Caustic Soda – EIRI – eBooks and Project Reports https://projectreports.eiriindia.org We Create Industrialist Tue, 04 Aug 2020 04:51:04 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.3 https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/cropped-logo-1-32x32.jpg Caustic Soda – EIRI – eBooks and Project Reports https://projectreports.eiriindia.org 32 32 CAUSTIC SODA (SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NAOH) BY ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/caustic-soda-sodium-hydroxide-naoh-by-electrolytic-process/ Tue, 04 Aug 2020 04:51:03 +0000 https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=13981 Alkali chemical constitutes the oldest segment of the chemical industry. These chemicals serve as key inputs for a number of industries such as aluminium, soap, detergent, glass, tyre, rubber, pulp and paper, pharmaceutical, water treatment, textiles, leather, fiber etc. The key chemicals in the chlor-alkali industry are

• Caustic Soda
• Chlorine (including liquid chlorine)
• Soda Ash

Caustic Soda (chemically known as Sodium Hydroxide) and Chlorine are produced
together through the electrolysis of common salt solution (Sodium Chloride or Brine).

Caustic Soda and Chlorine are generated in the ratio of 1:0.89. Demand for chlorine drives caustic soda production globally, but in India the industry has developed in line with the demand-supply balance of caustic soda.

There are three alternative technologies used to manufacture caustic soda from brine. These are membrane cell; diaphragm and mercury cell technologies.

1. The membrane cell technology involves lower power costs compared to the other two. It is also the most environmental friendly as it does not use any hazardous materials as compared to mercury cell and diaphragm technologies which use mercury and asbestos respectively.

The post CAUSTIC SODA (SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NAOH) BY ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

]]> INTRODUCTION
USES
USES OF CHORINE
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
MARKET OVERVIEW OF CAUSTIC SODA CHLORINE
INSTALLED CAPACITY & PRODUCTION IN LAST 10 YEARS
IMPORTS
EXPORTS
SECTORWISE CAUSTIC SODA CONSUMPTION IN INDIA DURING 2017-18
INSTALLED CAPACITY & PRODUCTION OF CAUSTIC SODA
INSTALLED CAPACITY & PRODUCTION OF CHLORINE
CONSUMPTION OF CAUSTIC SODA & LIQUID CHLORINE
EXPORT OF CAUSTIC SODA
EXPORT OF LIQUID CHLORINE
IMPORT OF CAUSTIC SODA
IMPORT OF LIQUID CHLORINE
TOP FIVE EXPORT DESTINATION OF CAUSTIC SODA & LIQUID
CHLORINE (2016-17)
GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW OF CAUSTIC SODA
PROCESS OVERVIEW
DIAPHRAGM CELL
MEMBRANE CELL
PROCESS FLOW SHEET
CHLORINE PRODUCTION FROM MEMBRANE CELLS
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR CAUSTIC SODA MANUACTURE
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS FOR CHLORINE AND CAUSTIC SODA
OPERATIONAL OF MEMBRANE CELL PLANTS
BACKGROUND OF THE FIRST MEMBRANE CELL PLANT IN INDIA
SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE PLANT
WATER SEAL CLARIFIER
FILTERS
SECONDARY BRINE UNIT
CELL ROOM
POWER CONSUMPTION
PERFORMANCE
PRIMARY BRINE
FEED BRINE QUALITY
DEPLETED BRINE
QUALITY OF CAUSTIC SODA
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
LIQUID CHLORINE
COMPRESSED HYDROGEN GAS
CELL VOLTAGE AND POWER CONSUMPTION
ADVANTAGE OF MEMBRANCE CELLS COMPARED TO MERCURY CELLS BRINE
RESULTS IS, CASE OF A MEMBRANE CELL PLANT:
CONSUMPTION FIGURES
POWER CONSUMPTION
CATHODE GAS
CHLORIE LIQUEFACTION
HYDROGEN TREATMENT
CELL HOUSE OPERATION
CELL MAINTENANCE
MOVING EQUIREMENT IN CELL HOUSE
ELECTROLYSIS OF BRINE
THE NET RESULT OF THE REACTION CAN BE WRITTEN AS:
PRINCIPAL AMONGST THESE ARE:
CHLORINE AND CAUSTIC PRODUCTION
THE DIAPHRAGM CELL PROCESS
TYPES OF CHLORALKALI CELL PROCESSES
THE MERCURY CELL PROCESS
THE MEMBRANE CELL PROCESS
DETAILS OF MEMBRANE CELL
CHLOR-ALKALI ELECTROLYSIS PROCESS
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
DIAPHRAGM CELL –
MERCURY CELL –
SAFETY AND HEALTH HAZARDS
TREATMENT OF EFFLUENTS RELEASING FROM CHLORO ALKALI PLANT
BLOCK DIAGRAM TO MANUFACTURE CAUSTIC SODA (MEMBRANCE
CELL TECHNOLOGY)
TECHNOLOGY AND ENERGY CONSERVING POTENTIAL
PRODUCTION PROCESS AND ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY
RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES (IMPORTED)
SUPPLIERS OF CAUSTIC SODA PLANT & EQUIPMENTS ON TURNKEY BASIS
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF SALT
SUPPLIERS OF SODIUM CARBONATE
SUPPLIERS OF SULPHURIC ACID
SUPPLIERS OF LIME
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT (ETP PLANT)
SUPPLIERS OF BOILERS

