• Introduction
• Composition
• Fatty acids
• Resin acids
• Unsaponifiables
• Uses of Liquid Rosins
• Tall oil
• Lignins
• Calcium ions
• Sulphide ions
• Factors affecting quality of CTO
• Dehydration
• Depitching
• Rosin separation
• Heads separation
• Fatty acid separation

• Experimental Procedures
• Results and Discussion

• Cationic Surfactants Experimental
• Preparation of maleopimaric acid (MPA)
• Preparation of rosin cationic surfactants (QRMAE)
• Electrochemical measurement
• Surface Activity of the prepared surfactants
• Esterification of rosin
• Esterification of RMA-MPEG 750
• Characterization of the prepared Surfactants
• Surface Activity of the prepared surfactants

• Sources, production and utilization of crude tall oil
• Tall oil as a wood protection agent
• Wood extractives and natural durability
• Effect of tall oil on the biological durability of wood
• Effect of tall oil on water repellency
• Reducing the amount of oil needed
• Enhancing the drying properties of crude tall oil
• Enhancing the wood protection properties of tall oil
• Biodegradability of tall oil-based wood preservatives

• Resin synthesis
• Materials
• Curing process
• Trial experiments for scheme 2 and scheme 3
• Characterization of resins
• Results and discussion of resins
• FTIR analysis of the synthesized thermoset resins
• Composite preparation
• Hand lay-up impregnation
• Characterization of composites
• Flexural testing
• Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis

• Copolymers, Drying Processese
• Introduction
• Alkyd resin
• Alkyd-acrylic copolymers
• The drying process
• Synthesis of copolymers
• Celluloses used as fillers
• Films and coatings
• Characterization
• Surface modification
• Degree of substitution
• Barrier properties

• Manufacturing
• Production of sterols from vegetable oil distillates
• Production of sterols from wood pulp/tall oil
• Production of phytostanols from phytosterols
• Production of phytosterol and phytostanol esters
• Free fatty acid route
• Methylester route
• Commercial suppliers
• Chemical Characterization
• Composition and properties
• Quality of phytosterols, phytostanols and their esters
• Analytical methods
• Regulatory status
• Reactions and fate in foods
• Stability at high temperatures

• The BUS model

• Materials and Methods
• Raw materials
• Formulation of long-chain alcohols in Pluronic® F-68
• Cell culture assays
• Statistical analysis

• Polyurethanes Based on Tall Oil
• Synthesis of polyols
• Preparation and characterization of polyurethanes
• Properties of polyols
• Structure of polyols and polyurethanes
• Properties of polyurethanes

• Ricinoleic Acid Modification
• Polyamine Modification
• Amino Alcohol Modification
• Imidazoline Modification
• Metal Chelate Modification
• Ester Modification
• Amino Acid Modification
• Polyfunctional Corrosion Inhibitors
• Sulfonate & Sulfate Modification
• General Considerations
• Maleation of Crude Tall Oil

• Detailed Description
• Odor Level Comparison Tests

• The Drawings
• Description

• Performance of Imidazoline and Amide
• Experimental
• Inhibitor Performance Evaluation
• The tests are conducted as follows

• Table 2.1 Gross Compositional Characteristics of American Distilled Tall Oilsa
• Table 2.2 Composition of Fatty and Resin Acids in American Distilled Tall Oils
• Table 2.3 GLC Retention and NMR Characteristics of the Methyl Secodehydroabietatesa
• Table 2.4 Composition of Pimaric-and Isopimaric-Type Acids Comprising Resin Acids of American Distilled Tall Oilsa
• Table 4. 1. Composition of CTO
• Table 4.2. Degree of water repellent efficiency (DEt) of tall oil-treated pine sapwood samples measured after 1 and 96 hours of water immersion
• Table 4.3. Properties of the tall oil emulsions
• Table 5.1: Different mass ratio of MA to HOTOFA
• Table 5.2: DSC analysis table of all uncured resin samples
• Table 5.3: TGA analysis for different cured resins
• Table  5.4: Summary of the DMTA result
• Table 5.5: Summary of charpy properties
• Table 6.1. Fatty acid composition of various oils used in coatings
• Table 6.2. Alkyd resins studied and used in copolymer synthesis
• Table 6.3. Generalized recipe for copolymerizations
• Table 6.4. Synthesized and studied copolymers
• Table 6.5. Synthesized copolymer dispersions, which
• were applied on paperboard
• Table 6.6 Relative proportions of each proton and proton group in the polyol region
• Table 6.7. Tg values of copolymer films and onset temperatures of the DMA measurements.The results are averages of five measurements
• Table 6.8. Comparison of the quantity of fatty acids attached based on the integrated cellulose and acyl peaks in the 13C CPMAS NMR spectra
• Table 6.9. Degree of substitution and O/C ratio calculated from XPS measurements
• Table 6.10. Mechanical properties of copolymer films studied with DMA, the results are averages from 3 to 8 measurements
• Table 7.1. Commercial suppliers of phytosterols, phytostanols and/or their esters; 1) TO: tall oil; VO: vegetable oil
• Table 7.2: Physical characteristics and composition of different commercial phytosterols, phytostanols and their esters; 1) from TO sterols; 2) from VO sterols; 3) mainly sitosterol and campesterol
• Table 7.3. Phytostanol concentrations in food products on the market, including portion sizes
• Table 8.1: Composition of test materials
• Table 8.2: Calculation of the MTT, PGE2, and (MTT + PGE2) combined score values
• Table 8.3: Results from the MTT assay and the PGE2 determination for tissue treated with a single application of tall oils
• Figure 8.1: Determination of the cytotoxicity of single and repeated applications of tall oils
• Table 8.4: Results from the MTT assay and the PGE2 determination for tissue treated with repeated applications of tall oils
• Table 9.1. Percentage of viability of CHO and melanoma cell cultures in the presence of long-chain aliphatic alcohols
• Table 10.1. Specifications of oils
• Table 10.2. Characteristics of polyols
• Table 10.3. Thermal stability of polyurethanes

