In modern fertilizers industry ammonium nitrate as a single nitrogen fertilizer is produced from ammonia and weak nitric acid (55-65% HNO3).

Ammonium nitrate synthesis is an exothermic process, but the neutralization heat is released at a low temperature level (135-180oC). As the weak nitric acid introduces a significant quantity of water in the process, the ammonium nitrate is obtained as a water solution. Hence about 300 to 400 kg water per ton AN has to be evaporated in order to obtain ammonium nitrate melt (>99% AN) which then is solidified by prilling or granulation. Despite that the major part of the water is evaporated using the reaction heat, some import MP or LP (1.0-1.6 MPa) steam is consumed in the production process. The obtained process steam and/or process condensate and also air used in the prilling or granulation processes contain some ammonia and ammonium nitrate and must be purified before being released into the environment or used in other processes at the same site. The purification processes also consume energy as heat and electricity.

The quantity and quality of the consumed energy depend on the design and basic parameters of the overall process and especially of the neutralizer and evaporator designs and also on the waste flows purification method. Safety is also the major consideration which restricts the choice of parameters and designs and is the reason of the limited energy-saving options of the AN production process. Therefore various designs and approaches are developed and used in modern ammonium nitrate plants in order to find a reasonable compromise between these contradictory requirements.

The exergy method is considered to be the most appropriate and useful tool to estimate and compare different chemical processes from a Second Law-based point-of-view. However, the exergy method is used very rarely to analyse industrial ammonium nitrate production processes and plants.

All living beings requires certain essential nutrition for its survival and growth. Plant and other vegetations are no doubt living being & thus, they also requires certain foods to grows. The fertilizer are that meterial which are added to the soil to supply nutrients for the survival & formal growth of plant. The fertilizers promote their growth fruit fully. The element that constitute these essential plant food as follows:-

1. Nitrogen,
2. Phosphorus,
3. Potassium,
4. Calcium,
5. Magnesium
6. Sulfur,
7. Iron,
8. Manganese,
9. Copper,
10. Zinc,
11. Boron,
12. Molybenum

First three among list are primary element; next there are secondary element; rest are micro nutrient.

Calcium & Magnesium maintains also the PH & I in addition to improve their nutritional valve. All these nutrients are present in soil naturally (excluding micro nutrients) but their supply is not adequate for sustained & economic cultivation.

Fertilizer are thus most important products of the chemical industry. During the decade 1978-1990 fertilizer production technology continued to advance rapidly. This is due to the increased population & need for excessive food production to fulfill their demand.

Nitrogen is the nutrient used in fertilizer in the largest amount. There are various nitrogenous compound, which are used as Ammonium Nitrate, Calciums Ammonium nitrate, Ammonium Sulfate Nitrate, Urea, Sodium nitrate etc.

Among these nitrogenous fertilizers. Ammonium Nitrate is very important for the following reasons:-

1. High analysis {35% N2} a strong economic factor in its storage;

2. Case and safety of application.

3. Safety in production & handing.

4. Care of pollution control in its manufacture.

5. Efficient production technology.

Ammonium nitrate (NH3NO3) formula weight 80.0 does not occur in nature and waw first made and disdescribed in 1654 by Gauber, who called it nitrum commons because of the difference of its yellow flame (from traces of sodium) from that of potassium nitrate. It is the most important of the ammonium compound from the stand points of volume of production and major uses is the united states and the world large tonnages are used as a nitrogens fertilizer, in military explosives and in blasting compositions.

Ammonium nitrate is the most important N2 fertilizer because of the high N2 content (35%) and the simplicity and cheapness of manufacturers. It is vital ingredients in the so called safety type explosives e.g. Dynamide and is blended with TNT to form matol. Ammonium nitrate is a chemical salt produce commercially by the reaction of ammonia and Nitric acid. Ammonium nitrate is used in dynamites used for blasting. To be more precise it acts as an explosives ingredients in bombs and dynamics. Ammonia nitrate is also used as basic fertilizers supplying nitrogen element which is the most important nutrition element needed for plant growth.

Ammonium nitrate (Explosive goods) can be manufactured easily on a commercially scale in three form eg. bilets, powder and granules. All the three forms have their relatives advantages disadvantages and can together be manufactured in one single unit.