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

The post CAUSTIC SODA (SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NAOH) BY ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

]]> CAUSTIC SODA FROM TRONA https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/caustic-soda-trona/ Sat, 17 Dec 2016 06:41:42 +0000 http://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=7266 Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound. It is a white solid and highly caustic metallic base and alkali of sodium which is available in pellets, flakes, granules, and as prepared solutions at different concentrations. Sodium hydroxide forms an approximately 50% (by mass) saturated solution with water.

Sodium hydroxide is soluble in water, ethanol and methanol. This alkali is deliquescent and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide in air.

Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries, mostly as a strong chemical base in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents and as a drain cleaner.

Caustic soda, also known as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is an important industrial chemical product produced on a tonnage basis in both solid and liquid form. It is deliquescent, absorbing water vapour and carbon dioxide from the air. It  is  also  extremely corrosive  and  should  be  handled  with  great  care.  Adequate protection  from  body   with the   solid  form  or  concentrated solutions  should be provided. It is also a fire hazard  compound as  it heats spontaneously and may ignite  combustible  materials that are nearby.

Natural deposits containing sodium carbonate are scattered through out the world. The most abundant and useful form of sodium carbonate are these deposits as called trona.

A sodium carbonate deposit is, normally, a massive brown matrix of trona containing other alkaline minerals, as well as shales.

INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS
USES AND APPLICATION
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
RAW MATERIALS
MARKET SURVEY
GLOBAL MARKET POSITION OF CAUSTIC SODA
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF CAUSTIC SODA FROM TRONA
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
PROCESS DETAILS
FLOW DIAGRAM
PROCESS FLOWSHEET FOR MANUFACTURING OF CAUSTIC SODA FROM SODA ASH
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY (INDIA)

APPENDIX – A :

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT

The post CAUSTIC SODA FROM TRONA appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

]]> The post CAUSTIC SODA FROM TRONA appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

]]> Production of sodium sulphide https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/project-report-on-production-of-sodium-sulphide/ Thu, 27 Nov 2014 12:18:16 +0000 http://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=3911 Project Report Covers:

Introduction
Uses and Applications
Properties
Market Survey with future aspects
Present Manufacturers
B.I.S. Specifications
Manufacturing Process with Formulae
Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
Capacity
Land & Building Requirements with Rates
List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
Raw Materials
Details/List and Costs
Power & Water Requirements
Labour/Staff Requirements
Utilities and Overheads
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Cost of Production
Break Even Point
Profitability
Land Man Ratio
Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post Production of sodium sulphide appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

]]> Sodium sulphide, Na2s, is an organic chemical that has attained as very  important position in  the  organic  chemical industry.

