGS
IS AS GIVEN BELOW:
INSPECTION AND TESTING OF BRAKE BEAM
LOAD TEST OF BRAKE BEAM:
ASSEMBLY PROCESS OF CAS NUB BOGIE
(A) GAUGING OF BOLSTER & SIDE FRAME:
(B) WELDING OF LINERS:
(C) RIVETING
(D) GAUGING OF H-FRAME
(E) DIMENSION CHECK
LOAD TESTING OF BOGIE ASSEMBLY
SCALE OF THIS TEST SHALL BE DONE AS DETAILED BELOW:
PAINTING:
DISPATCH:
MARKET POSITION
FREIGHT CAN SPEED UP ECONOMIC GROWTH
SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS HIT INDIAN RAILWAYS’ INDUCTION
OF FREIGHT WAGONS
RAILWAY MINISTER SAYS INDIA FACING SHORTAGE OF WAGONS
INDIAN RAILWAYS INTENDS TO PURCHASE 38,000 WAGONS
SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS HIT INDIAN RAILWAYS’ INDUCTION
OF FREIGHT WAGONS
RAILWAYS MULLS BUYING NEW WAGONS WORTH RS 9,000 CRORE
IN 3 YEARS
PLANT LAYOUT
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF COMPELETE CAS NUB BOGIE ASSEMBLY
APPROVED VENDORS FOR COMPLETE ASSEMBLY
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF CARBON STEEL BILLET
MIG WELDING WIRE ELECTRODE
COATING POWDER
PACKING MATERIALS
FIRE CLAY
BENTONITE POWDER
COAL DUST
FIRE BRICKS
SOAP STONE
GRAPHITE POWDER
SILICA SAND
SUPPLIERS OF LIME STONE
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES
SUPPLIERS OF INDUCTION FURNACE
HEAT TREATMENT FURNACE
SUPPLIERS OF INTENSIVE SAND MIXTURE AND MULLER
SUPPLIERS OF SAND SIEVING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF SQUEEZE MOLDING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF SHAKEOUT MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF SHELL MOLDING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF CORE SHOOTER MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF DRYING OVEN
SUPPLIERS OF FOUNDRY TOOLS
SUPPLIERS OF SHOT BLASTING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF MOLDING BOXES
SUPPLIERS OF ALUMINIUM PATTERNS
SUPPLIERS OF METAL TESTING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF PRECISION MEASURING TOOLS
NDT INSPECTION EQUIPMENT
EOT CRANE
POWER TRANSFORMER
ELECTRICAL PANEL
ELECTRIC MOTOR
COOLING TOWER
EFFULENT TREATMENT PLANT
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS
AIR COMPRESSORS
PLATFORM WEIGHING MACHINE
MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
SHOT BLASTING MACHINE
JIGS AND FIXTURE
SUBMERSIBLE WATER PUMP

