Asafoetida is the dried aromatic gum-resin exuded from the living rhizome, rootstock or taproot of varied plant species of genus Ferula.

Local names: Hing, Asafetida, Ingo, Inguva

Plant Sources: Ferula asafoetida and allied species (Ferula foetida and Ferula narthex).

Family: Umbelliferae

Distribution: The perennial asafoetida plants has several varieties and are native to the region between the Mediterranean region to Central Asia, especially Iran and Afghanistan. The other species, known botanically as Ferula northex, grow abundantly in Kashmir, Western Tibet and Afghanistan.

Major producing countries: Afghanistan, Iran, Turkistan. Ferula gum-resins are imported to India, mainly from Iran and Afghanistan. A part of the imported gum resin is re-exported to various countries after some processing and value addition.

Method of harvesting/tapping: The gum resin is obtained from incisions in the roots and rhizomes of the plants. Usually plants of sour to five years old develop very thick and fleshy, carrot shaped roots. The upper part of the root is laid bare and the stem is cut close to the crown. The exposed surface is covered by a dome shaped structure made of twigs and earth. A milky juice exudes from the cut surface which soon coagulates when exposed to air. After some days, the exudate gum-resin is scraped off and a fresh slice of the root is cut.

Period of harvesting/collection: Tapping is usually done in March and April, just before the plants flower.

The milk juice obtained from the root becomes a brown, resin-like mass after drying. Asafoetida is processed and marketed either as lumps or in powdered form. The lump asafoetida is the most common form of pure asafoetida.The trading form is either the pure resin or so-called “compounded asafoetida" which is a fine powder consisting to more than 50% of rice flour and gum arabic to prevent lumping. The advantage of the compounded sorin is that is is easier to dose.

The gum-resin is also steam distilled to obtain the essential oil known as Oil of Asafoetida.

Asafoetida of commerce is available in three forms, viz..`tears',`mass',and paste'. The `tears’ constituting the purest form of the resin, are rounded or flattended, 5-30 mm in diameter and greyish or dull yellow in colour.  The two types are recognised according to whether the tears retain the  original pale colour for years or gradually become dark or reddish  brown.

Mass asafoetida is the common commercial form. It consists of tears agglutinated into a more or less uniform mass usually mixed with fragments of root, earth, etc.  The paste form also contains extraneous matter.

INTRODUCTION
USES AND APPLICATIONS
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
MARKET SURVEY
EXPORT DATA OF COMPOUNDED ASAFOETIDA
MANUFACTURERS/EXPORTERS/SUPPLIERS OF ASAFOETIDA
(COMPOUNDED)-HING
OVERVIEW OF ASAFOETIDA
ORIGIN, DISTRIBUTION AND VARIETY OF ASAFOETIDA
BENEFITS OF ASAFOETIDA
PROPERTIES OF ASAFOETIDA
BRANDS OF COMPOUNDED ASAFOETIDA AND THEIR QUALITY
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
PROCESS FLOW CHART
TECHNICAL ASPECT OF COMPOUNDED ASAFOETIDA
PROCESSING DETAILS OF SPICE HING
COMPLIANCES FOR CMPOUNDED ASAFOETIDA BUSINESS
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
PLANT LAYOUT
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES

APPENDIX – A:

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

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