Fats and oils are constructed of building blocks called “triglycerides” resulting from the combination of one unit of glycerol and three units of fatty acids. They are insoluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. They have lower densities than water, and may have consistencies at ambient temperature of solid, semisolid, or clear liquid. When they are solid appearing at normal room temperature, they are referred to as “fats,” and when they are liquid at that temperature, they are called “oils.” Fats and oils are classified as “lipids” which is a category that embraces a broad variety of chemical substances. In addition to triglycerides, it also includes mono- and diglycerides, phosphatides, cerebroids, sterols, terpenes, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, and other substances.

The word oil is derived from the Latin word oleum, originally used for olive oil, but nowadays it means any of numerous combustible and unctuous substances that are liquid at room temperature (this distinguishes them from fats) and soluble in many organic solvents but not in water. Vegetable oils are derived from plants and chemically are composed of triglycerides and several other minor components, which may be very important for different aspects.

Lipids in general, and edible vegetable oils in particular, are very important in foods. They are, however, vulnerable to quality deterioration and must be adequately protected by packaging throughout their commercial life. Sources of edible vegetable oils are many and varied, and their quality attributes such as nutritional properties, health benefits, lipid composition, odour, and colour are very important. A precise knowledge of these attributes and their changes throughout the supply chain is required to guide shelf life testing and estimation. Oils are generally stable microbiologically due to very low moisture content. However, they are subject to important chemical and physical changes.

Edible Oils” means vegetable Oils and fats but does not include any margarine, vanaspati, bakery shortening and fat spread as specified in the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 (37 of 1954) and rules made there under, for human consumption. Vegetable oils are derived from plants and chemically are composed of triglycerides and several other minor components, which may be very important for different aspects.

Vegetable oils are a group of fats that are derived from some seeds, nuts, cereal grains, and fruits. It is important to understand that not all of these vegetable oils are liquid oils at ambient temperatures. In addition, not all of the vegetable oils are produced in commercial quantities, and of those that are, not all are considered to be edible as in the sense of being a typical dietary component. This treatise will cover only edible vegetable oils.

The list of vegetable oils includes all vegetable oils that are extracted from plants by placing the relevant part of the plant under pressure, to squeeze the oil out. Although few plants are entirely without oil, the oil from a small set of major oil crops complemented by a few dozen minor oil crops has become widely used and traded.

Oils may also be extracted from plants by dissolving parts of plants in water or another solvent, and distilling the oil (known as essential oils), or by infusing parts of plants in a base oil (a process known as maceration; see list of macerated oils). The distilled essential oils often have quite different properties and uses to vegetable oils, and are listed in the list of essential oils.

Vegetable oils can be classified in several ways, for example:

By source: most, but not all vegetable oils are extracted from the fruits or seeds of plants, and the oils may be classified by grouping oils from similar plants, such as "nut oils".

By use: oils from plants are used in cooking, for fuel, for cosmetics, for medical purposes, and for other industrial purposes.

The post EDIBLE OIL FILLING & PACKAGING MANUFACTURING UNIT appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

The per capita consumption has grown by 8.1 per cent over the last five years. It stood at 12.5 kg/person per annum which is considerably low as compared to the world average of 17.5 kg/ annum. Developed countries like Japan, Brazil and USA consume around 20.8 kg/annum, 21.3 kg/annum and 48.0 kg/annum respectively. The imports mainly comprise Palm oil, Soybean oil and Sunflower oil. Indonesia, Argentina and Malaysia are the key exporters of oil to India. Olive oil is mainly imported from European countries like Italy and Spain. Rapeseed oil is imported from UAE.

While mustard seeds are abundantly produced in most parts of India, its milling/grinding is mostly done by the large centralized plants, which have the advantage of high efficiency and reduced costs due to economies of scale. Despite the clear advantage of large plants, the importance of tiny decentralized oil extraction units cannot be discounted as they also prove to be economic and present opportunities for self- employment in situations:

where oil produced by large plants do not find its way to remote and distant places because of high transportation costs involved in wider distribution and in places where there is no oil expeller in the area and the farmers sell oil seeds to large refineries which they then buy back at high cost in the form of cooking oil but without the valuable high protein oil cake.

Therefore, in recognition of the existing opportunities of setting-up mustard oil expeller units in such situations, tiny units are suggested for the first generation Tribal entrepreneurs – the investment for which is modest and the operation is simple.

The unit is required to maintain a minimum stock of seed and enough to continue operations throughout the year. Hence, the location of the unit has to be essentially in those areas where the raw material is locally available in abundance.

In general, more profit could be made if the cooking oil is packed into retail size bottles.

However, considering the difficulty in obtaining glass or plastic bottles in large quantities in remote areas and blocking thereby substantial capital, the possibility of using second- hand bottles may be utilised. Alternatively, oil could be sold in drums to the provision stores in neighboring towns/cities.