• Figure 1 .1  The tall oil process
• Figure 3.1. FTIR spectra of a) RMAE and b) QRMAE
• Figure 3.2. 1HNMR spectra of a) RMAE and b) QRMAE
• Figure 3.3 Relation between surface tension of QRMAE and time at different concentrations in a) water and b) 1M aqueous HCl solutions at 25°C.
• Figure 3.4. Adsorption isotherms of QRMAE at different concentrations in a) water and b) 1M aqueous HCl solutions at 25°C.
• Figure 3.5. FTIR Spectra of a) RMA and b) RMA-(MPEG 750)3
• Figure 3.6. Relation between surface tension of R-MPEG 750 and time different concentrations in 1M aqueous HCl solutions.
• Fig. 4.1. Simplified diagram of the tall oil distillation pr
• Fig. 4.2. Fatty acids.
• Fig. 4.3. Resin acids.
• Fig. 4.4 Degree of efficiency after the initial wetting and drying cycle, measured after 1 hour of water immersion
• Fig. 4.5 Degree of efficiency after the initial wetting and drying cycle, measured after 96 hours of water immersion
• Fig. 4.6. Degree of efficiency after six wetting and drying cycles, measured after 1 hour of water immersion
• Fig. 4.7. Degree of efficiency after six wetting and drying cycles, measured after 96 hours of water immersion
• Fig. 4.8. DSC diagrams (110°C air flow) indicating the oil oxidation rate
• Fig. 4.9. Water uptake by tall oil-treated pine sapwood in the seventh wetting and drying cycle
• Fig. 4.10. Amounts of oil pressed out of the samples during the compression test
• Fig. 4.11. Typical particle size distribution of a tall oil-based emulsion
• Figure 5.1: synthesis scheme 1
• Figure 5.2: synthesis scheme 2
• Figure 5.3: synthesis scheme 3
• Figure 5.4: Experimental set-up for synthesis of thermosetting resin
• Figure 5.5: the obtained resins with three different mass ratio of MA to HOTOFA
• Figure 5.6 : FTIR spectra comparison of TOFA and HOTOFA resins
• Figure 5.7: FTIR spectra comparison of HOTOFA, MHOTOFA 1:1, MHOTOFA 1.5: 1 and MHOTOFA 1.76:1resins
• Figure 5.8: DSC curve of uncured MHOTOFA 1to1 (no styrene) resin
• Figure 5.9: DSC curve for cured MHOTOFA 1to1 resin (no styrene, room T for 1h and post cure in 150°C for another 1h)
• Figure 5.10: Comparison of the DSC scan for cured and uncured MHOTOFA 1to1 (no styrene) resin
• Figure 5.11: TGA analysis of cured MHOTOFA 1:1 resin (no styrene)
• Figure 5.12: Viscose fiber and fiber mats lay-up orientation
• Figure 5.13: Six different composites from 3 different resins (with or without styrene) reinforced by viscose fiber
• Figure 5.14: Test specimens for flexural, DMTA, charpy, tensile
• Figure 5.15: Flexural strength comparison of the composites
• Figure 5.16: Flexural modulus comparison of the composites
• Figure 5.17: Strain at break% comparison of the composites
• Figure 5.18: variation in the storage modulus of the MHOTOFA composites
• Figure 5.19: Tan delta curves of the MHOTOFA composites
• Figure 5.20: the loss modulus curves of MHOTOFA composites
• Figure 5.21: Comparison of the storage modulus between the reinforced resin (composite) and the unreinforced resin, both blended with styrene
• Figure 5.22: Impact strength of the composites
• Figure 6.1. Structure of typical alkyd resin
• Figure 6.2. Miniemulsion and conventional emulsion polymerization
• Figure 6.3. Schematic presentation of the oxidative drying of alkyd resin
• Figure 6.5. SEC chromatograms of alkyd resins
• Figure 6.6. Monomer conversion of copolymers with different wt% of conjugated alkyd resin (BA-MMA ratio is 80:20) (copolymers11-15 in Table 6.4)
• Figure 6.7. Monomer conversion of copolymers with different wt% of nonconjugated Alkyd-TMP-3 and BA as monomer (copolymers 1-5 in Table 6.4)
• Figure 6.8. Particle-size distribution of emulsion and dispersion with various alkyd contents (copolymers 1, 3, 5 in Table 6.4)
• Figure 6.9. Grafting of acrylic macroradical to double bond (a-c) and bis-allylic site (d-f) in the fatty acid chain. a) Macroradical attacks DB in fatty acid chain. b) Grafting occurs and a new radical is formed. c) Polymerization continues at the new radical site. d) Macroradical attacks allylic hydrogen in fatty acid chain. e) Hydrogen is abstracted and a new radical is formed in fatty acid chain, where new radical approaches. f) Macroradical grafts to radical site in fatty acid chain
• Figure 6.10. Monomer conversion and acrylic degree of grafting. BA-MMA ratio (wt%) was 80:20 in samples with conjugated alkyd (copolymers 11-15 in Table 6.4) and 100:0 in samples with nonconjugated alkyd (copolymers 1-5 in Table 6.4
• Figure 6.11. a) Effect ofBA concentration on grafting site and efficiency. b) Effect of alkyd-acrylate ratio on various grafting sites (copolymers 16-20 in Table 6.4)
• Figure 6.12. DSC thermograms of alkyd resin and copolymers (copolymers 16-20 in Table 6.4)
• Figure 6.13. a) TG and b) DTG curves showing thermal stability of alkyd resin, alkyd-acrylic copolymers, and acrylic copolymer.
• Figure 6.14. Two parts of FTIR spectra of neat whiskers and fatty acid-modified whiskers.The carbonyl peak at app. 1740 cm-1 is marked with dotted line
• Figure 6.15. Thermal stability of neat whiskers and fatty acid-modified whiskers presented as TGA curves
• Figure 6.16. a) ssNMR spectrum of copolymer film and freeze-dried copolymer. b) FTIR spectra of copolymer film after various drying times showing the decreasing intensity of the cis H-C=CH peak (marked with dotted line)
• Figure 6.17. Stress-strain curves of copolymer films with various alkyd contents. One measurement of each film sample set is presented
• Figure 6.18. Storage modulus of copolymer films with various alkyd contents. One measurement of each film sample set is presented
• Figure 6.19. Figure 1 Water and oil absorbance of copolymer-coated cupboards (copolymers 30-37). Samples 34-37 were crosslinked with GMA
• Figure 6.20. Effect of TOFA-modified whiskers on mechanical properties of films
• Figure 6.21. Effect of various cellulose types on mechanical properties of the films
• Figure 6.22. Effect of TOFA-modified cellulose on a) oxygen barrier properties (copolymers 32 and 33) and b) water and oil absorbance (copolymer 32) of copolymer-coated paperboards.
• Figure 7.1. Steroid skeleton
• Figure 7.2. Molecular structure of some phytosterols, phytostanols and a fatty acid ester
• Figure 8.2: Determination of the irritancy potential of single and repeated applications of tall oils
• Figure 8.3: The combined cytotoxicity and irritancy potential of single and repeated applications of tall oils
• Fig. 9.1. Structure of long-chain aliphatic alcohol (polycosanols): docosanol and tetracosanol
• Fig. 9.2. Effect of long-chain aliphatic alcohol type on CHO-K1 cell growth
• Fig. 9.3. Effect of long-chain aliphatic alcohol type on melanoma cell growth
• Fig. 10.1. Chemical structure of the synthesized polyols and polyurethanes, where R1 – residue of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (C16-C24) and R2 – residue of aromatic diisocyanate
• Fig. 10.2. IR-spectra of polyols (1, 2) and urethanes (3, 4), based on tall oil FOR2 esters (1, 3) and diethanolamides (2, 4)
• Fig. 10.3. IR-spectra of tall oil diethanolamides (1, 2) and esters (3, 4), containing 2 % (1, 3) and 20 % (2, 4) of rosin acids
• Fig. 10.4. IR-spectra of polyurethanes based on tall oil diethanolamides (1, 2) and esters (3, 4), containing 2 % (1, 3) and 20 % (2, 4) of rosin acids
• Fig. 10.5. Density of polyurethanes versus the content of rosin acids
• Fig. 10.6. Tg of polyurethanes versus the content of rosin acids
• Fig. 10.7. Modulus of elasticity of polyurethanes versus the content of rosin acids
• Fig. 10.8. Tensile strength of polyurethanes versus the content of rosin acids
• Fig. 10.9. Elongation at break of polyurethanes versus the content of rosin acids
• Fig. 10.10. Shear bond strength to wood (W) and aluminium (Al) for polyurethanes versus the content of rosin acids
• Fig. 10.11. TGA curves of polyurethanes with the content of rosin acids of 2 %
• Fig. 19.1 is a general flow scheme of one embodiment of the invention
• Fig. 19.2 is a more detailed flow scheme of one embodiment of the invention

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• Sugar Based Confectionery
• Major Candy Types
• Raw Materials Used
• Sucrose
• Gross Compositions of Common Food Ingredients Used in Confectionery  Manufacture
• Invert Sugar
• Boiling Points of Sucrose Water Syrups of Different Concentrations
• Corn Syrups and Other Sweeteners
• Sugar substitutes
• Few Additional Ingredients (Raw Materials)
• Chocolate and Cocoa Products
• Cacao Beans
• Cocoa Bean Processing
• Chocolate Liquor
• Flow sheet of cocoa and chocolate manufacturing plant
• Cocoa Butter
• Cocoa
• Chocolate
• Five roll chocolate refiner
• Diagram of a chocolate conche machine showing roller within curved tank
• Limitation Chocolate
• Confectionery Manufacturing Process
• Extruding plastic candy centers which will be subsequently covered with chocolate
• Starch molding machine