Until the World War II the chief use of ammonium nitrate was in the explosive industry as a lowstituent of dynamite and amotole in mixture of ammonium nitrate and TNT). It is used in fertilizers was limited because of its hydroscopic properties & consequences and lending to set in large blocks.

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Synthetic detergents had been developed in the beginning of 20th century and started making inroads into the area earlier served by washing compounds i.e. soaps made traditionally from oils/fats and caustic soda. Since soaps have comparatively lesser washing characteristics in hard water than synthetic detergents, synthetic washing compounds have been able to occupy a significant market which was enjoyed by washing soaps earlier. The term detergents which originated from the Latin word detergine (i.e. to wipe off), is now a days applied to all synthetic washing compounds. Synthetic detergents are not only used as cleaning materials but also have industrial applications in textiles, pesticide industry as carriers, etc.

It is intended to prepare a Feasibility Report to install 600 Tons/Year Acid Slurry (LABSA) production facility as a Green Field Project.

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Common side effects include trouble sleeping, anxiety, headache, hallucinations, high blood pressure, fast heart rate, loss of appetite, and inability to urinate. Serious side effects include stroke, heart attack, and abuse. While likely safe in pregnancy, its use in this population is poorly studied. Use during breastfeeding is not recommended. Ephedrine works by increasing the activity of the α and β adrenergic receptors.

Ephedrine was first isolated in 1885 and came into commercial use in 1926. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.69–1.35 per dose. In the United States it is not very expensive. It can normally be found in plants of the Ephedra type. Dietary supplements containing ephedrine are illegal in the United States, with the exception of those used in traditional Chinese medicine, where its presence is noted by má huáng.

Ephedrine promotes modest short-term weight loss, specifically fat loss, but its long-term effects are unknown. In mice, ephedrine is known to stimulate thermogenesis in the brown adipose tissue, but because adult humans have only small amounts of brown fat, thermogenesis is assumed to take place mostly in the skeletal muscle. Ephedrine also decreases gastric emptying. Methylxanthines such as caffeine and theophylline have a synergistic effect with ephedrine with respect to weight loss. This led to creation and marketing of compound products. One of them, known as the ECA stack, contains ephedrine with caffeine and aspirin. It is a popular supplement taken by bodybuilders seeking to cut body fat before a competition.

Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine used for allergic conditions, CNS (Central Nervous System) stimulation, and prophylaxis and treatment of hypotension. It is useful as an adjunct to neostigmine in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Either the sulphate or hydrochloride is used for the systemic effects of the alkaloid. Sterile solutions can be injected subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intravenously. Tropical
application to the respiratory or conjuctival mucosa is common.

1. AO.5 - 1.0% solution is used as a nasal decongestant.

2. A 4% solution is used as a mydriatic.

3. The 1-3% solution of the free base in oil is available for tropical use.

The preferred natural source of ephedrine is "Ma Haung" which is a mixture of E. equisetina, E. Sinica, and E. distachya. The yield of crude alkaloid is in the range of 0.5. - 2%, depending on the species, of this, upto 90% may be ephedrine. Ephedrine is soluble in water, alcohol, chloroform, and ether. It melts over a range of 33-42~c, depending on the water content.

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CAS No. 123-77-3
Formula NH2CON=NCONH2
Appearance Yellow to orange red, odorless, crystalline powder
Specific Gravity 1.65
Solubility In Water Soluble in hot water

Safety

In the UK, the Health and Safety Executive has identified azodicarbonamide as a respiratory sensitiser (a possible cause of asthma).

Specification

Assay 97.0% min
Ash 0.2% max
Decomposition temp 200 C min
Gas yield 210 min (ml/g
Heat loss 0.3% max
Water 0.25% max

Application

Azodicarbonamide (ADC) is mainly used in the following sectors as blowing agent (also called foaming agents):

1. Packaging materials,
2. Construction materials (mainly heat insulation materials)
3. UPVC pipes (unplasticized polyvinyl chloride)
4. EVA(ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer)
5. PVC (polyvinyl chloride) artificial leather.
6. Shoe soles (PVC or EVA for sport shoes),
7. Wallpaper
8. Carpet pads
9. Polyolefines (telephone cables and electrical wires).