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

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]]> CAST IRON CASTING MANUFACTURING https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/cast-iron-casting-manufacturing/ Thu, 29 Aug 2019 06:06:19 +0000 https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=13043 Casting as an old technique is the quickest link between engineering drawing 2nd manufacturing. It provides us with the possibility of forming wide range of shapes with wide range of materials. Sand Casting is simply melting the metal and pouring it into a preformed cavity, called mold, allowing (the metal to solidify and then breaking up the mold to remove casting. In sand casting expandable molds are used. So for each casting operation you have to form a new mold. Basic Requirements for metal casting: 1. A mold cavity, 2. Melting process, 3. Pouring technique, 4. Solidification process, 5. Removal of casting, 6. Finishing draft allowance. Sand Casting is the most important and mostly used casting technique. To perform sand casting we have to form a pattern (a full sized model of the part), enlarged to account for shrinkage and machining allowances in the final casting. Materials used to make patterns include wood, plastics, aluminum, fiberglass, cast iron and some other metals. Wood is a common pattern material because it is easily worked into shape. Its disadvantages are that it tends to warp and the sand being compacted around it abrades it, thus limiting the number of times it can be reused (used for a small number castings). Metal patterns are more expensive to make, but they last much longer. For example aluminum is the most common metal to be used if" many castings are to be made by the same pattern. So selection of the appropriate pattern material depends to a large extent on the total quality of castings to be made. The size of the pattern depends upon the shrinkage during cooling and the Finishing allowance. Some special coating to prevent their destruction should coat patterns. Patterns have also some identifiers such as colors on them, each of which has different meaning that represent different treatments and requirements for the patterns. The color-coding for patterns in sand casting is as follows: 1) Red indicates that the surface of the material should be left as it is after casting. 2) Black indicates that the surface needs core and shows the position of the sand core. 3) Yellow indicates that the surface needs machining. The casting will be missing. To ensure that cores retain the correct arrangement core prints are placed into the mold. Some metal springs called densiments are placed into the mold Io provide uniform solidification of the metal throughout the mold. Nails are inserted into thin parts of the mold to reinforce them. After forming the mold cavity, an alcoholic liquid is sprayed aver the cope (The upper part of the mold) and heated with flames to harden and to dry the surface. Filling a metal box having two halves, which is called the flask forms mold. So mold is also made up of two halves, which is separated by a parting line. The reason for this is to remove the tasted part easier from the mold. The upper part of the mold is called the cope and the lower part called the drag. The cope and drag are prepared separately and when they are ready they unites and metal is poured into it through a canal called sprue, which transmits the molten metal via runner into the mold cavity. The runner should not be big because it will increase the amount of the waste metal. It should not be small because this enhances rapid solidification in the runner causing a blockage. At the bottom of the sprue there is a gap called well for the collection of the unwanted sand, which comes with the flowing metal. There is also a riser system, which acts as an inventory of molten metal when the mold cavity is fulfilled with the metal and feeds automatically the cavity of the part that we want to get. This system is essential because as the molten metal cools down it shrinks so the amount needed to replace the shrinked metal comes fom the riser itself eliminating shrinkage cavities. A casting may show microporosity. This can be eliminated with directional solidification either by incorporating a metal chill into the mold or by tapering the thinnest section of the runner. Chills are also used around thicker parts of the casting to provide uniform cooling of these parts with the thinner parts to prevent cracks. Chills, by this way, preserve the mechanical properties of the whole casting. The steel is melted in electric-arc furnaces. The advantage of electrical furnace, the scrap steel, which was used before (metal left In risers and runners) can be melted in these furnaces and used again. When the furnace reaches the suitable temperature, it is turned off. The molten metal is filed into the portable reservoir called table and then table is moved to just above of the mold and metal is poured into the mold's pouring basin. A powder is added to the mold's surface to prevent metal's rapid cooling during pouring. Another powder is sprayed aver the mold to form a blanket of inert gas to prevent the oxidation of the molten metal. The steel is melted in electric-arc furnaces. The advantage of electrical furnace, the scrap steel, which was used before (metal left in risers and runners) can be melted in these furnaces and used again. When the furnace reaches the suitable temperature, it is turned off. The molten metal is filed into the portable reservoir called label and then table is moved to just above of the mold and metal is poured into the mold's pouring basin. A powder is added to the mold's surface to prevent metal's rapid cooling during pouring. Another powder is sprayed aver the mold to form a blanket of Inert gas to prevent the oxidation of the molten metal. The completed casting is left for cooling and when it completely cools down the whole flask is taken to a vibrating platform to remove the casting from the mold. Excess parts are cut either by oxygen if the casting is of steel (hard), or by hammering if the casting is of cast iron (brittle).

