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GRANITE MINE

EIRI Team — Sat, 21 Sep 2019 12:33:39 +0000

Granite is the gift; Mother Nature has blessed the mankind, who has always found various means to utilize these treasures. A strong and solid rock, granite has found umpteen uses, particularly in the construction of buildings and other structures. Another popular usage of the stone is as the architectural stone in exterior, interior decoration, landscaping and monuments. The definition of "granite" varies. A geologist might define granite as a coarse-grained, quartz- and feldspar-bearing igneous rock that is made up entirely of crystals. Granite technically refers to a light-colored granulose plutonic rock composed of feldspars, plagioclase, quartz (felsic minerals) and minor amounts of mafic minerals such as biotite, hornblende, pyroxene, iron oxides etc. But in the commercial parlance, the term Granite has become synonymous with all those crystalline rocks which have pleasing colours, strength to bear the processes of quarrying, cutting & polishing and are used commonly for decorative purposes. In the dimension stone trade, the word "granite" is used for any feldspar-bearing rock with interlocking crystals that are large enough to be seen with the unaided eye. By this classification, rocks such as anorthosite, gneiss, granite, granodiorite, monzonite, syenite, gabbro and others are all sold under the trade name of "granite". Being more resistant to wear and tear as well as weathering, granite is the most sought-after stone to be used as building as well as decorative stone. The fascination for granite is due to its taking mirror-like polish, high compressive strength, longevity and beauty. Indoors, polished granite slabs and tiles are used in countertops, tile floors, stair treads and many other design elements. Granite is a prestige material, used in projects to produce impressions of elegance and quality. One of the most familiar uses of granite in the United States is in kitchen countertops. In addition to solid slab countertops, granite tiles can be used to create a colourful and durable work station. Granite is nearly always massive (lacking internal structures), hard and tough, and therefore it has gained widespread use as a construction stone. The average density of granite is between 2.65 and 2.75 g/cm3. Granite is the most sought-after among all building stones. In ancient times, granite pillars and beams were preferred material to support the huge structures of temples and palaces and for making protective walls around them. With the invention of modern tools of greater hardness and polishing ability, the use of granite has rather increased on account of its aesthetic value. The modern motorised tools of tungsten carbide and brazed diamond have enabled the user to cut & polish granite as per the specifications of the Building Sector. Presently, cut and polished granite slabs of 20 mm thickness are preferred for flooring, while tiles of 10 or 12 mm thickness are used for cladding. In addition to this, gravestones and monuments of various shapes and sizes are also in vogue. The flexibility of the cutting tools has engendered creation of many artefacts of granite for decorative purposes. Granite also finds its application in making garden furniture, such as, benches, fountains and many other articles which are used for landscaping and/or decorative purposes. The cut-to-size small blocks are used as cobblestone, kerbstone, road sidings and for many other innovative purposes. Crude granites are utilised for structural purpose after little dressing & sizing whereas processed granites are used mostly in the construction of buildings and monuments and for interiors and exterior facing. Granites, because of its superior wear resistance and non-denting quality, are used as parts in various meteorological and engineering instruments, such as, surface plates, straight edges, parallels, cubes, V' blocks and work-mounting tables of co-ordinate measuring machines. The surface plates are used as flat datum surface whenever precise measurements of dimensions and geometrical relationships are to be carried out. For this purpose, harder variety of granite is required so that it can bear the high-degree of grinding, polishing and calibration for achieving flat surface. For its use as surface plates, granites should have properties such as, close grain size, homogeneity, high density and hardness, uniform colour, low moisture absorption and should be free from flaws. (1) Granite Floorings: Available in highly polished finish and a plethora of colours, Granite is also used for laying floor. With wide range of colours it is easier to choose the granite that suits the projects most. The flooring is done by engraving the slabs, tiles or the blocks of granite. The size of slabs and tiles varies and are used as per requirements. With granite flooring tiles, bathrooms, kitchens and other rooms can be designed intricately. Granite is also widely used in office setup, halls for public gatherings, and big building and monuments. (2) Granite Furniture: Granite has been used for the past many years to create innumerable pieces of furniture. Tables are made in a huge range of styles and finishes, utilizing the unique physical properties of granite, supplemented by appropriate smoothing and polishing. The exquisite granite furniture has exotic and rustic appeal. The typical granite furniture items include tables, bed, benches, bathing tub, side tables, stools and garden furniture. The furniture can be made in any size and design suiting the requirement of the end user. The granite furniture is available in a vast variety of colours ranging from black, white, brown, red, buff, gray, mauve to pink. (3) Granite Counter Tops: Granite is a felsic, irruptive, plutonic and igneous rock formed from magma. Having medium to coarse texture, granite is larger than the ground mass forming a rock known as porphyry. Depending on chemistry and mineralogy, granite colours vary from pink to dark gray or even black. Counter top is generally a horizontal work surface used in kitchens, other food preparation areas and workrooms. It is installed above and supported by cabinets. Counter top is made from various materials such as limestone, marble, soapstone, gabbro, wood, butcher block, stainless steel, granite and many more. Granite counter tops are the slabs of granite. While installing them, more character and depth of granite's natural beauty and elegance is added, mostly used in kitchen, bars, bathroom and counters of the shops. Available in various colours and textures, granite counter tops give an elegant and impressive look to any home or commercial establishment. Granite counter top specializes in embellishing and beautifying your home with using fine quality granite, its vanities and fireplace surrounds. Granite tops are perfect and ideal for all kitchen and bathroom needs. Due to granite strength, high durability, availability of more colour, they have become the material of choice for homeowners. Granite counter tops are one of the most valuable accessions which add beauty as well as functionality in your home. (4) Granite Monument: Granite, primarily used as a building stone has been a part of various monuments for over many years Granite, by reason of its massive nature and homogeneous grain, is eminently adapted for monumental and architectural work as well as for massive masonries. The wide range in appearance and colour renders the stones highly ornamental and effective for a variety of decorative uses. The capacity of taking on good polish gives a pleasing appearance. Its quality of resistance to weathering surpasses it over marble, which makes it all the more suitable for monumental purposes.