It is an important sulphide of sodium.  It is widely used in leather industry for removing hairs from the hide.   It finds extensive applications in textile and also synthetics of sulphur dyes and reduction of amino compounds.  It is also used in  paper industry, lothogrraphy and engraving manufacture of sulphur black dyes etc.

There was no production of sodium sulphide in India before the   war,   all the  requirements  being  met   from   imports.  Arrangements  for  the  import  of  sodium  sulphide  failed  and considerably  difficulty  was  experienced  by  the  textile  and terming  industries in meeting the requirements of  the  defense serious   for textiles and leather.  The question  of  developing the  sodium  sulphide  industry in India became  urgent  and  was immediately  taken  up.   Shortly  before  that  time   extensive deposits  of  sodium  sulphate  from  which  sodium  sulphide  is manufactured.   The  smaller  producers  either  obtained  sodium sulphate  which left over as a by-product in the  manufacture  of bichromates or hydrochloric and nitric acids or Rayon industries, as  in most foreign countries.  There was no control over either production of sodium sulphide or its distribution or its price during war time.

The post Production of sodium sulphide appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

]]> CAUSTIC SODA FROM SODIUM CARBONATE & LIME https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/caustic-soda-sodium-carbonate-lime/ Mon, 29 Sep 2014 07:35:44 +0000 http://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=2817      Caustic  soda, also known as sodium hydroxide (NaoH)  is  an important industrial chemical product produced on a tonnage basis in  both  solid and liquid form.  It is  deliquescent,  absorbing water  vapour  and  carbon  dioxide from the  air.   It  is  also extremely  corrosive  and  should be  handled  with  great  care.  Adequate  protection  from body contact with the  solid  form  or concentrated  solutions  should be provided.  It is also  a  fire hazard  compound  as  it  heats  spontaneously  and  may   ignite combustible materials that are nearly.

Project Report Covers:

  •     Introduction
  •     Uses and Applications
  •     Properties
  •     Market Survey with future aspects
  •     Present Manufacturers
  •     B.I.S. Specifications
  •     Manufacturing Process with Formulae
  •    Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
  •     Capacity
  •     Land & Building Requirements with Rates
  •     List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
  •     Raw Materials
  •     Details/List and Costs
  •     Power & Water Requirements
  •     Labour/Staff Requirements
  •     Utilities and Overheads
  •     Total Capital Investment
  •     Turnover
  •     Cost of Production
  •     Break Even Point
  •     Profitability
  •     Land Man Ratio
  •     Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post CAUSTIC SODA FROM SODIUM CARBONATE & LIME appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

]]> The post CAUSTIC SODA FROM SODIUM CARBONATE & LIME appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

]]> CAUSTIC SODA [SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NaoH)] BY ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/caustic-soda-sodium-hydroxide-naoh-electrolytic-process/ Wed, 17 Sep 2014 07:33:38 +0000 http://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=2599       Alkali chemical constitutes the oldest segment of the chemical industry. These chemicals serve as key inputs for a number of industries such as aluminium, soap, detergent, glass, tyre, rubber, pulp and paper, pharmaceutical, water treatment, textiles, leather, fiber etc. The key chemicals in the chlor-alkali industry are

•    Caustic Soda
•    Chlorine (including liquid chlorine)
•    Soda Ash

Caustic Soda (chemically known as Sodium Hydroxide) and Chlorine are produced together through the electrolysis of common salt solution (Sodium Chloride or Brine).
Project Report Covers:

  •     Introduction
  •     Uses and Applications
  •     Properties
  •     Market Survey with future aspects
  •     Present Manufacturers
  •     B.I.S. Specifications
  •     Manufacturing Process with Formulae
  •    Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
  •     Capacity
  •     Land & Building Requirements with Rates
  •     List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
  •     Raw Materials
  •     Details/List and Costs
  •     Power & Water Requirements
  •     Labour/Staff Requirements
  •     Utilities and Overheads
  •     Total Capital Investment
  •     Turnover
  •     Cost of Production
  •     Break Even Point
  •     Profitability
  •     Land Man Ratio
  •     Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post CAUSTIC SODA [SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NaoH)] BY ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