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]]> INTRODUCTION
SAND CASTING
BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR METAL CASTING
AUTOMATED SAND CASTING IN FOUNDRIES
CAST IRON
TYPES OF CAST IRON
THE VARIOUS TYPES OF CAST IRON IN USE ARE DISCUSSED AS FOLLOWS
EFFECT OF IMPURITIES ON CAST IRON
USES & APPLICATIONS
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
PROCESS FLOW CHART
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
(A) PIG IRON
(B) FERRO-ALLOYS
(C) COKE
(D) CAST IRON SCRAP
(2) SAND CASTING
ADVANTAGES OF SAND CASTING:
DISADVANTAGES OF SAND CASTING:
(A) PATTERNMAKING
(B) CORE MAKING
(C) MOLDING
(D) CLAMPING
(E) MELTING & POURING
(F) COOLING
(G) REMOVAL
(H) TRIMMING
(I) CLEANING
(J) QUALITY CONTROL
CASTING DEFECTS:
DEFECTS RELATED WITH SAND MOLDS:
INSPECTION METHODS:
CUPOLA FURNACE
STRUCTURE OF CUPOLA FURNACE:
(I) SHELL:
(II) FOUNDATION:
(III) CHARGING DOOR:
(IV) CHARGING PLATFORM:
(V) AIR BLOWER:
(VI) TUYERES:
(VII) VOLUME METER:
(VIII) TAP HOLE (MOLTEN METAL HOLE):
(IX) SLAG HOLE:
(X) CHIMNEY:
OPERATION OF CUPOLA FURNACE:
(I) PREPARATION OF CUPOLA:
(II) FIRING OF CUPOLA:
(III) CHARGING THE CUPOLA:
(IV) SOAKING OF IRON:
(V) STARTING THE AIR BLAST:
(VI) CLOSING THE CUPOLA:
ZONES OF CUPOLA FURNACE:
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE SIX IMPORTANT ZONES:
(I) WELL OR CRUCIBLE ZONE:
(II) COMBINATION ZONE:
(III) REDUCING ZONE:
(IV) MELTING ZONE:
(V) PREHEATING ZONE:
(VI) STACK ZONE:
CAPACITY OF CUPOLA FURNACE:
ADVANTAGES OF CUPOLA FURNACE:
LIMITATIONS OF CUPOLA FURNACE:
MARKET POSITION
GENERAL ECONOMIC SCENARIO
FORECASTS OF GROWTH BY LEADING INSTITUTIONS:
MAJOR FOUNDRY CLUSTERS:
MANPOWER:
AUTO SECTOR:
TOTAL PRODUCTION OF TRACTORS IN INDIA:
GLOBAL SCENARIO:
ROLE IN MANUFACTURING SECTOR:
PRODUCTION IN MILLION TONES:
EXPORTS IMPORT TRENDS:
SECTORWISE CONSUMPTION OF CASTING
IFMET 2018: INDIAN FOUNDRY INDUSTRY EXPECTS US 3 BN INVESTMENT
THE BRIGHT FUTURE OF CASTING IN INDIA
1. THE ‘MAKE IN INDIA’ CAMPAIGN
2. FOCUSING ON STRUCTURAL CHANGE SINCE 2015
3. THE BOOMING GROWTH OF THE AUTO INDUSTRY
4. MISCELLANEOUS OPPORTUNITIES
METAL CASTING MARKET
PLANT LAYOUT
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF CAST IRON CASTING
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
PIG IRON
CAST IRON SCRAP
FERRO SILICON
FERRO MANGANESE
SUPPLIERS OF COKE
FIRE CLAY
BENTONITE POWDER
COAL DUST
FIRE BRICKS
SOAP STONE
GRAPHITE POWDER
SILICA SAND
SUPPLIERS OF LIME STONE
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES
COUPLA FURNACE
ALUMINIUM PATTERNS
INTENSIVE SAND MIXTURE AND MULLER
SAND SIEVING MACHINE
SQUEEZE MOLDING MACHINE
SHAKEOUT MACHINE
CORE SHOOTER MACHINE
DRYING OVEN
FOUNDRY TOOLS
MOLDING BOXES
METAL TESTING MACHINE
PRECISION MEASURING TOOLS
NDT INSPECTION EQUIPMENT
DRILLING, LATHE, TAPING MACHINES
GRINDING MACHINE
EOT CRANE
POWER TRANSFORMER
ELECTRICAL PANEL
ELECTRIC MOTOR
COOLING TOWER
EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT (ETP PLANT)
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS
AIR COMPRESSORS
PLATFORM WEIGHING MACHINE
MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
SHOT BLASTING MACHINE
JIGS AND FIXTURE
SUBMERSIBLE WATER PUMP

APPENDIX –

01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

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]]> Casting Technology Hand Book https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/casting-technology-hand-book/ Tue, 25 Mar 2014 08:03:45 +0000 http://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=1546 The book Casting Technology Hand Book  covers  Rules for Casting Design, Melting Furnaces and Refractories, Casting  Processes, Cast Irons, Various Types of Cast Steels, Production of Cast iron Castings, Production of Steel Castings.

