BLOW MOULDING

• Injection blow Moulding
• Extrusion Blow Moulding
• Intermittent Extrusion
• Stretch Blow Moulding
• Properties of the most common plastics bottle materials
• Injection Moulded Parison
• Extruded Parison
• Extrusion Blow moulded Parison
• Aseptic Blow Moulding
• Multilayer Blow Moulding
• Injection versus extrusion blow moulding
• Blow Moulding Process
• A typical extrusion blow moulding machinery
• Quick mould change system blow moulding
• Blow Mould
• Injection blown vis a vis extrusion blow
• Moulding
• Injection blow moulding
• Quick Change Plate
• Blow Pin (s)
• Article transfer
• Punch
• Die/Pin
• Head
• Characteristics of extrusion blow moulding of some common polymers
• Major uses of composite bottles
• Coextrusion which Plastics go best together
• Extrusion blow moulding Design Concepts
• Blow moulding
• Perforator for  drainage pipes
• Reciprocating screw machine used in blow moulding
• Die and mandrel assembly

CHARACTERISTICS OF HDPE AND PP POLYMERS FOR BLOW MOULDING 

• HDPE High Density Polyethylene
• Polypropylene
• Selection of Blow Moulding Material
• Recommended temperature for cavities in blow moulds
• Melt temperature and pressure for extrusion blow moulding of some polymers
• Processing data for stretch blow moulding
• Volume shrinkage of stretch blow moulded bottles
• Average polymer swell for some polymers
• Data on air blowing pressures
• Operation and Control in Blow Moulding
• Bottle Design Concepts
• Basic design consideration in blow moulding
• Bottle design concepts
• Surface treatment of containers
• Flame Treatment
• Coatings
• Fluorination
• Sulphonation
• Bar coading
• Package Coding
• Blow ratio
• Shape of cavity opening
• Some blow moulding process variants
• Deep draw blow moulding
• Flashless Blow Moulding (FBM)
• Extrusion blow mould check list
• Multilayer Blow Moulding
• Industrial Blow Moulding Applications
• Co-extrusion Blow Moulding
• Advantages of Co-Extrusion of Large Parts
• Multilayer Blow Moulding
• Six Factors that can change container volume
• Comparison
• Intermittent Vs Continuous Co-extrusion
• Why Multilayer containers
• Multilayer film Major Applications
• Commercial co-extrusion
• Co-ex/multilayer injection moulding
• Multi component moulding
• Multicolour Moulding
• Special Moulding
• Multilayer plastics bottles
• Main Function
• Materials
• Observation
• Blow moulding some new technologies
• 3-Dimensional Blow Moulding
• Coextrusion properties of materials
• Applications/structures of multilayer bottles
• Preferred Materials Combination
• Rotary injection blow moulding
• 15% Long Glass Fiber
• Foam Technology
• Rotary Injection blow moulding
• Extrusion blow mould check list

MOULDS FOR BLOW MOULDING 

• Bottle Design Concepts
• Some General Design considerations
• Bottle pack process
• Industrial and Structural part Design
• Extrusion Blow Moulds
• Construction
• Blow moulds
• The Materials
• Cooling
• Pinch-offs
• Venting
• Injection Blow Moulding
• Injection Blow Moulding Process
• Injection blow moulding
• Strtech blow moulding
• Single stage per process
• Injection stretch blow moulding
• Coextrusion Blow Moulding
• Pet stretch Injection blow moulding
• Injection Stretch Blow Moulding Process
• Types of Processes
• Development of PP Containers
• ISBM Machines for PP
• Opportunities for PP Containers
• Bottles and Containers Market
• Compact preform shuttle system
• Conclusion
• Shuttle mould for increasing output of pet preforms

PLASTIC EXTRUSION

• Single screw extruder
• Extruder barrel and feed section
• Barrel heat input and extraction mechanisms
• Barrel temperature control system
• Screw
• Gearbox and thrust bearing
• Drives
• Venting
• Types of Dies for Film Extrusion
• Extrusion of plastic films
• Introduction
• Processing
• Material of construction
• Heating & Cooling systems
• Breaker Plate & Screeens
• Downstream Equipments
• Different types of Film Processing techniques
• Blown Film Extruder
• Processing temperature profiles
• Frost Line height (FLH)
• Film Thickness Control
• Thickness Variation Control
• Stretch Extrusion Process

FUELS FROM PLASTICS WASTE 

• Introduction
• Global Scenario
• Plastic Waste
• Environmental Impact
• Plastic waste importers in Asia
• Fuel/Energy Shortage
• Alternative Waste Disposal Methods
• Plastic waste to fuel
• Conversion Process
• Principles Involved
• Calorie on a par with Coal and Oil
• Laboratory Scale
• The Process
• Salient Features
• Test Reports
• Emission Report
• End Uses
• Liquid Hydrocarbon
• Gas
• Solid Hydrocarbon
• Gas
• Solidfuel
• Benefits of the Technology