Azodicarbonamide releases nitrogen gas and is a general foaming agent for rubbers and plastics such as PVC, EVA, polyolefin, polystyrene products. It is also used as an aging and bleaching ingredient in cereal flours and dough conditioner in baking bread.
Azo-di-carbon-amide of molecular weight 116 is a chemical organic compound having chemical formula H4N4C2O2 and denoted structurally as

O O
|| ||
H2N C N == N C N H2

Azodicarbonamide also known as '1,1'- azobisformamide on dry decomposition at 190oC yields a gas of about 60% N2 , 35% CO and minor amounts of ammonia carbon and carbon dioxide. The gas yield is high 230-240 ml/g at standard temperature of pressure (CSTP). In 1978 largest volume of blowing agent 5000 metric tons produced in the U.S. was azodicarbonamide. Azodicarbonamide (ADA) also known as azobisformide (ABFA) is the most important organic chemical blowing agent for PVC as many desirable properties required in a good blowing agent and in addition is non-flammable plastisols . It is used in the manufacture of PVC foam fabrics, floor coverings, low density open-cell foam, extruded low-density gaskets, wire and cable Jackets, slush molded products, cross cap-liners, injection moulded sols and high density profiles etc.

A B F A is also used as foaming agents for Ethylene-Vinyl acetate (EVA) plasters. Various grades of foaming agents of azodicarbonamide are available and are marketed in various trade names of grade, Viz ADC, Urea, Kempora, Celogen AZ, Cenitron AC, Profor ADC, Azoid, Polyzole-AZDN, Fisons Cenetron Ac/3 and A c/4 powder grades etc. chemically there exists only two variety Viz Technical and F.C.C. Technical variety A D A is used for formulating various grades of Azodicarbonamide for addition to plastics & Rubber as blowing agents and production of various cellular, Foamed products. F.C.C. grade is used as murturing agents for flours. Foaming agents for plastics are available in a wide range of formulations and types depending on the plastic involved processing temperatures, end users etc.

Among chemical commercial organic foaming agents Azodicarbonamide is formulated to be used for productions of EVA CHAPPAL, PVC foamed injection moulded goods & shoe soles etc. In the field of cellular plastics Azodicarbonamide is preferred as blowing/Foaming agents to achieve desired results. Particularly for Footwear microcellular moulded PVC and PVC blend soles have been in used for a considerable time as have PVC upper in some types of footwear. The man synthetic materials competing with PVC in the former application are polyurethane, some thermoplastic rubbers and EVA (as well as natural rubbers), and in the latter mainly polyurethane. Complete units (Boots, shoes and sandals) are produced from PVC by injection moulding, including all-weather golf shoes (from a PVC/nitrile rubber blend).

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Structure of Salicylic Acid

Its structural formula is C6H4(OH)COOH, which can also be written as C7H6O3 in the condensed form. Its IUPAC name is 2-hydroxybenzoic acid. It contains a hydroxyl group (—OH group) attached at the ortho position with respect to the carboxylic acid functional group(—COOH group) present on the benzene ring. The molecular weight (or molar mass) of Salicylic Acid is 138.12 g/moI. The various forms in which the molecular structure of Salicylic Acid can be represented are given below:

All carbon atoms present in the benzene ring of Salicylic Acid are sp2 hybridized. Salicylic Acid forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond. In aqueous solution, Salicylic Acid, being an organic acid, dissociates to lose a proton from the carboxylic acid functional group. The resulting carboxylate ion (—COO-) undergoes intermolecular interaction with the hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group (—OH), thereby leading to the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond.

The ortho hydroxy benzonic acid is known as salicylic acid, in the commerical terms. In natural sources, free salicylic acid is found in small quantities. It is found in leaves of tulips, hyacinths and voilets. It also occurs as a glycoside "Salicin" in Willow Park. This material has been used for the treatment of malaria from the middle of eighteenth century and the anti puretic effects in rehumatic fever were noted about 100 years later. Salicin has been covated to salicylic acid by hydrolyzis and oxidation:

// \ // \ // \
| || CH2OH | || CH2OH | || CO2H
| || O C5H11 | || OH----- | || OH
\\ / O -------- \\ / \\ /

Salicylic acid

But the increasing demand of this product has made its production possible by synthesis.