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GRANITE MINING

EIRI Team — Thu, 07 Dec 2017 13:12:28 +0000

Granite mining business is unique and profitable venture. There is a good scope in this trade. India is well known since time immemorial for its building and dimensional stones like Marble, Sandstone, Limestone, Slate etc. Recently granite has also been added to this list. Granite occupies a prominent place among dimensional stones on account of its hardness, durability, capability to take mirror polish and attractive colours. As such, the use of granite has increased multi-folds as dimensional and decorative stone all over the world and this has created a good export market for Indian Granite.

Granite has a 95.5% share in India’s dimensional stone export business. The export of high value added items like tiles, polished slabs and monuments stone has increased by over 51% growth average. Granite is primarily composed crystals of feldspar, quartz, mica with various other minerals in varying percentage. Granites can be pink to gray in colour, depending on their chemistry and mineralogy. By definition, granite is an igneous rock with at least 22% quartz by volume. Granite differs from granodiorite in that at least 36% of the feldspar in granite is alkali feldspar as opposed to plagioclase; it is the alkali feldspar that gives many granites a distinctive pink colour. Granite is generally found in the continental plates of the Earth's crust. The crystals are generally large and biz size (a few mm); they can be seen directly on outcrops, and give granite its rough texture on weathered surfaces. If most crystals are of similar size, granite is described as even grained. If a granite contains very large crystals of feldspar (0.5 – 3.1 cm long), set in an even grained matrix, it is described as porphyritic, and the very large crystals are called phenocrysts. The crystals in granite are large because granite crystallized slowly from molten rock (magma), over 2 km below the Earth’s surface. Where the same magma escaped upwards, and was erupted through fissures or volcanoes, it crystallized rapidly, forming small crystals or glass, and produced volcanic rocks. The colour of most granites ranges from pink to cream, white and grey, and generally reflects the colour of the dominant feldspars. Many granites contain straight, parallel-sided, cream or pink veins of pegmatite. This is generally a very coarse (fine ground) grained variety of granite that crystallized from residual granitic magma in cracks that formed during, or soon after, the solidification of the host granite. EIRI have prepared the project report on granite mining. The said report shall be covering to start the own unit of mining with the details as mentioned follows:

Quartz and feldspar are the dominant minerals in granite, and together make up 90% of the rock. Quartz itself generally ranges from 20-45% and feldspar up to 60% of the granite. The proportions of these minerals, and the kinds of feldspars, are used to divide granites into a number of types. Feldspars are alumino-silicates that contain a range of calcium, potassium and sodium. They are divided into two groups on the basis of these three elements: potassium or alkali feldspar, and plagioclase that itself ranges from calcium-rich to sodiumrich end members

Granite sensu stricto is rich in potassium feldspar (up to 65% of feldspars) relative to plagioclase, and has a high content of quartz (20-60%). With increasing plagioclase/ potassium feldspar ratio, and increasing calcium/sodium ratio in plagioclase, granite grades into rocks called granodiorite (plagioclase 65-90% of feldspars) and tonalite (plagioclase 90-100% of feldspars). With decreasing quartz content (quartz less than 20%), granite grades into (potassium feldspar - rich) syenite, monzonite, and (plagioclase-rich) quartz monzonite. For simplicity in this review, all these rocks of the granite family are referred to broadly as granite. They are all generally massive, coarse grained rocks, and form similar kinds of outcrops.

INTRODUCTION

TYPE OF INDIAN MULTI COLOUR GRANITE
(1) INDIAN AURORA GRANITE
ALTERNATIVE NAMES OF INDIAN AURORA VYARA GRANITE:
INDIAN AURORA GRANITE SIZES AVAILABILITY:
AVAILABLE FINISHES OF BROWN GRANITE INDIAN AURORA:
APPLICATIONS OR USES OF INDIAN AURORA GRANITE:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS INDIAN AURORA GRANITE:
(2) CORAL RED GRANITE
CORAL RED GRANITE SIZES AVAILABILITY:
AVAILABLE FINISHES OF RED GRANITE CORAL RED GRANITE:
APPLICATIONS OR USES OF CORAL RED GRANITE:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS CORAL RED GRANITE:
CATS EYE RED GRANITE
APPLICATIONS OR USES OF CATS EYE RED GRANITE:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS CATS EYE RED
(3) EAGLE RED GRANITE
EAGLE RED GRANITE SIZES AVAILABILITY:
AVAILABLE FINISHES OF RED GRANITE EAGLE RED GRANITE:
APPLICATIONS OR USES OF EAGLE RED GRANITE:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS EAGLE RED GRANITE:
(4) MAGDI RED GRANITE
APPLICATIONS OR USES OF MAGDI RED GRANITE:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS MAGDI RED GRANITE:
(5) RUBY RED GRANITE
ALTERNATIVE NAMES OF RUBY RED FROM SOUTH INDIAN GRANITE:
RUBY RED GRANITE SIZES AVAILABILITY:
AVAILABLE FINISHES OF RED COLOR GRANITE RUBY RED
GRANITE FROM SOUTH INDIA:
APPLICATIONS OR USES OF RUBY RED GRANITE FROM SOUTH INDIA:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS RUBY RED GRANITE:
(6) PARADISO BASH GRANITE
ALTERNATIVE NAMES OF PARADISO BASH INDIAN GRANITE:
PARADISO BASH GRANITE SIZES AVAILABILITY:
APPLICATIONS OR USES OF PARADISO BASH GRANITE:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS PARADISO BASH GRANITE: AVAILABLE
ON REQUEST
(7) PEARL WHITE GRANITE
ALTERNATIVE NAMES OF PEARL WHITE INDIAN GRANITE:
PEARL WHITE GRANITE SIZES AVAILABILITY:
APPLICATIONS OR USES OF PEARL WHITE GRANITE:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS PEARL WHITE GRANITE:
AVAILABLE ON REQUEST
(8) BLUE PEARL GRANITE
ALTERNATIVE NAMES OF BLUE PEARL INDIAN GRANITE:
APPLICATIONS OR USES OF BLUE PEARL GRANITE:
GRANITE COMPOSITION
TYPES OF GRANITE
GRANITES CLASSIFY THEM IN THREE OR FOUR CATEGORIES:
GRANITE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
NOMINAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF VARIOUS OXIDES
GRANITE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