]]> The post CAUSTIC SODA [SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NaoH)] BY ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

]]> CAUSTIC SODA [SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NaoH)] https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/caustic-soda-sodium-hydroxide-naoh/ Fri, 14 Mar 2014 07:59:17 +0000 http://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=1444      Caustic  soda, also known as sodium hydroxide (NaoH)  is  an important industrial chemical product produced on a tonnage basis in  both  solid and liquid form.  It is  deliquescent,  absorbing water  vapour  and  carbon  dioxide from the  air.   It  is  also extremely  corrosive  and  should be  handled  with  great  care.
Adequate  protection  from bodly contact with the solid  form  or concentrated  solutions  should be provided.  It is also  a  fire hazard  compound  as  it  heats  spontaneously  and  may   ignite combustible materials that are nearly.

Project Reports Cover:

  •     Introduction
  •     Uses and Applications
  •     Properties
  •     Market Survey with future aspects
  •     Present Manufacturers
  •     B.I.S. Specifications
  •     Manufacturing Process with Formulae
  •    Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
  •     Capacity
  •     Land & Building Requirements with Rates
  •     List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
  •     Raw Materials
  •     Details/List and Costs
  •     Power & Water Requirements
  •     Labour/Staff Requirements
  •     Utilities and Overheads
  •     Total Capital Investment
  •     Turnover
  •     Cost of Production
  •     Break Even Point
  •     Profitability
  •     Land Man Ratio
  •     Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post CAUSTIC SODA [SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NaoH)] appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

]]> The post CAUSTIC SODA [SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NaoH)] appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

]]> CAUSTIC SODA LYE https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/caustic-soda-lye/ Tue, 11 Mar 2014 13:16:48 +0000 http://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=1399 Caustic soda lye, also known as sodium hydroxide (NaoH) is an important industrial chemical product produced on a tonnage basis in  both  solid and liquid form.  It is  deliquescent,  absorbing water  vapour  and  carbon  dioxide from the  air.   It  is  also extremely  corrosive  and  should be  handled  with  great  care.
Adequate  protection  from body contact with the  solid  form  or concentrated  solutions  should be provided.  It is also  a  fire hazard  compound  as  it  heats  spontaneously  and  may   ignite combustible materials that are nearly.

Project Reports Cover:

  •     Introduction
  •     Uses and Applications
  •     Properties
  •     Market Survey with future aspects
  •     Present Manufacturers
  •     B.I.S. Specifications
  •     Manufacturing Process with Formulae
  •    Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
  •     Capacity
  •     Land & Building Requirements with Rates
  •     List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
  •     Raw Materials
  •     Details/List and Costs
  •     Power & Water Requirements
  •     Labour/Staff Requirements
  •     Utilities and Overheads
  •     Total Capital Investment
  •     Turnover
  •     Cost of Production
  •     Break Even Point
  •     Profitability
  •     Land Man Ratio
  •     Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post CAUSTIC SODA LYE appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

]]> The post CAUSTIC SODA LYE appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

]]> Caustic Soda from Electrolysis https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/caustic-soda-electrolysis/ Fri, 27 Dec 2013 12:09:55 +0000 http://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=557 Caustic soda, also known as sodium hydroxide (NaoH) is an important industrial chemical product produced on a tonnage basis in both solid and liquid form. It is  deliquescent, absorbing water vapour and carbon dioxide from the air. It is also extremely  corrosive and should be handled with great care. Adequate protection from body contact with the solid form or concentrated solutions should be provided. It is also a fire hazard  compound as it heats spontaneously and may ignite combustible materials that are nearby.

Project Reports covers:

Introduction
Uses and Applications
Properties
Market Survey with future aspects
Present Manufacturers
B.I.S. Specifications
Manufacturing Process with Formulae
Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
Capacity
Land & Building Requirements with Rates
List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
Raw Materials
Details/List and Costs
Power & Water Requirements
Labour/Staff Requirements
Utilities and Overheads
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Cost of Production
Break Even Point
Profitability
Land Man Ratio
Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post Caustic Soda from Electrolysis appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

]]> The post Caustic Soda from Electrolysis appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

]]>