Salicylic acid is classified as a fine chemical and is used almost exclusively as a medicinal or as an intermediate in the manufacture of medicinals and pharmaceuticals. Actually, salicylic acid and its derivatives account for about one half the total amount of coal tar medicines produced in the United States chiefly because of the enormous sale of aspir in acetylsalicylic acid. Salicylic acid is usually manufactured by makers of phenol, the chief raw material, who engaged in general line of fine chemical manufacture. Aspirin, the chief product of which salicylic acid is the intermediate, is also commonly manufactured by the same producers, who sell it in bulk to pharmaceutical houses, which tablet and package it from sale.

Salicylic acid is the most important member of phenolic mono carboxylic acids. Its melting point 158*C (degree centigrade). It occurs in the Free State in the flowers of spiracaulmaria and as a methylester in oil of winter green, the essential oil of the ericacia, Cultheria procumbens and in many other essential oils. It’s obtained by general methods.

1. From anthranilic acid

2. O. Sulpho - O - Bromo - Benzonic acids

3. From O -Cresel from saliganing or Salicylaldehyde.

4. From phenoxides by the action of carbon diexide or carbon tetrachloride.

5. From O - bromophenol by treatment with butyl lithium inether followd by puringon to solid carbodioxide (H Gilman and C.E. Aruntzer, J Amer 1947)

It also promed when coumarin or indigo is fused with potash and when copper benzoate is distilled.

Salicylic acid, also known as O-Hydroxy benzonic and occurs in the form of its methyl ester as the chief constitutent of oil winter green from which it is isolated for theapeutic purposes. Salicylic acid finds wide use as an analgesic, antiseptic and in flavours and spices. It also acts as an ultra violet absorber. It is classified as a fine chemican and is used exclusively as a medicinal or as an intermediate in medicines. Aspirin is a widely known pain relieving medicine prepared from salicylid acid. The present production of salicylic acid is insuffinient to meet the demand.

A wide gap exists between its production and demand. The raw materials required for the manufacture of salicylic acid are phenol, caustic soda and sulphuric acid, all of wihc are available indigenously. The plant and machinery is also available indigenously and no foreign help whatsoever is needed for putting up this industry.

Salicylic acid is an old well known organic compound. It is O-hydroxy benzonic acid. It crystalizes out of water in the form of white needless and from alcohol as monoclinic prims.

Salicylic acid is used most exclusively as a medicinal and as an intermediate in the manufacture of medicinals and pharmaceuticals such as aspirin and methyl salicylate, in the manufacture of dyes and in some resin applications. Salicylic acid I.P. is used as an antiseptic and disinfeotant. It is superior to phenol. It is a strong irritant to the skin. Formulations of 10-20% salicylic acid in collodion (solution of nitrated cellulose in ether and alcohol) are used as a wait corn remover. Dusting powders containing 5% salicylic acid in combination with methanol, boric acid and starch are ised for treatment of over per spiration.

I.P grade salicylic acid should contain not less than 99.5% and not more than 101.0% of C7H6O3 calculated on dry basis. The purity of salicylic acid is analysed by titration with standardized alkali for which India pharmacopoeia gives the procedure. Technical salicylic acid assays approx 99% in purity and is generally yellowish tan to off-white in colour.

Systemic poisoning may occur when it is applied to large areas of the skin.

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In addition many other chemicals like nicotine acid, nicotine sulphate, rutin, pectic and certain organic acids can be produced from these wastes.

The average nicotine content in Indian tobacco waste is 1-3% waste containing even less than 2 percent nicotine can be utilized. A simple and economic process by which about 95% of the nicotine present in tobacco waste can be recovered as nicotine sulphate has been developed by National Chemical Laboratory, Poona, and is being commercially exploited by Tobacco By Products Ltd., Guntur Urvakunj Tobacco By Products, Dharmaj (Gujarat) is also one of the nicotine sulphate manufacturing units.