The viability of any oil extraction unit considerably depends on the sale of the oil cake, which is extensively used as animal feed and other sub-products.

Primitive mills and presses for extraction of oils from seeds have been in use sevice long.  Mechanization came with  the introduction  of the hydraulic press by the  end  of  the  18th Century.  This too was replaced by the more efficient screw press or expeller towards the end of the last century.

Edible oil should have a fairly high keeping quality. However oils get spoilt in storage due to various spoilage factors, the chief among them being oxidation. The edible oils and  fats  such as olive, cottonseed, corn, groundnut, sesamum, soyabean etc have been found to be almost completely assimulated.  As such vegetable oils may be classed as edible and non-edible. Important vegetable oils are castor, coconut, cottonseed, linseed, mustard,olive, palm, groundnut,  sesamum,  soyabeans, sunflower and rice bran oil etc.

Oil seed crops occupy an important place in the agriculture and industrial economy of the country. India is perhaps the only country in the world having the largest number of commercial varieties of oil seeds. Mustard Oil is also one of the major oil seeds from which edible oil is produced. In Northern & Central India. It is medium of cooking food. Besides it is also used in preparation of Pickles. The Mustard Oil Cake (By Product) is used as cattle feed.

INTRODUCTION
VARIETIES OF MUSTARD SEED
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF MUSTARD OIL MUSTARD OIL
(FROM BLACK MUSTARD SEED)
MUSTARD OIL (FROM WHITE MUSTARD SEDDS)
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC
USES AND APPLICATIONS
MUSTARD OIL PROPERTIES
MARKET SURVEY
INDIA EXPORT DATA OF AGRO FOOD PRODUCT: OIL MEALS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
MANUFACTURERS AND EPORTERS OF MUSTARD OILS
GENERAL PLANT LAYOUT
OTHER MISCELENEOUS ACTIVITIES
STANDARDS
WASTE TREATMENT PRIMARY TREATMENT
EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENT
MANPOWER
UTILITIES
STEAM
LIST OF FOOD AND AGRO PROCESSING CONSULTANTS
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
QUALITY CONTROL MANAL PROCEDURE
SUPPLIERS OF OIL EXPELLERS MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
STANDARDS APPLICABLE FOR STORAGE OF MUSTARD
STANDARDS APPLICABLE FOR DOMESTIC MARKET
QUALITY PARAMETERS
SAFETY PARAMETERS
STANDARDS FOR GRADING
STANDARDS APPLICABLE FOR INTERNTIONAL TRADE.
EGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK GOVERNING OIL SEED
PROCESSING INDUSTRY:
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF OIL REFINING SECTION
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF OIL REFINING SECTION – CONTINUES
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF OIL PACKING SECTION
MATERIAL BALANCE FOR PREPARATORY SECTION
MATERIAL BALANCE FOR OIL REFINERY
COMPLETE PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
FOR SOLVENT EXTRACTION PLANT
LIST OF FOREIGN MANUFACTURER/SUPPLIER OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
DE-GUMMING / PRE-REFINING BATCH PROCESS, RE-REFINING
(LONG-MIX) & WATER WASHING REFER FLOWCHART DLX-01
HEAT RECOVERY SECTION (BOTTOM TRAY)
PLANT LAYOUT

APPENDIX – A :

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

The post MUSTARD OIL PLANT appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

The per capita consumption has grown by 8.1 per cent over the last five years. It stood at 12.5 kg/person per annum which is considerably low as compared to the world average of 17.5 kg/ annum. Developed countries like Japan, Brazil and USA consume around 20.8 kg/annum, 21.3 kg/annum and 48.0 kg/annum respectively. The imports mainly comprise Palm oil, Soybean oil and Sunflower oil. Indonesia, Argentina and Malaysia are the key exporters of oil to India. Olive oil is mainly imported from European countries like Italy and Spain. Rapeseed oil is imported from UAE.

While mustard seeds are abundantly produced in most parts of India, its milling/grinding is mostly done by the large centralized plants, which have the advantage of high efficiency and reduced costs due to economies of scale. Despite the clear advantage of large plants, the importance of tiny decentralized oil extraction units cannot be discounted as they also prove to be economic and present opportunities for self- employment in situations:

where oil produced by large plants do not find its way to remote and distant places because of high transportation costs involved in wider distribution and in places where there is no oil expeller in the area and the farmers sell oil seeds to large refineries which they then buy back at high cost in the form of cooking oil but without the valuable high protein oil cake.