• Ingredients
• Cocoa Nibs, Cocoa Liquor
• Sugar and Other Sweeteners
• Cocoa Butter
• Milk Products
• Emulsifiers
• Other Fats
• Flavor
• Chocolate Processes
• Preparation of ingredients
• Mixing
• Refining
• Buhler Automatic Hopper System
• Mixing and Double Refining System
• Milk Chocolate Processes
• Diagram of Modern Refiner System Switzerland
• Groen Crumb System Pilot Plant
• Couching
• The conche
• Diagram of Conche Pot
• Rotary Conches
• Rotary Conche Method of operation
• Frises Double Overthrow Conche

• Summary of confectionery processes
• Rolling and Cutting
• Casting or Depositing
• Hand Candy
• Conbar Sheeting and Cutting System
• Fondants, Jelles, Marshmallows
• Die Forming
• Extrusion and Bar Forming
• Rollers and Orifices for Extruded Products
• Wemer Candy Extruder side view
• Panning

• Process and Recipe for Sugar Boilings
• Large Scale Production
• Syrup Dissolving and Cooking
• Continuous Dissolver
• Hard Candy Production Line
• Uniplast Sweet Former
• Vacuum Boiling Pan
• Vacuum Cooking
• Continuous Vacuum Boiling System
• Pulled sugar, soft center bonbons, aerated boilings, fourres
• Continuous candy molding plant
• Sugar Pulling Machin
• Mintoe Type Hand Candy
• Soft Center Bonbons
• True Bonbons, Fourres

• Microstructure
• Water Activity (ERH)
• Composition
• Color

• Egg Syrups
• Cocoa Powder, Milk Powder, Spice Flavours
• Fats
• Examples of Formulation and Processes
• Soft Nougat
• Hard Chewy Nougat
• Preswhip Air Pressure Whisk
• Continuous Nougat Manufacture
• Fruit Chew
• Base Syrup
• Gelatin Solution
• Chewing sweets composition
• Jellies, Gums, Pastilles, Turkish Delight
• Solution of the Gelling Agent
• Gelling agents origin and uses
• Syneresis, pH, Gel Breakdown
• Gums
• Starch Jellies
• Continuous Starch Jelly Production

• Formula A-(Chemetator principle) using thin boiling starch
• Formula B-(Jet cooker) using high amylose starch
• Agar and Gelatin Jellies
• Gelatin Jelly (Acid Jelly)

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Turn Over/Annum

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Turn Over/Annum

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Turn Over/Annum

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Turn Over/Annum

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CLEANSING CREAMS MANUFACTURE

• Formula 1
• Procedure
• Formula 7
• Formulae 5 and 6
• Formulae 8 and 9
• Night and Massage Creams
• Vitamins in Skin Creams
• Oil Phase Constituents
• Moisturizing, Vanishing and Foundation Creams
• Moisturisers
• Occlusion
• Humectants
• Molsturisation
• Emollients
• Formulation of Vanishing & Foundation Creams
• formula 10
• Formulation of Pigmented foundation Creams
• Formulae (Water in oil creams) 11 and 12
• Formulae (Oil in water solid creams) 13 14 15
• Formulae 16 (Oil in water liquid make up)
• Formulae 17
• Hand Creams and Hand and body creams
• Formula 18
• Formula 19
• Formula 20
• Formula 21
• All purpose creams
• Formula 22
• Formulas 23, 24
• Protective Creams and hand Cleansers
• Barrier Materials-Protective Creams and Gels
• Formulae creams and lotions
• Formula 25
• Formulae (Protective hand creams)
• Formulae (Protective hand lotion) 28,29
• Formula 30 (Barrier cream)
• Non aqueous barrier products
• Formula 31 (Productive base)
• Formula 32 (Protective gel)
• Testing of protective preparation
• Hand Cleaners
• Formulae (Waterless hand gels) 33,34
• Formula 35 (Waterless hand gel)
• Formulae (Waterless hand  cleaners) 36,37
• Formula 38 (Skin clleansing gel)
• Formula 39 (Waterless hand cleansing cream)
• Formula 40 (Liquid hand cleanser)
• Formula 41 (Waterless hand cleanser)

• Example Formulations
• Formulae of Mild, Non-toxic Emulsifier based on Sucrose Esters
• Formulae of Triethanolamine Stearate (Anionic) Emulsifier System
• Formulae of Non-ionic Emulsifiers based upon sorbitol
• Formulae of Polyoyethylene Sorbitan Lanolin Derivatives
• Formula of less sticky and more pleasant anhydrous ointments
• Lubricant and Perfume based Formulations

• Introduction
• Mechanism of Deodorants and Deodorant ingredients
• Formula
• Evaluation of Antiperspirants
• Efficacy of antiperspirants
• Range of average sweat reduction antiperspirant review panel
• Product  Formulation Antiperspirants
• Aerosols
• Formula
• Antiperspirant sticks
• Formulae
• Procedure
• Antiperspirant creams
• Formulae
• Procedure
• Roll on Antiperspirants
• Formula
• Product Formulation Deodorants
• Deodorant soaps
• Deodorant sticks
• Formulae
• Aerosol Deodorants
• Formula

• Introduction
• Epilation
• Essentiaql Oil of Rosin and Beeswax Formulations
• Chemical Depilation
• Sulphides
• Formula based on Glycerine
• Stannites
• Substituted Mercaptans
• Thioglycollates
• Formula Depilatory cream
• Procedure
• Formulae on Semi fluid depilatories
• Procedure
• Formula on Powder depilatory)
• Procedure
• Other Thio Compounds
• Formula on Non  Irritant, rapid acting depilatory soap bar formula
• Enzymes
• Facial depilatories for black skin
• Evaluation of Depilatory Efficacy
• Relative effecacy of thio compounds at 5 per cent concentration, adjusted to pH 11.0-12.0
• Depilatory activity of thioglycollic acid and thiolactic acid neutralised with various  alkalies (mercapto acid concentration 0.4 M, pH 12.5)

• Formula 1 (Dusting Powders)
• Formula 2 (Fungicidal dusting powder)
• Formula 3 (Aerosol foot powder)
• Formula 4 (Women’s foot spray)
• Foot Sprays
• Formula 5 (Antiperspirant foot spray)
• Formula 6 (Aerosol foot deodorant spray)
• Formula 7 (Foot deodorant spray solution for pump spray)
• Foot Creams
• Formula 8 (Emollient and Deodourant Foot Cream)
• Formula 9 (Camphor methyl salicylate and menthol)
• Formula 10 (Foot cream)
• Formula 11 (Oil in water foot massage emulsion)
• Corn and Callus Preparations
• Formula 12 (Lactic acid, trichloracetic acid, glacial acetic acid)
• Formula 13
• Formula 14 (Plasticising effect based formula)
• Formula 15
• Formula 16 (Corn remover)
• Formula 17 (Emulsifier based formula for sensitive skin)
• Chilbiain Preparations
• Athlete’s Foot Preparations
• Formula 19 (Propionate ointment)
• Formula 20 (Undecylenate ointment)
• Formula 21 (Propionic and caprylic acids based Foot Powder)
• Other Developments

• Brushless shaving stick
• Introduction
• Wet Shaving Preparations
• Lather Shaving Cream
• Criteria for a Good Lather Shaving Cream
• Formulation
• Formulae 1 and 2
• Lather Shaving Stick
• Aerosol Shaving Foams
• Formula 3 and 4
• Guidance on Formulation
• Formula 5 (Hydrocarbon propellant base and scum free aerosol shaving foam Formulation)
• Formula 6
• Formula 7 (Soap free aerosol shaving foam Formulation)
• Brushless or Non Lathering Cream
• Formulae 8 and 10
• Brushless Shaving Stick
• Formula 11 and 12
• Dry Shaving Preparations
• Formula 13
• Formula 14 and 15
• After Shave Preparations
• After shave Lotion
• Formula 16
• Perfume 1
• Formula 17, 18 and 19
• After Shave Gel
• Formula 20
• After Shave Cream and Balm
• Formula 21 (soap free after shave cream)
• Formula 22 (Opeque hydroalcoholic balm)
• Procedure

