Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) is an initiative in which affordable housing will be provided to the urban poor with a target of building 20 million affordable houses by 31 March 2022. Such initiative by governments towards economical and affordable housing is all set to stroke the gypsum board market with abundant demand.

In the recent years, Gypsum Association member companies are producing specialty products for targeting industrial application segment. Some of the products are exterior gypsum sheathing, abuse-resistant and impact-resistant gypsum panels, mold and moisture resistant panels and, gypsum shaft liner. Due to such immense credibility along with easy and fast installation compared to the traditional plasters, gypsum boards are employed globally in various heavy operational facilities.

Gypsum Material Characteristics

Whether raw, natural, synthetic, or even recycled, it is often desirable to further process gypsum before use, particularly in the case of agricultural applications. When processing any material, it is important to recognize key characteristics that will affect manufacturing operations and the final product generated. Even commonly processed minerals such as gypsum require testing on a case-by-case basis to ensure quality results.

The following list outlines key material characteristics that affect gypsum processing.

Abrasive

Mined gypsum is a somewhat abrasive material. As a result, robust equipment must be used when processing gypsum. Rotary dryers are an ideal solution for many types of ore, as they are rugged pieces of equipment, easily customized with heavy-duty linings that defend against erosion. Customizations can be made to other processing equipment as well, in order to protect against abrasion, and prolong equipment life. No matter what the equipment, keeping gypsum’s abrasive nature in mind during design is a must.

Dust and Clumps

When granulated properly, pelletized gypsum is much easier to handle than its raw, powdered counterpart. However, clumping and dusting issues may occur when drying and pelletizing powdered gypsum. In order to avoid such problems, processing equipment should be customized to accommodate.

Raw Material Description

Gypsum has been known for centuries and is one of the oldest building materials in the world. The earliest use of gypsum discovered was in Anatolia around 6000 B.C. Later, in about 3700 B.C., gypsum was used on the interiors of the great pyramids in Egypt. One of the early uses of gypsum in building construction appears to have occurred in 3700 B.C. when the Egyptians used gypsum blocks and plaster applied over woven straw lath in the building of the pyramid of Cheops.

As a testimony to the strength and durability of gypsum, some of this construction is still intact and viewable, including walls decorated with murals composed of tinted plaster. For centuries now, gypsum has played a crucial role in construction. American settlers recognized gypsum’s potential use as plaster and as a soil amendment. Modern gypsum board has as its predecessor a product called “Sackett Board,” a composite material that was made of layers of thin plaster placed between four plies of wool felt paper. Sackett Board was patented in 1894 by Augustine Sackett, the man generally considered to be the grandfather of the gypsum board manufacturing industry.

The wallboard is approximately 92% gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO4 2H2O), 7% paper, and 1% impurities and additives. Gypsum is found in every continent of the world and is one of the most widely used minerals.

Gypsum board – a part replacement to wood

Due to obvious reasons, wood has been extensively used in the construction of buildings in Bhutan for flooring, paneling, insulation and various other purposes. In the today’s context, wood is increasingly becoming scarce and costly. Some of the applications of wood viz for insulation, ceiling, partition, paneling, etc need to be replaced by alternative materials. Gypsum board offers an alternative to wood for applications like ceiling, insulation and partition. Besides, gypsum board is a modern material of construction used extensively in the construction and finishing of the buildings. Gypsum board is often called drywall, wallboard, or plasterboard.

? It consist of a noncombustible core, composed primarily of gypsum, and a thick paper surfacing on the face, back and long edges.

? They can be faced with a variety of different materials, including paper and fiberglass mats.

? It differs from other panel building products, such as plywood, hardboard, and fiberboard, because of its noncombustible core and paper facers.

? Gypsum wall board creates a continuous surface suitable for most types of interior decoration.

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Whether raw, natural, synthetic, or even recycled, it is often desirable to further process gypsum before use, particularly in the case of agricultural applications. When processing any material, it is important to recognize key characteristics that will affect manufacturing operations and the final product generated. Even commonly processed minerals such as gypsum require testing on a case-by-case basis to ensure quality results.

The following list outlines key material characteristics that affect gypsum processing.

Abrasive

Mined gypsum is a somewhat abrasive material. As a result, robust equipment must be used when processing gypsum. Rotary dryers are an ideal solution for many types of ore, as they are rugged pieces of equipment, easily customized with heavy-duty linings that defend against erosion. Customizations can be made to other processing equipment as well, in order to protect against abrasion, and prolong equipment life. No matter what the equipment, keeping gypsum’s abrasive nature in mind during design is a must.