•    INTRODUCTION
•    VARIETIES OF MUSTARD SEED
•    FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF MUSTARD OIL MUSTARD OIL
•    (FROM BLACK MUSTARD SEED)
•    MUSTARD OIL (FROM WHITE MUSTARD SEDDS
•    PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC
•    USES AND APPLICATIONS
•    MUSTARD OIL PROPERTIES
•    MARKET SURVEY
•    FEATURES
•    MANUFACTURING PROCESS
•    MANUFACTURING PROCESS
•    MANUFACTURERS AND EPORTERS OF MUSTARD OILS
•    PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
•    EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
•    GENERAL PLANT LAYOUT
•    OTHER MISCELENEOUS ACTIVITIES
•    STANDARDS
•    EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENT
•    LIST OF FOOD AND AGRO PROCESSING CONSULTANTS
•    IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
•    SUPPLIERS OF OIL EXPELLERS MACHINERY
•    SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
•    STANDARDS APPLICABLE FOR STORAGE OF MUSTARD
•    STANDARDS APPLICABLE FOR DOMESTIC MARKET
•    SAFETY PARAMETERS
•    STANDARDS FOR GRADING
•    STANDARDS APPLICABLE FOR INTERNTIONAL TRADE.
•    COMPLETE PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS FOR SOLVENT EXTRACTION PLANT
•    LIST OF FOREIGN MANUFACTURER/ SUPPLIER  OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
•    SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
•    HEAT RECOVERY SECTION (BOTTOM TRAY)
•    PLANT LAYOUT

APPENDIX –A

01.    PLANT ECONOMICS
02.    LAND & BUILDING
03.    PLANT AND MACHINERY
04.    OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05.    FIXED CAPITAL
06.    RAW MATERIAL
07.    SALARY AND WAGES
08.    UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09.    TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10.    TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11.    COST OF PRODUCTION
12.    TURN OVER/ANNUM
13.    BREAK EVEN POINT
14.    RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15.    INSTALMENT  PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16.    DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17.    PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18.    PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

The post MUSTARD OIL EXTRACTION & REFINING PLANT appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Nigeria is located in West Africa with total land area of 923,768 sq km. The agriculture sector employs 70% of its labor force and contributes more than 33% to the GDP. The main crops grown are cotton, cocoa, rubber, peanuts,
palm, maize, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava, yams, timber and livestock. The agricultural sector in Nigeria, since 1970’s has been characterized by declining productivity and increased dependence on import of food and raw materials.

For decades cotton production (lint and cotton seed) has been a driving force for economic development in Nigeria. The neglect of the agricultural sector during the oil boom years (1970-80’s) had a direct impact on the cotton sector. In the recent years due to poor management and reduced production of both lint and seed, the cotton sector has slackened.

••    INTRODUCTION
•    PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF
•    USES AND APPLICATIONS
•    PROPERTIES
•    STORAGE OF COTTON SEEDS, OIL AND CAKE
•    USES AND APPLICATIONS
•    MARKET POSITION
•    EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM COTTONSEED
•    PROPERTIES
•    RAW MATERIALS
•    ADVANTAGES OF EXPANDER -EXTRUDER - COOKER
•    PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE
•    PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF SEED UNLOADING & CLEANING SECTION
•    PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF SOLVENT EXTRACTION SECTION
•    PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF OIL REFINING SECTION
•    PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF OIL REFINING SECTION-CONTINUES
•    PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF OIL PACKING SECTION
•    MATERIAL BALANCE FOR PREPARATORY SECTION
•    MATERIAL BALANCE FOR SOLVENT EXTRACTION
•    MATERIAL BALANCE FOR OIL REFINERY
•    MANUFACTURING PROCESS DESCRIPTION
•    VEGETABLE OIL REFINERIES
•    GMP/GHP CRITERIA FOR FOOD
•    UTILITIES
•    WASTE TREATMENT
•    EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
•    QUALITY CONTROL
•    MANPOWER
•    PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF SOLVENT EXTRACTION PLANT
•    PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
•    EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
•    PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
•    IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
•    COMPLETE PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
FOR SOLVENT EXTRACTION PLANT
•    LIST OF PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIER
•    LIST OF FOOD AND AGRO PROCESSING CONSULTANTS
•    COTTON SEED OIL MANUFACTURER
•    LIST AND COST OF PLANT & MACHINERY

APPENDIX – A :