Nicotine sulphate is extensively used in the control of insect pest of agricultural importance. It is being manufactured from waste tobacco and from the liquors obtained from factories making chewing and smoking tobacco. The waste tobacco is macerated with water and lime and then steam distilled. The distillate is neutralized with sulphuric acid and concentrated.

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These are number of items which can be repacked and sold in the market like castor oil, Glycerine, Ryzol, Gentian, Voilet, Mercurochrome liquid, Liquid Paraffin, Phenyle Antiseptic lotion, Hydrogen peroxide etc.

The repacking business is being carried out in different trades/ particularly in chemicals, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals and medicines. Such repacking units establish to a small unit and sell to the sophistica; ted items with their names. Such units have to register themselves with state government indicating their activities so that these may not be any possibility of adulteration.

The units for repacking of medicines have to be registered with the drug controller and they have to obtaind a licence in this regards.

The repacking units is of recent origin and very recently the people have thought of sharing the burden of large scale manufacturers by establishing the repacking units with a little capital investment.

In the Chemicals industry functional utility of a pack is very vital consideration than aesthetic appeal. The main requirements of the industry are:

i. The container should be completely non toxic and should pose no health hagard.

ii. There should be no chemical interaction between the product and the container.

iii. The container should provide excellent moisture resistance and other chemical barrier properties

iv. The container should be able to take pilfer proof cap so as to avoid adulteration.

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• Caustic Soda
• Chlorine (including liquid chlorine)
• Soda Ash

Caustic Soda (chemically known as Sodium Hydroxide) and Chlorine are produced
together through the electrolysis of common salt solution (Sodium Chloride or Brine).

Caustic Soda and Chlorine are generated in the ratio of 1:0.89. Demand for chlorine drives caustic soda production globally, but in India the industry has developed in line with the demand-supply balance of caustic soda.

There are three alternative technologies used to manufacture caustic soda from brine. These are membrane cell; diaphragm and mercury cell technologies.

1. The membrane cell technology involves lower power costs compared to the other two. It is also the most environmental friendly as it does not use any hazardous materials as compared to mercury cell and diaphragm technologies which use mercury and asbestos respectively.

2. The diaphragm technology involves higher capital and power costs. The quality of caustic soda is also of inferior quality. However, it is popular as the purity of chlorine from this method is highest and chlorine demand is major driver for caustic soda production globally.

3. Mercury cell technology involves lower capital costs compared to membrane and diaphragm technologies. However, it is not so popular because of related pollution hazards due to use of mercury.

Globally the diaphragm technology is the most widely used while in India the membrane cell technology accounts for more than 90% of the total capacity.