• Formula 1 (Lotion, primarily aqueous, with a small amount of thickener)
• Formula 2 (Lotion, primarily alcohol with oleyl alcohol as residual lipid)
• Formula 3 (Clear sun screen lotion)
• Formula 4 (Alcoholic lotion including silicone as the residual vehicle)
• Formula 5 (Gel with a hydrophilic residue)
• Formula 6 (Non-greasy oil based on isopropyl palmitate and silicone)
• Formula 7 (Water-in-oil emulsion with an oilsoluble sunscreen)
• Formula 8 (Oil in water emulsion with a low oil content of non greasy character)
• Formula 9 (Low oil content vanishing cream containing veegum)
• Formula 10 (Oil in water cream with a moderate oil content of mixed character)
• Formula 11 (Water in oil cream with an oil water ratio similar to formula 10)
• Formula 12
• Formula 13
• Formula 14 (Aerosol quick breaking foam, substantially non greasy)

• Formula 1 (Light Powder)
• Formula 2 (High Opacity)
• Formula 3 (Low Variation of Powder)
• Formula 4 (High Variation of Powder)
• Formula 5 (Medium Weight Powder)
• Formula 6 (Precipitated chalk)
• Formula 7  (Good Medium Powder)
• Formula 8 (Fatty Powder)
• Formula 9 (Light Shimmering Effect)
• Manufacture
• Compact Powder
• Formula 10 (Compact Powder and Rouge)
• Formula 11 (Damp Compression)
• Formula 12 (Dry Compression Process)
• Procedure
• Cake Make up

• Formula 1 (Wet White Formula)
• Formula 2 (Modern)
• Formula 3 (Pigment)
• Formula 4 (Liquid Powder formulation)
• Liquid Make up

• Lipstick
• Ingredients of Lipsticks
• Colour
• Staining dyes
• Eosin
• Non-eosin Staining Dyes
• Pigments
• Titanium dioxide
• Lakes
• Base
• Dyestuff Solvents
• Castor oil
• Fatty Alcohols
• Esters
• Glycols
• Polyethylene glycols (Carbowaxes)
• Monoalkanolamides
• Carnauba wax
• Candelilla
• Amorphous hydrocarbon waxes
• Petroleum based waxes
• Beeswax
• Lanolin and lanolin absorption bases
• Petroleum jelly
• Lecithin
• Silicone waxes
• Perfumes
• Lipstick Formulations
• Formula 1
• Formula 2,3 and 4  Formulae of Deep Stain Lipstick and Creamy Lipstick
• Formulae 5,6
• Manufacture of lipsticks
• Preparation and Blending
• Moulding
• Transparent Lipsticks
• Lipstick cover
• Formula 7 (Transparent Lipsticks)
• Lip Salves
• Formula 8 (Lip Sales Formula)
• Formula 9 (Base Formula of Lip Salve)
• Formula 10 (Lip protective Pomade)
• Formula 11 (Finger applied lip gloss)
• Formula 12 (Liquid lip gloss)
• Liquid Lipsticks
• Formula 13 (Liquid lipstick)
• Formula 14 (Ethyl cellulose based lipstick)
• Formula 15 (Lipstick formulation using Ethanol)
• Rouge
• Dry Rouge (Compact Rouge)
• Compact Rouge Formulations
• Formula 16 and 17
• Wax based Rouge
• Formula 18 and 19

• Clear Liquid Shampoos
• Formulae 1,2,3
• Liquid Cream or Lotion Shampoos
• Formula 4 (Liquid cream Shampoos)
• Formula 5 (Liquid Cream Shampoo with Bearly Sheen)
• Formula 6 (Foam Booster Cream Shampoo)
• Cream Shampoos
• Jelly Shampoos
• Formula 7
• Powder Shampos
• Formula  8 (Powder Shampoo Composition)
• Formula 9 (Herbal Powder Shampoo)
• Formula 10 (Colouring Effect Powder Shampoo)
• Formula 11 (Detergent Powder Shampoo)
• Aerosol Shampoos
• Some Special Shampoos
• Anti dandruff Shampos
• Formula 12 (Medicalted Shampoo)
• Formula 13 (Menthol Anti Dandruff Shampoo)
• Formula 14 (Cream Shampoo)
• Formula 15 (Alcohol based Shampoo)
• Conditioning Shampoos
• Formula 16
• Formula 17
• Manufacture of Shampoos
• Manufacture of Liquid/Cream Shampoos

• Introduction
• Cuticle Remover
• Formula 1 (Hydrocolloids Cutile Remover)
• Formula 2 (Mild Cuticle Remover)
• Formula 3 (Special Emulsion Remover)
• Nail Bleach
• Formula 4 (Nail Bleaching Lotion)
• Nail Cream
• Nail Strengthener
• Formula 5 (Nail Strengthener  Composition)
• Nail White
• Formula 6 (Nail White Pencils)
• Nail Polish
• Formula 7 (Abrasive polish)
• Formula 8 (Wax Polishing pencil)
• Nail Lacquer (Nail Varnish)
• Ingredients of Nail Lacquer
• Film Formers
• Resins
• Plasticisers
• Solvents
• Diluents
• Colours
• Pearlescent (Nacreous) Pigments
• Suspension
• Formulation
• Formula 9 (Typical nail lacquer base)
• Formula 10 (Nail base lacquer)
• Formula 11 (Nitrocellulose compositions)
• Formula 12 (Chlorinated biphenol plasticiser ensmel)
• Manufacture of Nail Lacquer
• Base Coats and Top Coats
• The Manufacturing Process
• Formulae 13,14,15
• Enamel Remover
• Formula 16 (Ester based Enamel Remover)

• Formulation of Permanent Hair Dyes
• Other Dyes For Hair
• Vegetable hair Dyes
• Henna
• Henna Reng
• Chamomile
• Metallic hair Dyes
• Lead Dyes
• Lead acetate
• Other Metallic Dyes
• Hair Dye Removers
• Formula
• Bleaching and Lightening
• Formula 1,2
• Formula 3

• Formula 1 (Peppermint Flavor)
• Formula 2 (Spearmint flavour)
• Formulae 3 Anticaries Toothpaste (base calcium carbonate sodium monofluorophosphate)
• Formula 4 Anticaries Toothpaste (Base calcium hydrogen phosphate sodium monofluorophosphate)
• Formula 5 Anticaries Toothpaste (base:silicate acid/sodium fluoride)
• Formula 6 Gel Toothpaste (Base silicic acid/sodium flluoride)
• Formula 7 (base Calcium carbonate/carbomide) Toothpaste for Gum Protection-1
• Formula 8 (base silicic acid/pyridyl carbinol/tartaric acid) Tooth paste for Gum Protection -II
• Manufacture of Tooth pastes
• Schematic Diagram of Toothpaste Manufacture
• Tooth Powders
• Formula 9
• Formula 10
• Formula 11 (Oxygenated powder)
• Formula 12 (Fluoride powder)
• Manufacture of Tooth powders
• Solid Dentifrice
• Formula 13
• Performance Tests
• Abrasive Action
• denture Cleaners
• Formula 14
• Formula 15
• Formula 16

• Introduction
• Choice of Antibacterial Agent
• Chlorinated phenols
• Soap-Based Moulti washes
• Formula 1
• Thymol (isopropyl Metacresol)
• Formula 2
• Hydrogen Peroxide
• Hexachlorophene
• Quatermaries
• Other Mouthwash Components
• Flavouring of Mouth washes
• Aerosol Mouth Fresheners

• Formulation for Cold Creams 1
• Formulation for Cold Creams II
• Formulation for Cold Creams III
• Formulation for Cold  Creams IV
• Formulation for Cold Creams V
• Formulation for Cold Creams VI
• Formulation for Cold Creams VII
• Formulation for Cold Creams VIIIFormulation for Cold Creams IX
• Formulation for Cold Creams X