FRP SILOS, TANKS AND PIPES BY CENTRIFUGAL CASTING

• Introduction
• Product Description and properties
• Uses and Applications
• Silos for storage and processing
• Performance Characteristics of Silos Made of Different Materials
• Tanks for storage and transport
• Pipes
• Cylindrical bodies as constructional elements
• Manufacturing Process
• Raw Materials
• Plant and Machinery

INJECTION MOULDING FLUID ASSISTED INJECTION MOULDING MAKES HOLLOW PARTS  FASTER, LIGHTER

• Gas assisted injection moulding
• How does it work
• The process sequence
• Geometric catgories
• Merits of gas assist injectio moulding process
• Geometric categories of gas assisted injection molded products
• Complex Parts with Localized heavy Sections
• Rod shaped Parts
• Large Cover Shaped Parts
• Demerits of gas assisted injected molding
• Gas assisted injection molded products
• Application examples
• Water assist injection molding
• Melt/Gasfront velocity amount of polymer in front of the gasbubble
• Gas bubble propagation wall thickness distribution
• Short shot process
• Push back process
• Overflow process
• Flow Process
• Advantages of the WIT
• Conclusion

ITALIAN EQUIPMENT FOR PLASTICS RECOVERY

• Shredding and grinding of car bumpers
• Two and three shafts
• Profiles and offcuts

INJECTION MOULDING OF PLASTICS 

• The Material Hopper
• The Barrel/Cylinder heating system
• The Barrel/Cylinder and Screw
• Adhesion
• Abrasion
• Corrosion
• Delamination
• The Screw Drive System
• The Stationary Platen
• The Mould
• The Moving Platen and Tie Rods
• The Clamping Unit
• To close and open the mould
• To eject the parts
• To keep the mould closed during the injection cycle
• Trouble free moulds
• General check list for new moulds
• Machine
• Mould Design
• General
• Mould Analysis Software
• Co-ordinate Measuring Machine
• Benefit to Processors
• Granulator  Check List
• Metal Separators
• General Performance Data

MOULD AND MACHINE SETTING UP 

• Moulding Set up Time
• Injection moulding cycle
• A break up of most common moulding cycle
• Check list for start up
• Processing :Some initial consideration
• Preliminary
• Machine Requirement
• Number of shots/Cycle
• Time
• Plasticizing Capacity/Rate
• Clamp Tonnage
• Mouldability features
• part Removal
• The Sprue
• runner System
• Cold Slug Well
• Gate Location
• Gate Size
• Cores
• Vents
• Undercuts
• Melt Rheology
• Purging
• The Injection Moulding Machine Operation
• The injection moulding  cycle
• Sequence of events during an injection moulding cycle
• Injection moulding cycle
• Trace of two different injection moulding cycles in a pvt diagram
• Holding pressure
• Schematic of different runner system arrangements
• Principal conditions in moulding
• Schematic of different gating system
• SMC production line
• Setting up a moulding shop
• Accessories  for the Injection Unit
• Measurable minimum requirement for injection moulding machines
• Hygroscopic Plastics
• Frequently Employed Clamping Systems for Injection Moulding Machine
• Injection pressure required for various plastics
• Common Gating Systems & Their Aplications
• Recommendation for temperature settings along a vented barrel for various thermoplastics
• Spherical radi and of dimensions of nozzles according to european standards

OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS IN INJECTION MOULDING 

• Effect of processing on mechanical properties
• Injection moulding parameters for common plastics
• Molecular Orientation
• Residual Stresses
• Melt Elasticity
• Melt Fracture
• Weld Lines
• Accurate Dimensions
• Cooling Rate
• Weigh Feeding and Blending
• Feeders
• Shrinkage in direction of flow (a) and Transversely to it (b) with various types of gate
• Weight Blenders
• Interrelationship of part design, moulding conditions, polymer selection and mould design
• Specific gravity and bulk factor of plastics materials
• Controls
• Thermal conductivity of materials
• Water absorption of common plastics(%)
• Process control Methods in injection moulding
• Factors that Affect Reproductive behaviour of Injection moulding Machine
• Minimum actual cooling time in seconds
• Processing temperatures, mould temperatures, and shrinkage of most common plastics used in injection moulding
• General
• In line injection compression equipment
• Mouldflow
• What is Mouldflow
• Measurable minimum requirements for injection moulding machines
• Dry  cycle times of injection Moulding machines a thumb rule
• How Mouldflow can help Part Designers, Mould Maker & Processor
• How Mouldflow can help Mould Designer
• How Mouldflow can help a Processor
• How to improve Quality & Productivity using Mouldflow
• Injection pressure required for various plastics in general
• Injection pressure ranges for modular system of injection units
• Effect of processing parameters on part dimensions
• Processing Limitations for various polymers guidelines
• Recommended nozzles for plastics moulding machines
• Percentage by weight of permissible moisture and the recommended drying temperatures of various plastics materials
• Conventional injection moulding machine
• Remplan’s line injection compression system
• Injection moulding processing temperature range
• Interrelationship of part with design, moulding conditions, polymer selection and mould design
• Suggested wall thickness for common thermoplastic moulding materials
• Hydraulic system noise suppression
• Some suggestions for Noise Reduction
• Composition of material(%) after being processed several times (number of throughputs and with different ratios of virgin-regrind)
• Comparison of colouring methods
• Wall thickness of moulded parts
• Quality of moulded parts factory that affect
• Injection moulding section
• Estimating Cooling Time
• Importance of cooling in injection moulding
• Good Cooling vs. Bad Cooling
• Why is Turbulent Flow important
• How Cooling Affects the Cycle Time
• How Wall Thickness Impacks Cooling Time
• Cooling channel
• Diameter and Placement
• How Turbulent is Enough
• Energy Consumption in Injection Moulding
• Typical break up of energy in injection moulding cycle
• Injection moulding control system
• Mechanical Properties
• Dimensional Accuracy
• Surface Quality
• Basic Methods for control
• Temperature Controls
• Injection moulding product to production
• Starting a new unit/new job
• Pressure Measurement
• Disturbing Factor that affect smooth operation
• Clamping
• Injection
• Microprocess controls in moulding
• Standard Functions
• Monitoring Functions
• Control Functions
• Injection moulding pressure conversion table
• Injection moulding clamp force conversion table
• Injection moulding shot weight conversion factors
• Injection moulding shot volume conversion table