.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT

The post EDIBLE OIL MANUFACTURING – 200 TPD appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Each ‘EIRI’ MARKET OVERVIEW CUM DETAILED TECHNO ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY REPORT (Complete Report) tentatively covers
•    Introduction
•    Properties
•    BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) Specifications & Requirements
•    Uses & Applications
•    Present Indian Market Overview/Position
•    Export & Import Statistics Data
•    Names and Addresses of Existing Units (Present Manufactures)
•    List of Plant & Machineries
•    Miscellaneous Items and Accessories
•    Instruments, Laboratory Equipments and Accessories
•    Electrification, Electric Load and Water
•    Maintenance, Suppliers/Manufacturers of Plant and Machineries
•    Manufacturing Process with Formulations (If applicable)
•    Flow Sheet Diagram
•    List of Raw Materials
•    Availability of Raw Materials
•    Requirement of Staff & Labour
•    Personnel Management
•    Skilled & Unskilled Labour
•    Requirement of Land Area
•    Built up Area
•    Plant Layout
Along with financial details as under:
•    Summary of Capital Cost of Project
•    Land & Side Development Exp.
•    Buildings
•    Plant & Machineries
•    Misc. Fixed Assets
•    Technical Know how Fees & Exp.
•    Preliminary Expenses
•    Pre-operative Expenses
•    Provision for Contingencies
Below mentioned financial statements (Annexure) will be  for 5 to 10 Years
•    Annexure:: Cost of Project and Means of Finance
•    Annexure:: Output, Profitability and Cash Flow Chart
•    Annexure:: Assessment of Working Capital requirements
•    Annexure:: Sources of Finance
•    Annexure:: Balance Sheets
•    Annexure:: Break-Even Analysis and profitability analysis.
•    Annexure:: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks
•    Annexure:: Sales Realisation
•    Annexure:: Raw Material Cost
•    Annexure:: Other Raw Material Cost
•    Annexure:: Packing Material Cost
•    Annexure:: Consumables, Store etc.,
•    Annexure:: Employees Expenses
•    Annexure:: Fuel Expenses
•    Annexure:: Power/Electricity Expenses
•    Annexure:: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.
•    Annexure:: Other Mfg. Expenses
•    Annexure:: Administration Expenses
•    Annexure:: Selling Expenses
•    Annexure:: Depreciation Charges - Profitability
•    Annexure:: Depreciation Charges
•    Annexure:: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans
•    Annexure:: Tax on Profit
•    Annexure:: Assumptions for Profitability workings
•    Annexure:: Assessment of Working Capital

The post DECOLORIZATION OF REFINED RICE BRAN OIL (EDIBLE GRADE) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

PROJECT REPORT COVERS:

•         Introduction
•         Uses and Applications
•         Properties
•         Market Survey with future aspects
•         Present Manufacturers
•         B.I.S. Specifications
•         Manufacturing Process with Formulae
•        Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
•         Capacity
•         Land & Building Requirements with Rates
•         List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
•         Raw Materials
•         Details/List and Costs
•         Power & Water Requirements
•         Labour/Staff Requirements
•         Utilities and Overheads
•         Total Capital Investment
•         Turnover
•         Cost of Production
•         Break Even Point
•         Profitability
•         Land Man Ratio
•         Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post EDIBLE OIL EXTRACTION & REFINING appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Most  crude  oils and fats, whether  obtained  by  pressing, solvent extraction or rendering are given a preliminary  cleaning and clarification treatment by setting, screening, filtration  or centrifugation to make them more resistant against  deterioration during  storage.   When  required for edible  purposes  they  are nearly always given a further refining treatment.

PROJECT REPORT COVERS:

•         Introduction
•         Uses and Applications
•         Properties
•         Market Survey with future aspects
•         Present Manufacturers
•         B.I.S. Specifications
•         Manufacturing Process with Formulae
•        Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
•         Capacity
•         Land & Building Requirements with Rates
•         List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
•         Raw Materials
•         Details/List and Costs
•         Power & Water Requirements
•         Labour/Staff Requirements
•         Utilities and Overheads
•         Total Capital Investment
•         Turnover
•         Cost of Production
•         Break Even Point
•         Profitability
•         Land Man Ratio
•         Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post EDIBLE OIL EXTRACTION & REFINING appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

DETAILED FEASIBILITY REPORT COVERS:

• Introduction
• Uses and Applications
• Properties
• Market Survey with future aspects
• Present Manufacturers
• B.I.S. Specifications
• Manufacturing Process with Formulae
• Plant Layout
• Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
• Capacity
• Land & Building Requirements with Rates
• List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
• Raw Materials
• Details/List and Costs
• Power & Water Requirements
• Labour/Staff Requirements
• Utilities and Overheads
• Total Capital Investment
• Turnover
• Cost of Production
• Break Even Point
• Profitability
• Land Man Ratio
• Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post MINI OIL PLANT SUITABLE FOR GROUNDNUT OIL AND COTTON SEED OIL appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Project Report covers:

• Introduction
• Uses and Applications
• Properties
• Market Survey with future aspects
• Present Manufacturers
• B.I.S. Specifications
• Manufacturing Process with Formulae
• Plant Layout
• Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
• Capacity
• Land & Building Requirements with Rates
• List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
• Raw Materials
• Details/List and Costs
• Power & Water Requirements
• Labour/Staff Requirements
• Utilities and Overheads
• Total Capital Investment
• Turnover
• Cost of Production
• Break Even Point
• Profitability
• Land Man Ratio
• Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post Solvent extraction plant of cotton seed appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.