• Formulation and Procedure I
• Formulation and Procedure II
• Formulation and Procedure III
• Formulation and Procedure IV
• Formulation and Procedure V
• Formulation and Procedure VI
• Formulation and Procedure VII
• Formulation and Procedure VIII
• Formulation and Procedure IX
• Formulation and Procedure X
• Formulation and Procedure XI
• Formulation and Procedure XII
• Skin Tonics & Moisturizers
• Formulations for Skin Tonic 1
• Formulations for Skin Tonic III
• Moisturizers and Nourishing Creams
• Moisturizers
• Herb Cream
• Sunflower Cream
• Avocado and Almond Cream
• Jasmine moisture cream
• Nourishing Creams
• Cocoaq Butter Cream
• Elder Flower Cream
• Wheat Germ Cream
• Vitamin Cream
• Mixed Vegetable Cream
• Oily Nourishing Cream
• Orange Flower Skin Food
• Line Juice Cream
• Lime Juice Glycerine I
• Lime Juice Glycerine II
• Wrinkle Removing Cream
• Anti Acne herbal Preparation
• Suggested Formulation
• Water sufficient to soften
• Face Lotions
• Face Lotion 1 and II
• Face Lotion III and IV
• Face Lotion IV
• Sun Burn Lotion
• Shampoos for all hair types
• Lime Shampoo

• Herbal Hair Oil
• Herbal Hair Oil Extract
• Efficacy of herbal hair oils
• Formulation 1 and II
• Formulation III
• Formulation IV and V
• Formulation VI and VII
• Addition of scents
• Colouring hair oils
• Packaging
• Herbal hair dyes
• Heena hair dye
• Saffron hair dye
• Walnut hair dye

• Equipment used for herbal preparations
• Cleansing creams
• Formulation
• Process of Manufacture
• Rose water cleansing cream Formulation
• Cucumber cleansing cream Formulation
• Violet cleansing cream formulation
• Masks
• Milk Mask
• Cleansing mask Formulation
• Procedure
• Butter milk mask
• Meal mask
• Carrot and turnip mask
• Oatmeal mask
• Potato mask
• Paw paw mask
• Luxurious cleansing mask
• Bath salts
• Bath oils
• Bath oil Formulation
• Procedure
• Massage preparations
• Formulation
• Massage paste
• Massage oil
• Formulations
• Body lotions
• Blue rain body lotion Formulation
• Procedure
• Lavender body lotion
• Almond body lotion formulation

• Almond oil moisturising cream
• Herb cream (Confrey Cream)
• Avocado almond cream
• Sun flower cream
• Jasmine moisturing cream
• Nourishing creams
• Elderflower cream
• Wheat germ cream
• Honey cream
• Vitamin cream
• Mixed vegetable cream
• Water in oil Emulsions
• Formulations (Emulsified hair grooming preparation)

• Herbal hair conditioners
• Herbal hair oil
• Herbal henna
• Herbal hair tonic
• Herbal henna shampoo (for normal to oily hair)
• Herbal amla shampoo (for normal to dry hair)
• Hair  treatment cream
• Herbal mint/hair gloss conditioner
• Herbal hair rinse
• Herbal hair oils (medicated)
• Base formulation for herbal hair oil
• Herbal shampoos
• Hair dye
• Heena
• Applications of heena
• Heena rinse
• Henna pack
• Henna mixtures
• Camomile
• Camomile pack
• Camomile shampoo
• Camomile Henna mixtures
• Formulations for Cammomile Henna mixture
• Henna reng dye
• Camomile herbar dye
• Fresh soap wort shampoo

• Skin lotions
• Complexion lotions/sunscreen lotions for all skin types
• Lime complexion lotion
• Lavender complexion lotion
• Almond complexion lotion
• Sesame complexion lotion
• Brook lime complexion lotion
• Witch Hazel Complexion Lotion
• Pimple Removing Lotions
• Pimple removing garlic lotion
• Pimple removing camphor lotion
• Astringent lotions for all skin types
• Lemon Astringent Lotion
• Comflower Astringent Lotion
• Rose astringent lotion
• Lilly astringent lotion
• Nutmeg Astringent Lotion
• Peppermint Astringent Lotion
• Sandalwood Astringent Lotion
• Rosemary Astringent Lotion
• Witch hazel astringent lotion
• Skin toning lotions
• Sunflower skin Toning  Lotion
• Skin Soothing Preparations
• Cucumber Skin Soothing Preparation
• yoghurt Skin Soothing Preparation
• Witch Hazel Skin Soothing Preparation
• Cleansing creams/cold creams
• Almond cleansing cream (2)
• Almond cleansing cream (3)
• Cucumber cleansing cream
• Chamomile cleansing cream
• Night creams
• Garlic night cream
• Apple Night cream
• Avocado Night cream
• Nourishing creams/daytime creams
• Cucumber nourlshing cream
• Oatmeal nourishing cream
• Almond nourishing cream
• Almond nourishing cream
• Marigold nourshing cream
• Olive nourishing cream
• Red Elm nourishing cream
• Anti wrinkle creams
• Anti wrinkle carrot cream
• Anti wrinkle cucumber cream
• Anti wrinkle egg cream
• Anti wrinkle apricot (khubani) cream
• Hand creams
• Almond hand cream
• Vanils hand cream
• Witch hazel hand cream
• Moisturizers for all skin types
• Lemon moisturizer
• Watermelon moisturizer
• Avocado moisturizer
• Face Scrub
• Face scrubs for normal skin
• Orange Face Scrub
• Barley face scrub
• Face scrubs for dry skin
• Oatmeal face scrub
• Almond face scrub
• Face scrubs for oilyskin
• Carrot face scrub
• Shaljan face scrub
• Pea face scrub
• Face scrubs for combination skin
• Face scrubs for patchy skin
• Oatmeal face scrub
• Banana face scrub
• Peace face scrub
• Strawberry face scrub
• Face scrubs for all skin types
• Oatmeal face scrub
• Egg face scrub
• Face packs or face Masks
• Face packs for normal skin
• Milk face pack
• Apricot face pack
• Ball fruit face pack
• Face packs for dry skin
• Mint face pack
• Egg face pack
• Face packs for oily skin
• Cucumber face pack
• Papaya face pack
• Egg face pack
• Face packs for combination skin
• Face packs for patchy skin
• Mint face pack
• Coconut face pack
• Peppermint face pack
• Red Elm face pack
• Face packs for all skin types
• Milk face pack
• Egg face pack
• Water based face packs
• Tomato face pack
• Orange face pack
• Honey face pack
• Olive face pack
• Strawberry face pack
• Shampoos for all hair types
• Lime Shampoo
• Lavender Shampoo
• Methi Shikakai Shampoo
• Sandalwood Shampoo
• Neem shampo
• Lime Hair Setting Preparation
• Hair conditioners for all hair types
• Avocado hair conditioner
• Sunflower hair conditioner
• Wheat hair conditioner
• Hair rinses
• Apple hair rinse
• Barley hair rinse
• Chamomile hair rinse
• Rosemary Chamomile Hair Rinse
• Rosemary hair rinse
• Hair setting preparations for all hair types
• Anti Dandruff Preparation
• Anti Dandruff Rosemary Preparation
• Anti Dandruff Lemon Preparation
• Anti Dandruff Egg Preparation
• Anti Dandruff/Vinegar Preparation
• Anti Dandruff Sesame Preparation

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Plant and Machinery
• Tablets Section
• Capsules Section
• Syrup Section
• Paste and Tube Section
• Pudina ark section
• Pain Palm Section
• Banphool Oil Section
• Miscellaneous
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Tablets Section
• Capsules
• Syrup Sections
• Ointment Section
• Raw Materials for Ark Pudina
• Raw Materials for Pain Balm
• Raw Materials for Banphool Oil
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Plant and Machinery
• Shampoo Unit
• Talcum Powder Unit
• Spray Perfume Unit
• Cream
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Shampoos
• Face Powder
• Spray Perfume
• Hair Removing Cream
• Nail Polish
• Nail Polish Remover
• Liquid Makeup
• Lipisticks
• Eye Liner
• Mascare
• Beauty Mask (Compacts)
• All Purpose Cream
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• For Aerosol Perfume Spray Deodorant
• Packing Material
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