INDUSTRIAL METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE

• Flow chart for the manufacture of LDPE
• Mechanism
• Properties
• Physical Properties
• Chemical Properties
• Propagation
• Termination
• Uses

INJECTION MOULDED GOODS

• Introduction
• Product Description and Properties
• ABS
• Filled Polypropylene
• Properties & Applicatin of Filled Polypropylene
• Polypropylene Copolymer
• Uses and Applications
• Manufacturing Process

JELLY FILLED CABLES

• Introduction
• Product Description and Properties
• Uses and Applications
• Manufacturing Process

LINEAR LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE DRIP IRRIGATION PIPES

• Need for Plasticulture
• Plasticulture
• Indian Trend-Drip Irrigation
• Recurrent drought and scarce water resource has led to inefficient water use
• Drip Irrigation
• Advantages of Drip Irrigation Systems
• Drip irrigation system includes the Main Line, Submain, Line, Laterals & Emitters/Drippers
• Micro Irrigation
• Benefits
• Status in India
• Objectives of Micro Irrigation System
• Comparison between Conventional Irrigation v/c Micro Irrigation
• Manufacturing Process
• Advantages of using LLDPE
• Business with Plasticulture
• Polyethylene Pipes for Entrepreneurs
• Conslusion

LIGHT WEIGHTING OPTION PET BOTTLES

• Why light weighting of PET bottles
• Savings delivered by light weighting PET bottles
• Options for light weighting of PET bottles
• Weight reduction from neck area
• Closure manufacturer
• CSD thread evolution
• Conversion from PCO  1810 to PCO 1881 neck gives total savings of 1.9 gm per bottle
• Why this change has not happened in Indan maket?
• What is the next cost effective option
• Mineral water thread evolution
• Estimated savings with modified pco 1810
• light weight neck (3,9 gm)
• What is the optimum neck weight for mineral water application
• Comparison of two necks
• Light weighting of pre form by reduction of body weight
• Light weighting of pre  form by reduction of bottom part weight
• Light weighting of PET bottle by reduction in closure weight

BLOW MOULDED PLASTIC CONTAINERS

• Introduction
• Process of Manufacture
• Extrusion Blow Moulding
• Storage of Bottles
• Storage of empty containers
• Transport of Containers
• Plant Economics of Blow Moulded Plastic Containers
• Plant & Machinery
• Process Flow Diagram for Polyethene Bottles
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

HDPE, PVC & CPVC PIPES AND FITTINGS

• Chemical Resistance
• Strength
• Internal Corrosion Resistance
• External Corrosion Resistance
• Freedom from Toxicity Odors, Tasters
• Corrosion Free
• Low Friction Loss
• Low Thermal Conductivity
• Easy installation and low installation cost
• Maintenance free Standard Approved
• Plant Economics of HDPE, PVC & CPVC Pipes and Fittings
• Plant & Machinery
• Process Flow Sheet for The Manufacture of PVC Pipes
• Process Flow Diagram for CPVC Pipes
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PET BOTTLES USED FOR PACKAGED DRINKING WATER, EDIBLE OILS, ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (COUNTRY LIQUOR & IMFL) ETC. (IN CAP: 500ML, 1 LTR, 2 LTRS, 5 LTRS)

• Manufacturing Process of Pet Bottles ( By Single Stage Process)
• Plant Economics of Pet Bottles in Cap: 500ML
• Plant and Machinery
• PET Preform (Assorted Sizes)
• PET Bottles to Market
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLASTIC INJECTION MOULDED ITEMS (LIKE BUCKETS, PLASTIC CHAIRS, BATHING TUB)

• Manufacturing Process
• Plasticizing
• Injection
• After-Filling
• Time Cycle
• Process Flow Sheet
• Plant Economics of Injection Moulded Plastic Components
• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLASTIC INJECTION MOULDING, BLOW MOULDED AND PET BOTTLES PRODUCTS