(1) POROSITY/PERMEABILITY
(2) THERMAL STABILITY
(3) COEFFICIENT OF EXPANSION
(4) VARIEGATION
(5) HARDNESS
USES AND APPLICATIONS
(1) GRANITE FLOORINGS
(2) GRANITE FURNITURE
(3) GRANITE COUNTER TOPS
(4) GRANITE MONUMENT
(5) GRANITE TABLE TOPS
(6) GRANITE STEPS
APPLICATION
SCULPTURES AND MEMORIALS.
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
MARKET POSITION
PRIME VARIETIES OF INDIAN GRANITE
MARKET DEMAND
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
OPPORTUNITIES
THREATS
GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW
COLOUR GRANITE
MACRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
MACRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
FOREIGN EXCHANGE FLUCTUATIONS
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
DEMAND GROWTH
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
DEMAND DRIVERS
GROWTH IN GROSS CREDIT DEPLOYMENT
DEMAND SUPPLY DYNAMICS
PRICE TRENDS
COMPETITIVE SCENARIO
GRANITE
RESOURCES
PRIME VARIETIES OF INDIAN GRANITE
EXPLORATION & DEVELOPMENT
PRODUCTION
MINING
PROCESSING INDUSTRY
USES & SPECIFICATIONS
USES
SPECIFICATIONS
POLICY
ENVIRONMENT
WORLD REVIEW
FOREIGN TRADE
EXPORTS
IMPORTS
FUTURE OUTLOOK
TYPES OF MULTI COLOUR GRANITE
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF GRANITE BLOCK
PROCESS FLOW CHART
MINING OF GRANITE
MINING
MINING PROCESS
GENERAL
METHOD OF QUARRYING
THE MAIN STEPS ARE GIVEN BELOW
(1) TOPSOIL REMOVAL:
(2) OVERBURDEN REMOVAL:
OVERBURDEN IS REMOVED BY DIGGING
(3) SEPARATION OF PRIMARY BLOCKS FROM OTHER ROCK:
(4) SUBDIVISION OF LARGE PRIMARY BLOCKS INTO SECONDARY BLOCKS:
(5) DRILLING:
(6) WIRE SAW CUTTING:
(7) LOADING:
(8) TRANSPORT:
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
GENERAL:
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN BEFORE THE START/RE-START
OF QUARRYING ACTIVITY: BEFORE START/RE-START OF THE
PROPOSED QUARRYING ACTIVITY
(1) LAND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT:
(2) GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT:
(3) WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT:
(4) AIR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT:
(5) SITE SECURITY:
(6) NOISE EMISSION CONTROL:
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN DURING THE OPERATIONAL
PHASE OF THE QUARRY
(1) AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT
(2) NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL
(3) WATER POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES
(4) SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN DURING THE CLOSURE STAGE
OF THE QUARRY:
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND EQUIPMENTS
HYDRAULIC EXAVATOR
SUPPLIERS OF HYDRA CRANE
SUPPLIERS OF JACK HAMMER DRILL
SUPPLIERS OF WIRE SAW MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF MINING TOOLS
SUPPLIERS OF TIPPER TRUCK
AIR COMPRESSOR

APPENDIX – A:

1.     COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.     LAND & BUILDING
3.     PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.     FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.     RAW MATERIAL
6.     SALARY AND WAGES
7.     UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.     TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.     COST OF PRODUCTION
10.     PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.     BREAK EVEN POINT
12.     RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.     INTEREST CHART
14.     DEPRECIATION CHART
15.     CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.     PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

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