The post Manufacturing Processes and Formulations of Cleansing Creams, Baby Products, Deodorants, Depilatories, Foot Powders, Shaving Products, Face Powders, Liquid Powder, Coloured Make-up, Shampoos, Nail and Manicure Products, Colours in the Hair, Toothpastes, Mouthwashes, Cold and Vanishing Creams, Hair Oils and Hair Lotions, Moisturising Creams, Herbal Cosmetics for Skins, Hair and Beauty Parlours (A Complete Hand Book of Cosmetics Formulations with Project Profiles) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Thinner

• Volatile Lubricants
• Measures of Solvency
• Anilline Point
• Kauri-Bulanol Value
• Liquid Chromatography
• Composition
• Viscocity Reduction
• Tests for Purity
• Volatility

Inorganic Pigments

• The Function of Pigments
• Properties of Pigments
• Optical Data
• Particle Shape
• Dispersibility
• The Classification of Pigment
• Properties of Inorganic Pigments
• Iron Oxides
• Natural Iron Oxides
• Synthetic Iron Oxides
• Chromates
• Zinc Chromates
• Lead Chromate
• Chrome Greens
• Prussian Blue
• Ultramarine Blue
• Chrome Oxide Pigments
• Cadmium Pigments
• ed lead
• White Lead
• Zinc Oxide
• Zinc Sulfide Lithopone
• Zinc Phosphate
• Calcium Plumbate
• Carbon blacks
• Mixed Phase Pigments
• Bronze Powders
• Stainless Steel Flake

Titanium Dioxide Pigments

• The sulphate process
• The Chloride Process
• Application of Titanium Pigments
• Surface Coating Industry
• Dispersion of Tatanium Pigments
• Opacity
• Tinting Strength
• Durability
• Gloss Development
• Storage Stability
• Other Industry
• Plastic Industry
• Rubber Industry
• Paper Industry
• Ceramic Industry
• Other Applications

Organic Pigments

• Classification of Organic
• Pigments
• Colour and Chemical Constitution
• Manufacture of Azo Pigments
• Azo Condensation Pigments
• Pigments Conditioning
• Testing
• Pigment Crystals and Particle Size
• Dyestuffs
• Colour Index Classification
• Production of Organic Pigment
• Cost Comparisons
• Application of Organic Pigments
• Industrial Finishes
• Coil Coatings
• Automotive Finishes
• Decorative Paints
• Printing Inks
• Artists Colour
• Commercial Pigments
• Arylamide Yellows (Hans Yellows)Shades: Bright greenish yellow to reddish yellow
• Diarylide Yellows (Benzidine Yellows)
• Shades: Strong greenish yellow to reddish yellow
• Copper Azo yellow
• Pyrazolone Orange and Red Pigments
• Dinitronitine Red (Orange)
• Naphthol Reds (BON Arylamide Reds)
• Shade:Yellowish red to bordeaux
• Lithol Reds
• Shade:ranges from yellowish red (Na) to bluish red (Ca)
• Lake Red (PR 53)
• Red 2B Toner
• Shade: yellowish red (Ba) to bluish red (Ca)
• Claret Toner
• Red B Toners
• Dianisidine Blue
• Alizaline Lake
• Ouinacridone Pigments
• Perylene Reds
• Thioindigo Red
• Indanthrone Blues

Extender Pigments

• Particle Size and Shape
• Particle Size Distribution
• Specification
• Particle Size Distribution
• Colour
• Sleve Residue
• Water-Soluble content and pH
• Water Soluble  content and pH
• Volatile Matter
• Oil Absorption
• Dispersion
• Safety Procautions
• Tyes of Extender Pigments
• Calcite (Whiting)
• Calcium Carbonate (Synthetic)
• Talc
• Barytes
• China Clay (Kaolin)
• Silica
• Crystalline Silica
• Amorphous Silica (Tripoli)
• Synthetic Silica
• Mica
• Asbestos
• Wollastonite

Putty, Glazing, Compounds Caulking, Compounds, and Salants

• Definition
• Formulation of Putties
• Oil Based Putty Metal Sash Grade (Linseed Oil)
• Oil Based Putty Plumbers Grade (Oil)
• Formulation of Glazing  Compounds
• Oil Based Glazing Compound Green House Grade
• Water Based Glazing Compound High Quality Exterior Grade Acrylic
• Oil Based Caulking Compounds
• Water Based Caulking Compound White Gun Grade (Acrylic)
• Physical Contents
• Key Properties
• Hot Melt Sealant
• Physical Constants
• Key Properties
• Working Properties
• subjective Test for Knife Compounds
• Cone Penetrometer for Consistency
• Mobilometer for Consistancy
• Sandwich Squeeze for Consistancy
• Brookfield Viscometer for Consistency
• Extrudability with Caulking Gun
• Extrusion Rheometer
• Shearing Adhesiveness
• Rheological Properties
• Levelling Test
• Sag (slump) test
• Sag Test for vertical Joints
• ASTM Slump Test
• Slump Test for Horzontal Joints
• Tack Free Time
• Shrinkage
• Apparatus
• Procedure
• Bend Test
• Low Temperature Flexibility
• Adhesion
• Bond Strength by Direct Pull
• ASTM Method for Bond Strength
• Gravity Test for Adhesion
• Hardness
• Durometer Hardness under Standard Conditions
• Durometer Hardness After Heat Aging
• Penetrometer for Hardness
• Penetrometer for Degress of Set
• Compression Set
• Aging Tests on Cauiks  and Sealants
• Heat Aging Test
• Appearance
• Oil Migration
• Loss of Weight, Cracks Chalks
• Articial Weathering Tests
• Shrinkage
• Apparatus
• Procedure
• Cohesiveness
• Tensile Adhesiveness (Cohesion)

Paint Driers

• Types of Driers and Manufacturing Methods
• Direct Fusion Process
• Precipitation Process
• Direct Metal Reaction (DMR) Process
• The Organic Radical of Metailo Organic Driers
• Napthenates
• Octoates
• Performence of Synthetic Based Driers Versus Napthenates
• Driers Recommendations
• Mixed Driers Systems Are Normal for Air Dry Finishes
• Temperature Has Considerable Effect on Drier Metal Activity
• The Sequence of Drier Additon should be considered
• Primary Driers
• Cobalt
• Manganese
• Lead
• Calcium
• Zinc
• Zirconium
• Iron
• Rare Earth and Cerium
• Aluminium
• Vandium
• Stability on Drying  Performance on Storage
• Drier Related Paint Film Defects
• Durability and Colour Retention
• Hazing and  Blooming
• Drier for Use in Water Based Systems
• The Future Drier Additves

Paint Additives

• Additives in Solvent Thinned Paints
• Wetting and Dispersing Agents
• Anti Settling, Anti Sag and Bodying Agents
• Aluminium Soaps
• Hydrogenated Castor Oil (Triglyceride of 12- Hydroxyl Stearic Acid)
• Heat Stable Polyol Esters
• Modified Clays
• Anti Skinning Agents
• Phenols
• Oximes
• Anti flood and Antifloat Additives
• Method of Cure
• Recognizing Flooding and Floating
• Midew inhibitors:Fungicides
• Identification of Midew
• Mildew Control
• Latex Paint Additives
• Surface Active Agents
• Dispersing Agents (Anionic Surfactants)
• Stabilizing Surfactants (Non-Ionic)
• Anti Foam Agents
• Latex Thickening Agents
• Preservatives
• Coalescing Aids
• Wet edge Extenders
• Freeze thaw Stabilizers
• Other Considerations
• Secondary Effects