• Manufacturing Process
• Injection Moulding Process
• Plasticizing
• Injection
• After Filling
• Cooling and Mold Release
• Time Cycle
• Injection Moulding
• Blow Moulding Process
• Process of Manufacture
• Extrusion Blow moulding
• Storage of Containers
• Storage of empty containers
• Transport of Containers
• Pet Bottles Manufacturing Process
• Plant Economics of Plastic and Pet Bottles with caps
• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLASTIC WASTE RECYCLING UNIT 

• Plant Economics
• Plastic Granules from Waste
• Basis
• Manufacturing process flow sheet for Plasti Granules from Plastic Scrap
• Land & Building
• Plant & Machienry
• Other Fixed Assets
• Fixed Capital
• Working Capital Requirement/Month
• Raw Materials
• Salary & Wages/Month
• Utilities and Overheads
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Cost of Project
• Total Capital Investment
• Cost of Production/Annum
• Turn Over/Annum
• Break Even Point (.B.E.P.)
• Resources for Finance

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IDENTIFICATION OF PLASTIC MATERIALS

Thermoplastics
ABS
Acetal
Acrylic
Cellulose Acetate
Cellulose Acetate Butyrate
Cellulose Propionate
fluorocarbons (FEP,CTFE, PTFE, PVF)
Nylons
Polycarbonate
Polyethylene
Polyphenylene Oxide (PPO)
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
Polysulfone
Polyurethane (Thermoplastic)
PVC
Thermoplastic Polyester
Thremosetting Plastics
Dialiyl Pthalate (DAP)
Epoxy
Metamine Formaldehyde
Phenol Formaldehyde
Polyesters
Silicones
Urea Formaldehyde

POLYSTYRENE MANUFACTURING

Bulk polymerization
Solution polymerization
Suspension polymerization
Emulsion polymerization
Properties
Copolymer of Styrene
Styrene Acrylonitrile Copolymer (SAN)
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene-copolymer (ABS copolymers)
Blending
Grafting
Properties
Uses

NYLON 6,6 TECHNOLOGY

Preparation of the Intermediates
Manufacture of Adipic Acid
Manufacture of Hexamethylene Diamine
From Butadiene
Industrial Manufacture of Nylon 6,6
Manufacturing Process
procedure
Fiber Properties
Nylon 6,10
Nylon 11
Nylon 7 Poly (wenanthamide)
Nylon 9; Poly (w-perlargon amide)
Nylonl2
Properties and applications

POLYESTER BASED THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER

Beginning
Types
Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomers
Chemistry of Preparation
Microphase Structure
Properties
Manufacturing Processing
Morphological behavior of copolyester TPE
Schematic representation of micro domains forming crystalline and amorphous zones in PBT/PTMO polymer
TEM images of PBT 45-1000(A), PBT35-1000(B), PBT40-1380(C), PBT 30-1380 (D) and PBT 20-1380 (E and F, PBTc C crystalline PBT) stained with Ru 04 vapour
Applications

ALKYD RESINS (POLYESTERS)

Properties of polymerizing polyesters
Typical end-users

POLYPROPYLENE PLASTICS

Introduction
Polyproplene resins:the Unique all purpose family
Self reinforced polypropylene (SRPP) composites
Polypropylene resins compete with engineering plastics and steel
Polypropylene  competes with polyamide
Polypropylene competes with metal
Clear polypropylene compete with inherently transparent polymers
Natural fibre reinforced polypropylene
Lower densities leading to noticeable weight savings
Cheap natural fibres and cheap matrix for appealing cheap composites
Conclusion

MELAMINE FORMALDEHYDE RESINS

Processing of  melamines
Typical end-uses
Moulding Applications
Alpha-cellulose filled melamine formaldehyde
Wood-flour filled melamine formaldehyde
Cotton fabric filled melamines
Asbestos filled melamines
Adhesives
Lamination
Textile Applications
Other characteristics
Typical end-uses

PLASTICS USED IN AUTOMOBILES

Vehicle Systems and Plastics
Interior Systems
Exterior Systems
Under the Bonnet Systems
Other Systems
Newer Applications
Technological Convergence
Technological Upgradation
Haptics
BSR
Fit & Finish
Grain & Texture
Decorative Finishes
Integration through Modules & Systems
Cockpit Module
Door Module
Alternate Materials
Polymer Nanocomposites
Fibre Composites
LGF
Thermochromic Material
Alternate processes
IP Technologies
Fabric Backed Trims
MuCell Process
MFT
Blow Moulding
Role of Adhesives
Interior Systems
Exterior Systems
Body Panels
Under the Bonnet
Other Systems
Soft Trims
Exterior lighting
Automotive Glazing
Sensors

ABS: ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE STYRENE COPOLYMERS

Typical Applications
Processing
Typical end uses

POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE

Manufacture of Polytetrafluoroethylene
Uses

PLASTICS BLEND AND ALLOYS

Beginning
Scenerio
Structure
What goes with What
The Technology
PC/ABS blends
Applications
PC/ABS blends
PC/PBT blends
PA blends