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INTRODUCTION
USES & APPLICATIONS
OURDOOR APPLICATION OF WPC
RAW MATERIALS
POLYMERS
WOOD
ADDITIVES
ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF WPC
ADVANCE MATERIALS FOR WPC
WOOD MODIFICATION
ADDITIVES
PROFILES
ASPECT OF WPC DURABILITY
STRUCTURAL
WEATHERING STUDIES
FIGURE  POLYETHYLENE (PE) – BASED COMPOSITE
DIFFERENT PROCESSES FOR WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES
EXTRUSION PROCESSING
SINGLE-SCREW EXTRUDER
COUNTER-ROTATING TWIN-SCREW EXTRUSION
COMPOSITE SYSTEM
WOOD RUDER
MISCELLANEOUS POST-EXTRUDER UNIT OPERATIONS
WPC MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES
WPC REPROCESSING
WPC NEW MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENTAL STAGES
PILOT EXPERIMENTATIONS
PREREQUISITE STAGE
STAGE 1
STAGE 2
STAGE 3
PROCESSES EXPERIMENTAL SETTINGS
FIG. ILLUSTRATIVE PROCESS FLOW CHART OF WPC MANUFACTURING
COMPONENTS OF WPC
MATRIX COMPONENT
THERMOSETS
THERMOPLASTICS
WOOD COMPONENT
WOOD SPECIES
WOOD PARTICLE SIZE
MARKET SURVEY
MARKET SHARE
QUALITY OF WPC IN INDIA
DESPITE BEING A PLASTIC COMPOSITE, WHY IS WPC CALLED
A GREEN MATERIAL?
FUTURE OF WPC IN INDIA
MARKET SURVEY (GLOBAL)
NEW MARKET- WPC
FENCING FUTURE
THREAT FROM THE EAST?
FEWER, BIGGER PLAYERS
ADDITIVES CREATE RECIPE FOR GROWTH SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF WPCS, CELLULOSICS, PLASTIC
LUMBER, AND NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES, 2008-2016 (METRIC TONS)
EXPORT OF WPC FROM INDIA
DETAILED IMPORT DATA
OF WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF
WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE BOARDS LINE
FORMULATION OF WPC BOARD
COMBINATION OF WPC BOARD
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF WPC BOARD
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF WPC BOARD
PRODUCTION OF WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE
TECHNICAL DETAILS OF WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES
THE ROLE OF RESINS:-
VARIATION IN PLASTIC FEEDSTOCK:-
PROCESSING CONSIDERATION
OF WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES
MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE
THE WPC MANUFACTURING PROCESS
WITH EXTRUSION FORMING
DETAILS OF RAW MATERIALS
TABLE 2.0: FUNCTIONS OF ADDITIVES USED IN THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD-POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES*
TECHNICAL DETAILS OF PVC WPC FOAM BOARD LINE
TECHNICAL/TURNKEY CONSULTANT FOR SETTINGUP WPC PLANT
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES (IMPORTED)
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES (INDIAN)
MANUFACTURERS/SUPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY
EXTRUDERS
PRESSING MACHINE
COOLING TOWERS
BOILER
GENERATOR SET (D.G. SET)
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
WOOD FLOUR
PLASTIC POLYMERS
COUPLING AGENT
ADDITIVES

APPENDIX – A:

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

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Potassium sulfate is after potassium chloride the most important potassium containing fertilizer being used mainly for special crops. Potassium sulfate constitutes 5%  of  the  world demand for potash fertilizer.

Prior to 1939, the German potash industry  was  the  chief source of potassium sulfate for American chemical and  fertilizer industries, although considerable tonnages were being produced in this  country  by  the  interaction  of potassium chloride and sulfuric acid as a side product of salt-cake  manufacture.  With the termination of European imports, the production of the salt was undertaken on a larger scale by the American Potash and Chemical Corp.  through the interaction of burkeite  (Na2CO3 2Na2SO4)  with  potassium  chloride  followed  in  turn  by   the successful  recovery  of  this  salt  from  langbeinite  by   the International  Minerals  and Chemical Corp. In  agricultural  use potassium  sulfate  is  preferred for the  tobacco  crop  of  the Southeast and the citrus crop of Southern California.

Relatively small amounts of other potassium salts are used as fertiliser, generally for special purposes. Tobacco and some vegetables are adversely affected by high chloride concentration, and K2SO4 or KNO3 are preferred. K2SO4 is made  in  substantial quantities  in  Europe by the
Mannheim process  from  potash  and H2SO4 and in the united states and other countries  by  various exchange reacting between K, Na, and Mg salts.

INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF POTASSIUM SULPHATE
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
USES AND APPLICATION
MARKET SURVEY
IMPORT AND EXPORT DATA OF POTASSIUM SULPHATE
DETAILED EXPORT DATA OF POTASSIUM SULPHATE
DEMAND PROJECTION OF SOP (SULPHATE OF POTASH)
GLOBAL SOP DEMAND FORCAST
GLOBAL MARKET POSITION OF POTASSIUM SULPHATE
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF POTASSIUM SULPHATE
RAW MATERIALS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF POTASSIUM SULPHATE
PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR POTASSIUM SULPHATE AND HYDROCHLORIC
ACID MANUFACTURING
DIFFERENT PROCESSES TO MANUFACTURE SULPHATE OF POTASH
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF POTASSIUM SULPHATE FROM SODIUM SULPHATE
RECOVERY OF POTASSIUM SULFATE FROM NATURAL COMPLEX SALTE
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY (IMPORTED)
PLANT LAYOUT
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES

APPENDIX – A:

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

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