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]]> CASTING TECHNOLOGY HAND BOOK

The book Casting Technology Hand Book  covers  Rules for Casting Design, Melting Furnaces and Refractories, Casting  Processes, Cast Irons, Various Types of Cast Steels, Production of Cast iron Castings, Production of Steel Castings.

RULES FOR CASTING DESIGN

Factors Affecting Casting Design
Fluid Life
Solidification Shrinkage
Type of Solidification
Volume
Slag/Dross Formation
Mechanical Factors
Common Design Rules

MELTING FURNACES AND REFRACTORIES

Cupola
Cold Blast Acid Lined Cupola
Construction of the cupola
Operational procedure
Metallurgical reactions
Importance of cupola well depth
Factors affecting the efficiency of cupola operation
Divided Blast Cupola
Cokeless Cupola
Hot Blast Cupola
Water Cooled Cupola
Use Oxygen in Cupolas
Rotary Furnace
Energy  Furnace
Energy Consumption and Heat Transfer
Induction Furnace
Types of Induction Furnace
Ramming materials
Cored Induction Furnace
Induction Furnace Lining
Vacuum Induction Melting
Arc Furnace Melting
Bridge Formation
Disadvantages of DRI
DC Arc Melting Furnace
Electrode breakages
Scrap mix up
Use of sponge iron/HBI
Advantages
Applications of Vacuum Metallurgy in Steel Melting
Introduction
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Vacuum carbon dexidation
Fundamental Principles of Reactions Under Vacuum
Ladle Degassing by Argon Purging
Vacuum Arc Melting
Non-consumable electrode arc furnace
Consumable electrode vacuum arc process
VOD Process
AOD Process
Foundry Refractories
Classification of Refractories
Refractories for Non-ferrous Melting

CASTING PROCESS

Shell Process
Coating
Making Shell Cores/Moulds
Evaporative Pattern Casting Process
Centrifugal Casting
True Centrifugal Casting
Semi centrifugal Casting
Centrifuging
Investment Casting
Rapid Prototyping
Die Casting
Die Casting Methods
Cold Chamber Process
Low Pressure Die Casting
Cosworth Process
Squeeze Casting
Semi solid Metal Working Process
Technologies for Semi solid Metal processing
Rheocasting
Thixoforming
Rapid Solidification Processing

CAST IRONS

Introduction
Types of Cast Irons
Gray Cast Iron
Melting and Inoculation

VARIOUS TYPES OF CAST STEELS

Pearlitic Steels
Austenitic Manganese steel
Effect of Alloy Additions on Austenitic Manganese Steels
Effect of Process Parameters
Prevention of Failure
Stainless Steels
Austenitic Stainless Steels
Heat treatment
Martensitic Stainless Steels
Duplex Stainless Steels
Maraging Steels

PRODUCTION OF CAST IRON CASTINGS

Classification of cast Irons
Ceemical Composition Effect on structure and Properties
Carbon Equivalent
Silicon
Manganese
Slphur
Phosphorus
Other Minor and Alloying Elements
Types of Graphite
Graphite Size
Metallurgy of Cast Irons
Moulding Practice for Gray Cast Iron Castings
Malleable Irons
Moulding Practice for Malleable Cast Irons
Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron (Sg Iron)
Uses of SG iron Castings
Chemical Composition
Production Technique
Moulding and Casting Practice
Vermicular Iron

PRODUCTION OF STEEL CASTINGS

Classes of Steel Castings
Specific Characteristics of Casting of Steels
Melting Practice
Moulding Practice
Green Sand Moulding
Dry sand Moulding
Pouring  Gating and Risering
Risering Practice
Cleaning and Inspection
Alloying Practice for Steel Casting
Heat Treatment of Steel Castings
Annealing
Normalising
Quenching and Tempering
Flame Hardening

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