POLYVINYLIDENE CHLORIDE PLASTICS

Outstanding properties
Application
Effect of density on properties
Flame treatment
Chemical treatment
Electrostatic discharge treatment
Linear Low Density, Polyethylene LLDPE
Properties of LLDPE
Improved Stiffness
Excellent Puncture Resistance
Lessor Hexane Extractables
Insensitivity to Foreign Matter Inclusion
Blow Moulding
Usage

DEGRADATION OF POLYMER AND STABILISATION

Types of Degradation
Thermal Degradation
Oxidative Degradation
Solvolytic Degradation Hydrolysis
Other Types of Degradation
Degradation by Radiation
Mechanical Degradation
Ultrasonic Degradation

SUPERABSORBENT POLYMERS

Inception
Swelling RatioModulus of Elasticity
Manufacture
Processing of Polymers
Gel Size Reduction
Drying
Grinding and Sieving
Surface cross-linking
Application
disposable Infant Diapers
Adult Incontinence
Construction Materials
Food Packaging

CHEMICAL RECYCLING

Cryogenic Recycling of Bottles
Recycling of Synthetic Carpet Waste
Low-cost Recycle Sorting
Plastics into fuel oil
Recycled Engineering Elastomers

PP-R PIPES & FITTINGS FOR HOT AND COLD WATER SYSTEM

Introduction
appliance
Basic Advantage

THERMOPLASTIC RUBBER COMPOUND

Inception
Equipments used for compounding
Mixing is of two types
Raw materials and Sources
Manufacturing process with formulation
Some typical formulations of TPR compound
Characteristics of TPR compound

THERMOSETTING PLASTICS

Introduction
Kinds of Thermoset Plastics
Phenolic Resins
Phenols
Resols & novolaks
Resol
Novolaks
Acid & Base Catalysts
Basic Conditions
Functionality
Properties
Solubility
Manufacturing of Phenolic Resins
Process (Novolak)
Application of Phenolic Resins
Brakelinings
Grinding Wheels
Grinding Wheels (Abrasives)
Sand core bonding (Foundry)
Shellmoulds for metal castings
Wood waste boards
Impregnation
Adhesives (Plywood Glues)
Surface Coatings
Oil Varnishes
Lamp capping cement
Rubber Based Adhesives
Rubber Compounds
Tackifier
Aminoresins
Chemistry of Urea & Formaldehyde Formaldehyde
Methylol Urea
Dimethylol Urea
U.F. Resin
Melamine Formaldehyde Resin
Applications Moulding Materials
Process
Fillers
Curing Catalysts
Lubricants
Colourants
Manufacturing Process
Applications of Aminoplastic Mouldings
Other Industrial Applications
Laminates
Aminoresins for Laminating
The laminating Process
Decorative laminates
Industrial laminates
Adhesives
Manufacture
Hardners
Extenders
Melamine resin adhesives
Applications
Plywood manufacture
Particle Board & Fibre Boards
Binders for sand cores
Textile Finishing Process
Use of Wet Strength Paper
Coating Applications
The preparation of Butylated Amino resins

VINYL USED IN PIPES

Vinyl in pipe applications
This is the house that vinyl built
Versatility
Value
Durability
Solid Environmental Performance
Vinyl in medical applications
Clarity and transparency
Flexibility, durability and dependability
Sterlizability
Compatibility
Resistance to chemical stress cracking
Ease of processing
Recyclability
Low cost

WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE (WPC)

Synopsis
Wood-Thermoplastic composite -A New class of material
Technology status of WPCs
Manufacture & processing Constituents of Wood Composites
Resin
Wood as filler
Wood Flour
Application benefits
Additive
Properties of thermoplastic composites
Applications & Market
Current Scenario
Wood Filled PP Products
Wood filled PP for Door Trims
Conclusion

ACRYLIC BATH TUB AND SHOWER TRAY

Introduction
History of bathtubs and bathing
Claw foot tub
Claw foot tubs come in 5 major styles
Baby bathtub
Whirlpool tubs
Plant Economics of Acrylic Bath Tub and Shower Tray
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

ARTIFICIAL MARBLE (SYNTHETIC)

Introduction
Plant Economics of Artificial Marble (Synthetic
Plant & Machinery
List of Manufacturing Equipment
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

BIODEGRADABLE/COMPOSTABLE PLASTICS

Biodegradation
Materials
Effect of biodegradable plastics
Plant Economics of Biodegradable/Compostable Plastics
Plant & Machinery
Fixed capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn over/annum

DISPOSABLE SYRINGES AND NEEDLE PLANT (SINGLE USE SYRINGES, SINGLE USE NEEDLES & AS SYRINGES)

Rated Plant Capacity
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

HDPE, PVC, LLDPE Pipes/Tubes and Fittings

PVC Pipe Uses
Plant Economics of HDPE, PVC, LLDPE Pipes/Tubes and Fittings
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

NON-WOVEN INDUSTRY (CARRY BAGS, SURGICAL GOWN, FACE MASK, ROUND CAPS, SHOE COVER, GLOVES)