Dust and Clumps

When granulated properly, pelletized gypsum is much easier to handle than its raw, powdered counterpart. However, clumping and dusting issues may occur when drying and pelletizing powdered gypsum. In order to avoid such problems, processing equipment should be customized to accommodate.

Raw Material Description

Gypsum has been known for centuries and is one of the oldest building materials in the world. The earliest use of gypsum discovered was in Anatolia around 6000 B.C. Later, in about 3700 B.C., gypsum was used on the interiors of the great pyramids in Egypt. One of the early uses of gypsum in building construction appears to have occurred in 3700 B.C. when the Egyptians used gypsum blocks and plaster applied over woven straw lath in the building of the pyramid of Cheops. As a testimony to the strength and durability of gypsum, some of this construction is still intact and viewable, including walls decorated with murals composed of tinted plaster. For centuries now, gypsum has played a crucial role in construction. American settlers recognized gypsum’s potential use as plaster and as a soil amendment. Modern gypsum board has as its predecessor a product called “Sackett Board,” a composite material that was made of layers of thin plaster placed between four plies of wool felt paper. Sackett Board was patented in 1894 by Augustine Sackett, the man generally considered to be the grandfather of the gypsum board manufacturing industry.

The wallboard is approximately 92% gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO4 2H2O), 7% paper, and 1% impurities and additives. Gypsum is found in every continent of the world and is one of the most widely used minerals.

Gypsum board – a part replacement to wood

Due to obvious reasons, wood has been extensively used in the construction of buildings in Bhutan for flooring, paneling, insulation and various other purposes. In the today’s context, wood is increasingly becoming scarce and costly. Some of the applications of wood viz for insulation, ceiling, partition, paneling, etc need to be replaced by alternative materials. Gypsum board offers an alternative to wood for applications like ceiling, insulation and partition. Besides, gypsum board is a modern material of construction used extensively in the construction and finishing of the buildings. Gypsum board is often called drywall, wallboard, or plasterboard.

It consist of a noncombustible core, composed primarily of gypsum, and a thick paper surfacing on the face, back and long edges.

They can be faced with a variety of different materials, including paper and fiberglass mats.

It differs from other panel building products, such as plywood, hardboard, and fiberboard, because of its noncombustible core and paper facers.
Gypsum wall board creates a continuous surface suitable for most types of interior decoration.

The chemistry of Gypsum board

Pure gypsum is a white to transparent mineral, but sometimes impurities color it grey, brown, or pink. Its chemical name is calcium sulphate dihydrate, and its chemical formula is CaSO4•2H2O. When gypsum is heated, it loses about three quarters of its water and becomes hemihydrate gypsum (CaSO4•½H2O), which is soft and can be easily ground to a powder called hemihydrate gypsum plaster or Plaster of Paris. If this powder is then mixed with water to form a paste or slurry, then it will dry and set rock hard.

The chemically combined water, previously driven off by heating, will recombine, and the material will revert to the original chemical composition of gypsum. While the hemihydrate gypsum plaster is in slurry form, it can be poured between two paper layers to make wallboard, used to fill cracks and crevices, or poured into a mold.

Plaster of Paris is a building material. Plaster of Paris is raw gypsum that is chemically altered by heat to remove much of the water contained in the gypsum molecule and then hydrated to make it useable as a plastering material. It remains a viable product to this day.

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The various sources of gypsum in India when developed  will yield in addition to high grade gypsum. According to the  present knowledge  the  latter has prospect of economic use as building materials,  namely  plaster,  plaster boards  and  block.  Gypsum plaster boards can be used as covering for walls  ceilings  and partition  in  normally by environments and  under  controlled conditions of humidity and temperature in buildings.

INTRODUCTION
SPECIFICATIONS
MANUFACTURE
MAIN CONFIGURATION
PROCESSING CHART
GYPSUM BOARD PRODUCTION LINE PICTURES
B. I. S. SPECIFICATIONS
BASIS
MARKET SURVEY
RAW MATERIALS
CHEMISTRY OF THE PROCESS & PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/EXPORTERS OF GYPSUM BOARD
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
PROCESS FLOW SHEET
LIGHTWEIGHT GYPSUM BOARD
CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF GYPSUM BOARD
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
PLANT LAYOUT
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
COMPLETE PLANT SUPPLIERS ON TURNKEY BASIS
SUPPLIERS OF MACHINERY & EQUIPMENTS

APPENDIX – A :

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

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