Architectural Paints

• Exterior Paints for Wood
• Characteristics of Wood Sliding
• Bindrs for Exterior House Paints
• Pigments for Exterior House Paints
• Pigments for Coloured Paints
• Microorganics in Paints and Coatings
• Tetrachlorophenol
• Formulating Exterior Paints for Wood
• Interior Paints for Plaster and Wall Board
• Calceolate Flats
• Alkyd Flats
• Ease of Application
• Water vs. Mineral Spirits
• Odor of Paint and Coating
• Hinding Power
• Apperance of Coating
• Scrub and Chemical Resistance
• Durability and Recoatability
• Galled Flats
• Copolymer Flats
• Resin Emulsion Flats
• Paint Properties
• Physical Constants
• Copolymer Emulsion Interior Paints
• Alkyd Emulsion Paints
• Cooking Procedure
• Exterior Emulsion Paints for Masonry
• Interior and Exterior Enamels
• Enamels for Wood and Concrete Floors
• Procedure for Paint

Industrial Finishes

• Introduction
• Automotive Finishes
• Automotive Lacquer Finishes
• Metalized Finishes
• Water Soluble Vehicles
• Metal Decorating Finishes
• Novelty Finishes
• Wrinkle Finishes
• Mixing Procedure
• Hammer Finishes
• Aluminium Dispersion
• Hammer Finish
• Multicolor Finishes
• Baking Crystal Finish
• Cooking Procedure
• Crystal Lacquer Finish
• Crackle Lacquer Finish
• Flock Finishes
• Miscellaneous Novelty Finishes
• Paper Coatings
• Water Soluble Organic Coating
• Waxes for Coatings
• Cellulosic Polymers in Paper Coatings
• Lacquer Emulsions
• Ethyl Cellulose
• Cellulose Acetate
• Vinyl Resins in Paper and Textile Coatings
• Calender Coating and Sheeting
• Organosols and Plastisois and Paper and Textiles
• Organosols and Plastisols for Metal
• Polyvinyl Chloride Latexes
• Polyvinylidene Chloride Copolymers in Paper Coalings
• Polyamide Expoxy Coatings for Paper
• Alkyd Amino Resin Coatings for Paper
• Advantage of Hall Second butyrate
• Precautions in the use of Half Second Butyrate
• Application of Half Second Butyrate
• Formulating Technique with Half Second Butyrate
• Clear Lacquer for Aluminium
• Resin Combination with half Second Butyrate
• Lacquer for Plastics

EIRI a pioneer industrial consultant working over 32 years in preparation of Project Reports, Market Survey cum Detailed Techno Economic Feasibility Reports, Market Survey Reports and Practical Project Execution Know How Reports . Apart from these, EIRI is also known for Industrial Process Technology Books and Trade Directories with Liasioning Services.

Recipient of Udyog Rattan Award: EIRI has been awarded with the Udyog Rattan Award in 1996 for the excellence job served to the nation.

The post manufacturing technology & formulations hand book on thinners, putty, wall & industrial finishes and synthetic resins appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

TECHNOLOGY OF BISCUITS, RUSKS, CRACKERS & COOKIES WITH FORMULATIONS

(Wafer Biscuits, Cream Sandwich Biscuits, Ot Cereal Biscuits, Low Sugar Biscuits, High Fibre Biscuits, herbal Biscuits, dog biscuits and Other biscuits)

MANUFACTURING OF INGREDIENTS USED IN BISCUITS MAKING 

• Ingredients that should be dispersed before mixing commences
• Premixes
• Metering to the mixer
• Introduction
• Handling ingredients
• Manual weighing
• Bulk handling of dry materials
• Dedicated metering by weighing in
• Central metering by weighing in
• Loss in weight metering (weighing out)
• Blk handling of liquid materials
• Weighing the mixer
• Metering of small ingredients
• Continuous metering

TYPES OF DOUGH

• Introduction
• Developed doughs
• Short doughs and batters

TYPES OF DOUGH MIXER

• Batch mixers
• Verticle spindle general purpose mixer
• High speed angled wing dough mixer
• High speed parallel bar hard dough mixer
• Vertical, detachable bowl, mixers,
• Advantages
• High speed general purpose mixer
• High speed general purpose mixer with sprag (rotor and stator pronciple)
• Disadvantages
• Horizontal high speed mixers
• Advantages
• Typical single shaft high speed mixers
• Typical Z blade twin bladed horizontal high speed mixer
• Disadvantages
• Size of batch mixers
• Continous Mixers
• Automatic small batch mixers
• Advantages
• Disadvantages

MIXING OF DOUGH TO PRODUCE BISCUITS

• Dough consistency
• Hard doughs
• Puff doughs
• Short doughs
• Soft doughs and sponge batters

HANDLING OF DOUGH

• Removal from the mixer
• Standing the dough
• Semisweef dough
• Fermented cracker dough (Cream crackers and Soda crackers)
• Enzyme modified cracker doughs
• Short doughs
• Removal of dough from the tub

SHEETING, GAUGING AND CUTTING METHOD

• Overview
• General arrangement of a hard dough plant
• sheeting and gauging
• Dough feeding systems
• Pre-sheeter and dough feed arrangement
• Sheeters
• Three roll sheeter with pocket for scrap sough
• Gauging
• Three roll sheeter with roll to aid the metering of cutter scrap dough
• Optimum dogh path through a gauge roll
• Dough piece cutting
• Dough relaxation arrangements
• Typical arrangement of dough feed conveyors between the final gauge roll and the cutter
• Cutting
• Typical rotary cutter arrangement
• Typical rotary cutter arrangement (single anvil roll)
• Typical rotary cutter arrangement (double avil roll)
• Control of dough piece weight and shape
• Cutter scrap dough handling
• Transfers of dough pieces

DOUGH PIECE DECORATION TO PRODCE END PRODUCTS 

• Decoration with salt, sugar, nuts etc.
• Printing
• Lye bath treatment

LAMINATING 

• Principles and techniques of laminating
• Generalised  Cracker Plant
• Types of Laminator
• Vertical Laminator with two sheeters and a continuous lapper
• Process control during laminating

ROTARY MOULDING 

• Typical Rtary Moulding Plant
• The rotary moulding machine
• Cross section throgh a typical rotary moulder
• The formation of a dough piece
• Dough feeding to a rotary moulder

EXTRUDING AND WIRE CUTTING

• Principles and techniques of extrusion and depositing
• General description of dough extrusion machines
• General arrangement of wire cut machine
• The formation of dough pieces by wire cuttng, rout press and coextrusion
• General arrangement of filled bar forming machine
• The formation of dough and batter pieces by depositing
• Dough piece weight control from extrusion machines

TYPES OF OVEN AND BAKING BANDS

• Introduction
• Direct fired ovens
• Indirect fired ovens
• Hybrid ovens
• Types of baking Bands
• Illustrationof various types of oven conveyor and conveyor joint
• Types of oven band

HOW BAKING OVEN WORKS

• Development of biscuit structure and thickness
• Changes to the dough piece during baking
• Changes during baking
• Reduction of moisture content
• Expansion with temperature of dry air and air saturated with water vapour
• Colour changes
• Oven temperatures and heat transfer
• Baking of laminated crackers
• Baking of semisweet and non laminated cracker biscuits
• Baking of short dough biscuits

POST BAKING OPERATIONS

• The runout of the oven band and stripping biscuits from the band
• Detail of reject system before oven stripper conveyor
• Biscuit cutting
• Electronic, dieelectric drying
• Oil spraying

INTRODUCTION TO WAFERS

THE  WAFER OVEN OR WAFER BAKER

• Examples of water reeding patters
• Examples of deep reeding patters

WAFER SHEET PRODUCTIO 

BATTER MIXING

• Batter handling
• wafer Baking
• Plate gap setting
• Volume of batter
• Batter Viscosit
• Plate closure speed
• Steam venting
• Baking speed

SHEET HANDLING, CREAMING AND CUTTING

• Dry sheet handling
• Cream sandwiching
• Contact creaming of wafer sheet
• Film creaming of wafer sheet
• Wafer creaming
• Book building
• Cooling
• Cutting