Introduction
Printed Nonwoven Punch bag
Nonwoven Tote Bag W/Zipper
Foldable Nonwoven Tote Bag
Specifications
Nonwoven Shopping Bag
Features of the Non Woven Shopping Bag
Specifications
Products Applications
Uses and Applications
Nonwoven fabric raw material
Shopping bag made of nonwoven fabric
Surgical gown
Stretchable and permeable non-woven protective gloves
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PET PREFORM AND PET JARS (20 LTRS CAPACITY)

Plant Economics of Pet Preform and Pet Jars (Cap 20 Ltrs)
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLASTIC MOULDED CHAIRS (P.P)

Plant Economics of Plastic Moulded Chairs (P.P.)
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLASTIC WASTE RECYCLEING UNIT

Introduction
Plant Economics of Plastic Waste Recycling Unit
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLASTIC WATER STORAGE TANKS

Plant Economics of Plastic Water Storage Tanks
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLASTICIZERS

Introduction
For Plastics
Ester plasticizers
For concrete
For gypsum wallboard production
Plasticizers for energetic materials
Plasticizer Markets
Plant Economics of Plasticizers
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PYROLYSIS PLANT FROM PLASTIC AND RUBBER

Plant Economics of Pyrolysis Plant from Plastic & Rubber
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

RIGID PVC FILM MANUFACTURE FOR PHARMACEUTICALS BLISTER PACKAGING

Plant Econnomics of Rigid PVC film Manufacture for Pharmaceuticals Blister Packaging
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

uPVC DOORS AND WINDOWS PROFILE

Plant Economics of UPVC doors and windows profiles
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE BOARD LINE

Introduction
Plant Economics of Wood Plastic Composite Board Line
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

The post IDENTIFICATION OF PLASTICS AND OTHER PLASTIC PROCESS INDUSTRIES (Polystyrene, Nylon, Thermoplastic Elastomer, Alkyd Resin, Polypropylene Plastics, Melamine Formaldehyde Resins, ABS, Plastic Blends, Polyvinylidene Chloride Plastics, Polymer, Pipes) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Beginning
Inhouse identification facilities
Laboratory
Equipments to be used
Glasswares and other Accessories
Optional accessories
Chemicals
Solvents
Organic reagents
Inorganic chemicals
Acids and bases
Miscellaneous
Identification of Plastics (Simple Methods)
Physical Identification
Visual appearance
Method of fabrication
Penetration to hot rod and cutting with a knife
Floatation test
Colour
Odour
Burning test
Bending test
Film tear test
Chemical Identification
Pyrolysis test
Solubility test
Softening and melting points
Detection of elements
Preparation of sodium fusion extract
Nitrogen
Chlorine and Bromine
Fluorine
Sulphur
Detection of phosphorus
Preparation of ammonium molybdate solution
Confirmation tests
Tests for Polyolefins
Test for Chlorine Containing Polymers
Test for Caprolactum in Nylon 6
Test for Adipic acid in Nylon 6.6
Test for Polycarbonate
Test for PMMA
Test for Polyacetals
Tests for PET and PBT
Test for Polyurethane
Test for Cellulose in Cellulosics (Molisch Reaction)
Test for acetates and propionates
Test for cellulose ethers
Detection of methyl cellulose
Reaction to heating and burning
Detection of ethyl cellulose
Tests for phenol formaldehyde (PF), urea formaldehyde (UF) and melamine formaldehyde (MF)
Test for epoxy resin
Foucry test
Test for alkyd resins
Test for phthalate
Identification of plastics materials
Thermoplastics
ABS
Acetal
Acrylic
Cellulose acetate
Cellulose acetate butyrate
Cellulose propionate
Fluorocarbons (FEP,CTFE, PTFE, PVF)
Nylons
Polycarbonate
Thermoplastic polyester
PVC
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
Polyphenylene oxide (PPO)
Polysulphone
Polyurethane (Thermoplastic)
Thermosetting Plastics
Diallyphthalate (DAP)
Epoxy
Phenol formaldehyde
Urea formaldehyde
Melamine formaldehyde
Polyesters
Silicones
Identification of plastics (instrumental methods)Infrared Spectroscopy
Sample preparation
Capillary films
Solutions
Films
Pellets
Mulls
Identification
Monomer content studies
Crystallisation of polymers
Compatibility of polymers
Copolymer composition analysis
Polymer degradation
Thermal Analysis
Differential scanning calorimetry
Thermogravimetric analyser
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography
Applications
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)
Applications of NMR to polymers

ADDITIVES FOR POLYOLEFINS

Introduction
Types of Additives
Incorporation of Additives
Antioxidants
Types
U.V.Stabilizers
Antiblocking agents
Slip agents
Antistatic agents
Metal deactivators
Colourants
Nucleating Agents
Crosslinking
Flame retardants
Fillers and reinforcing agents
Impact modifiers
Blowing agents
Cling agents
Lubricants & processing aids
masterbatches

VARIOUS PLASTICS APPLICATIONS

Introduction
Plastics for space application
Materials for space
Materials for structural and related applications
Thermal control Materials
Materials for lubricated system
Electronic Components Materials
Materials for adhesion/sealing etc.
Adhesives
Sealant
Plastics Engineering in automobiles
Safety and Economy in Automobiles
Engineering Plastics in Electronics
Properties
Modification of Engineering Plastics
Application in Electronics Industry
Engineering Plastics vs Metals
Capacitors
Plastic Encapsulation of Semi Conductors
Covers and Enclosures
Mechanical and Electrical Parts
Printed Circuit Boards (PCB)
Newer Plastics
High temperature PES
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK)
Engineering Thermoplastics for Mechanical Engineering Applications
Nylon Polyamide
Excellent mechanical load bearing capacity
Favourable friction and abrasion properties
Self lubrication
Vibration and sound damping
Applications in mechanical components
Thermoplastic Polyester
Specific properties
Typical applications in mechanical engineering Polyacetal (POM)
Applications
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Properties
Applications
Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
Properties
Applications
Thermoplastic Polyurethanes
Applications
Polyethylene terephathalate and polybutylene terephthalate in engineering applications
Properties
Processing
Sensitivity to hydrolytic degradation
Low melt viscosity
Precise temperature control
Mould heating
Applications
Electrical
Electronics
Automotives
Domestic applications
Lamps
Mechanical
Building
Plastics in buildings
Plastic Materials
Construction aids
Wall panel
Thermal insulation
Sealants
Adhesives in buildings
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications of recycled plastics
Recycled LDPE
Recycled PVC
Recycled Polystyrene (PS)
Domestic
Recycled Polyethylene Tetrephthalate (PET)
Recycled Commingied Plastics Waste

BIODEGRADATION OF PLASTICS AND POLYMERS

Mechanisms of degradation in polymers
Photodegradation
Thermal degradation
Chemical degradation
Biological degradation
Factors affecting biodegradability
Effect of Polymer structure, chemical composition and properties
Effect of Environmental factors
Soil texture and structure
Soil temperature
Cation exchange capacity
Soil organic matter (SOM)
Water
Soil pH

BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERS AND PLASTICS

Classification of Biopolymers
Polyester
Polycaprolactone
Poly(b-hydroxybutyrate)
Poly(phosphoesters)
Polycarbonates
Poly(amides)
Polyphosphazenes
Poly(orthoesters)
Polyanhydrides
Factor Affecting Biodegradation
Effect of Polymer Structures
Effect of Polymer Morphology
Effect of Molecular Weight
Effect of Radiation and Chemical Treatment
Biomedical Applications
Surgical Sutures
Bone Fixation Devices

BULK MOULDING COMPOUNDS (BMC)

Overview
Bulk Moulding Compounds
What are bulk Moulding Compounds
Characteristics of Bulk Moulding Compounds
Thermal stability
Flame Retardance
Electrical Properties
Colours
Resistance to Chemicals and Stains
Cost
Storage and Shelf life
Processability
Recyclability
Conclusion
Common uses of BMC in automotive industry

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PLASTICS AND POLYMERS

Introduction
Preparation for Analysis
Preliminary examination
Nitrogen
Chlorine
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Saponification Number
Phenols
Methyl Alcohol
Ethyl Alcohol
Phthalic Acid
Colophony Resins
Other Resins
Nitro groups
Aidehydes
Furfural
Coumarone
Aniline
Glycerol
Carbohydrate (Cellulose)
Acetic Acid
Quantitative analysis
Cellulose Ethers
Methylcellulose
Ethylcellulose
Benzylcellulose
Cellulose Esters
Cellulose acetate
Cellulose acetobutyrate
Nitrocellulose
Polyvinyl Esters
Polyvinyl acetate
Polyvinyl chloride
Polyvinyl chloride acetate
Polystyrene
Polymethacrylic and Polyacrylic Esters
Phenol formaldehyde Condensation Products
Aminoplastis
Proteinoplasts
Aniline formaldehyde
Urea resins
Melamine formaldehyde resin
Thiourea resin
Sulphonemide formaldehyde resins
Nylon
Analysis of aminoplasts
Chlorinated Plastics
Chlorinated rubber
Chlorinated diphenyl
Chlorinated naphthalene
Chloroprene
Natural and synthetic rubber
Plasticizers

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ADDITIVES IN PLASTICS AND POLYMERS

Beginning
Direct spectroscopy of polymer films
Apparatus
Procedure
Preparation of sample film
Recording the infrared spectrum
Measurement of Absorbance
Calibration
Preliminary solvent extraction
Solvent Extraction Procedures
Determination of tinuvin 326 in polypropylene
Apparatus
Reagents
Procedure
Calibration
Polymer Extraction
Determination of phenolic antioxidants
Determination of amine antioxidants
Apparatus
Reagents
Methanol hydrochloric acid solvent
Procedure “A”
Alternate Procedure “B” for PBNA
Determination of plasticizers
Extraction with Single Solvents
Extraction with Mixed Solvents
Multiple Extractions
Improvement of Extractions
Determination of ultra violet absorbers
Method
Apparatus
Reagents
Calibration
Cetting up the fluorimeter
Console controls
Dynode supply
Filter
Recorder
Analysis of Polystyrene
Calculations
Determination of Polygard
Determination of organic peroxides
Determination of p-tert butyl Perbenzoate in Polystyrene
Apparatus
Reagents
Procedure
Calculations
Valuation of styrene, acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile monomers
Direct Ultra violet Spectroscopic Method for Styrene
Distillation/Ultra violet Spectroscopic Method for Styrene
Polarographic Method for Acrylonitrile
Apparatus
Reagents
Acrylonitrile and styrene monomers Re-distill the monomers immediately before use
Hydrogen or nitrogen extremely low oxygen content
Procedure