CREAM SANDWICHING

• Types of creamed products
• Methods of cream application
• sequence for forming a creame sandwich by stencilling
• Sequence for forming a cream sandwich by depositing and capping
• Sequence for forming a cream sandwich by extrusion and wire cutting
• Mixing and handling of creams
• process control considerations
• Creamed biscuit cooling

CHOCOLATE  AND CHOCOLATE FLAVOURED COATINGS 

• Handling of chocolate and coatings
• Tempering of chocolate
• General arrangement of an enrober
• Enrobing biscuits
• Gamishing and decorating
• Moulding biscuits in chocolate
• Conditioning of biscuits and wafers before enrobing or molding
• Cooling of chocolate
• handling and storage of chocolate biscuits

ICING OF BISCUITS

• Methods of apply icing
• Composition of the icing
• Drying of the icing

APPLICATION OF JAM, MARSHMALLOW AND CARAMEL TOFFEE 

• Water activity, Aw
• Jam and jelly
• Caramel
• Marshmallow

MANUFACTUE OF BISCUIT

• Methods

READY TO EAT OAT CEREAL BISCUIT

• Methods

LOW FAT LOW SUGAR SOFT DOUGH BISCUITS WITH FORMULAE 

• Method
• Flow chart
• Physical characteristics of biscuits

HIGH FIBRE BISCUIT MANUFACTURE AND COMPOSITION

• Method
• Flow chart
• Evaluation of biscuits

METHOD FOR MAKING BISCUITS OF UNIFORM SIZE AND QUALITY

• Top plan view of he biscuit mold of the present method showing the multiple hexagon cutter placed therein
• Cross sectional view
• Cross sectional view showing the dough being cut into separate biscit shapes
• Top plan view of an alternate embodiment of the method
• Top plan view of the alternate embondiment for a cutter
• Cross sectional view showing the cutter within the mold

HONEY BASED BISCUITS 

• Unbaked biscuits

FORMLATION FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES 

• Semi sweet biscuit enriched with calcium carbonate
• Digestive biscuit enriched with calcium carbonate
• Semi sweet biscuit containing an ion exchange resin
• Cream filling was prepared using a cream
• Low salt snack cracker
• Cream cheese filling containing gamma guanidinobutyramide
• Low salt snack cracker
• Semi sweet biscuits
• Medicated biscuit
• Nutritional composition of each cream biscuit

HERBAL BISCUITS FOR LACTATING MOTHERS

• Nutritive flours of Soyabean, Buckwheat, Moong, Wheat, Bazra, Bengal gram along with Carrot) Juice in combination with many plants.
• Advantages

MANUFACTURE OF DOG BISCUITS 

• Percentages ingredients Specific Ranges

PROJECT PROFILE ON ISCUITS MAKING 

• Product and its applications
• Market potential
• Basis and presumptions
• Implementation Schedule
• Technical aspects
• Location
• Process of Manufacture
• Quality Control and Standards
• Pollution Control
• Energy Conservation
• Production Capacity
• Utilities
• Financial Aspects
• Fixed Capital
• Land & Building Amount
• Machinery and Equipment
• Pre operative Expenses
• Total Fixed Capital
• Recurring expenses per annum
• Personnel
• Raw Material including packaging materials
• Working capital
• Financial Analysis
• Sale Proceeds/Annual turnover
• Net Profit per year
• net Profit Ratio
• Rate of Return on Investment
• Annal Fixed Cost
• Break Even Point

ALMOND BISCUITS

• Ingredients
• Preparation

APPLE STRUDLE BARS

• Ingredients
• Preparation

BUTTERMLK BISCUITS

• Ingredients
• Preparation

PREPARATION OF RUSKS

• Food preparation method
• Schematic diagram showing the steps of the method
• Schematic side view of the resting conveyor
• Schematic plan view of the cutting machine
• Part sectional plan view of the rollers of the cuttng machine
• Sectional view of one end of the rollers
• respective perspective end views of the dough strips cut from the dough sheet
• Respective perspective end views of the dogh strips cut from the dough sheet
• Respective perspective and end views of the final rusk products

HOMEMADE RUSK RECIPES

• Method
• Contains egg
• Cake Rusk

PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF DRY BAKED PRODUCTS 

• Crispbread Products
• Sandwich Product (filled product) Prepared of bands
• Coated Product prepared of Bands
• Seasoned Product Prepared of Bands (seasoning mix applied by coating)
• Other Applications
• High fibre coated product
• High Fibre filled Product
• High Fibre, Seasoned Snack product
• Coated Thin Cripbread with Milk Chocolate Coating Containing Salatrim Light Fat
• Ingredients
• Flled Thin Crispbread (Sandwich product) with Cheddar Filling with Salatrim Light Fat and Polydextrose
• Seasoned Thin Crispbread

CRACKERS MANUFACTURE 

• Process for Making Filled  Crackers
• Based on 100 ponds of wheat flour, the ingredients
• Cracker Recipes
• Cheddar commeal Crackers
• Banana Crackers
• Coffee Crackers

PREPARATION OF COOKIES 

• Process for preparing cookies

METHOD FOR PREPARING A CUP SHAPED COOKIE

• A cup shaped cookie having a configuration in accordance with the present method
• An additional cookie configuration which is slightly elongated from the spherical shape
• Top view of the cookie configuration
• Upper and lower molds utilized to prepare cup shaped cookies in accordance with the present inventive method
• Cross section taken along the lines
• Alternate embodiment of upper and lower baking molds with cooked batter there between

COOKIES CONTAIING PSYLLIUM

• Method of making
• Method of treatment
• Peanut butter  cookie
• Peanut butter cookie

REDUCED SUCROSE COOKIE DOUGH

• Sugar free chocolate chip cookie Dough Maltitol Polydextrose
• Process
• Sugar Free Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough Maltitol Slubilized Maltitol
• Process
• Sugar Free Oatmeal Cookie Dough Lactitol: Sorbitol: Polydextrose
• Process
• Sugar Free Peanut Butter Cookie Dough Maltitol Sorbitol Polydextrose
• Process
• Sugar Cookie Recipes
• Buttersocotch Cookies
• Ingredients
• Method
• Almond Crescent Cookies
• Ingredients
• Method

BISCUITS MAKING MACHINES

• Dough Mixer
• Rotary Moulder (Hard Dough)
• Rotary Cutter/Laminator (Soft Dough)
• Biscuit baking Oven
• Cooling Conveyor & Stacking Machine
• Biscuit Packaging Machines

PLANT ECONOMICS OF BAKERY & BISCUIT EQUIPMENT FABRICATION

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF BISCUIT (ASSORTED) AUTOMATIC PLANT 

• Plant Economics of Biscit (Assorted) Automatic Plant
• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF BAKERY INDUSTRY

• Retail bakery boom
• Bakery as your career
• Plant Economics of Bakery Industry
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF BAKERY, NAMKEEN AND CONFECTIONERIES

• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF BAKERY UNIT (PASTRIES, BREAD, BUNS AND CAKE, ETC)

• How to Start a bakery
• What type of bakery do you want to start
• Learn more about them
• What supplies Do 1 need
• Taking your bakery online
• final Things to Consider when starting a bakery
• Plant Economics of Bakery Unit (Pastries, Bread, Burns and Cake, etc)
• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Day
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Day

PLANT ECONOMICS OF BISCUIT UNIT (PINEAPPLE) AUTOMATIC PINEAPPLE BISCUIT MAKING PLANT 

• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF COOKIES MAKING (BAKERY INDUSTRY)

• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

The post TECHNOLOGY OF BISCUITS, RUSKS, CRACKERS & COOKIES WITH FORMULATIONS (Wafer Biscuits, Cream Sandwich Biscuits, Ot Cereal Biscuits, Low Sugar Biscuits, High Fibre Biscuits, herbal Biscuits, dog biscuits and Other biscuits) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.