CROSS LINKED POLYETHYLENE COMPOUND

Introduction
Plant & Machinery
Radiation crosslinking
Compounding
Applications of radiation crosslinking
Preference of XLPE in cables
Uses of radiation crosslinked polyethylene
Formulations & Processing parameters

DRIP IRRIGATION

What is Drip Irrigation?
Typical setup of Drip Irrigation System
Why Drip Irrigation?
Gvernment Initiative for Popularisation of Irrigation System
Micro Irrigation Scheme
Indian Business
RR+DRTS Together
Important Features of Drip Line Pipe Plant Supplied by R.R.
Drip Emitters DRTS PC Dripper
Why pressure compensating (PC) drippers?
Advantages in slopes
Precision
Lower project cost
Simple Design
Fertilizer advantages

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER SYSTEMS

Introduction
New tissues using function cells and bio degradable polymer scafffolds
Polymers serve severa Ipurposes
Effective as scaffolds for cell delivery in the generation of new tissue
Some disadvantages of these polymers
Poly (glycolic acid), PGA and poly (lactic acid), PLA and their copolymers
Medical application of PGA
Concerns about degradation
Cross linkable PPF, poly (propylene fumarate)
Polyanhydrides
Polyanhydride for drug delivery applications
Photo cross linkable polyanhydride
Poly carbonates
Polyphosphazene
Poly orthoesters
Polyurethanes
Development of injectable and biodegradable polymer for tissue engineering
Requirements in orthopedic tissue engineering

ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING POLYMERS

Introduction
Structural features
The band theory of solids and the electrical conductivity of p-conjugated polymers
Doping of organic conjugated polymers
General methods of preparationof conducting polymers
Chemical routes
Electrochemical synthesis
Photochemical synthesis
Attempts to improve the processability of conducting polymers
Electrically conducting polyaniline
Chemical synthesis of emeraldine base
Electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline
Earlier doping studies on polyaniline
Use of Polymer functionalized dopants
Influence of organic sulphonic acids
Polyanilline camphor sulphonic acid/dodpcyl benzene sulphonic acid systems
Secondary doping in polyaniline
Organic phosphonic acids as the dopants
Naturally available organic compound as dopants
Applications of conducting polymers
Conducting plastics in devices
Coaxial cable
Electromagnetic shielding
Thin film trqansistors
Flexible display
Smart windows
Solder
Batteries
Artificial muscle
Biological Sensors
Camouflage coatings
Electroluminescence Lightemitting diode (LED)
Electrostatic materials
Conducting adhesives
Printed circuit boards
Aircraft structures
Molecular electronics
Electrochemical actators
Smart structures

EXPANDED POLYETHYLENE

Beginning
Process
Raw materials
Blowing Agents
Chemical Blowing Agents (CBA)
Physical blowing agents (PBA)
CFC
Butane
Other additives
Open and closed cell foamed plastics
Non-crossedlinked foam
Crosslinked foam
Mouldable Foam beads
properties
Antistatic property
Fire retardant property
Density
Size of cells
Thermal conductivity
Temperature range
Fabrication versatility
Laminate products
Applications
Cushion packaging
Automotive use
Shoes/sports gods
Carpet underlay
Construction
Conclusion

EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE

Introduction
Manufacturing process
Diffusion of blowing agent into Polystyrene
The Quenched Pellet Process
Extrusion process
Processing temperature
Effect of cell nucleating agent
General processing parameters of polystyrene
Some Properties of Polystyrene
properties are to be measured (After foaming)
Applications

HDPE TARPAULINS AS SACKS FOR FRUITS & VEGETABLES

Introduction
11th Plant aimed at doubleing the annual growth rate in the agriculture sector to 4 percent
Growth
Plastics in Agribusiness
Tarpaulin
Advantages of HDPE Tarpaulin
Polyethylene Tarpaulins
Manufacturing Process
Lamination
Sealing
Border making
Machinery
Transportation
Storage
Plastics for Entrepreneurs
HDPE Eyeleted Tarpaulins as sacks for packaging of fruits & vegetales with more number of eyelets for breathability
End Uses of HDPE Tarpaulin
End Uses of HDPE Tarpaulin

HIGH DENSITY POLYTHYLENE (HDPE)

Co-ordination Polymerization (Ziegler Process)
Mechanism
Initiation
Propagation

The post Complete Technology Book on Identification of Plastics and Plastic Products Materials (Additives, Applications, Biodegradation, Biomedical, Bulk Moulding Compound, Chemical Analysis, XLPE, Drip Irrigation, Expanded Polyethylene, Polystyrene & HDPE) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.