Project report on Led Smelting - Technology Book - Feasibility Report - Market Survey - Industrial Report https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product-tag/led-smelting/ We Create Industrialist Thu, 23 Dec 2021 06:17:17 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9 https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/cropped-logo-1-32x32.jpg Project report on Led Smelting - Technology Book - Feasibility Report - Market Survey - Industrial Report https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product-tag/led-smelting/ 32 32 LEAD SMELTING AND LEAD REFINING https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/lead-smelting-and-lead-refining/ Thu, 23 Dec 2021 06:17:16 +0000 https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=15280 Lead is a chemical element with Pb as its symbol. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table and its atomic number is 82.

Lead has been in use for centuries. It is usually found in the ores of silver, zinc, and copper. This metal is soft, dense, and ductile, and is known to be malleable and corrosion resistant. When lead is cut, it is bluish-white in color; however on exposure to air it tarnishes to a dull grayish color.

Lead is a toxic element and has to be used and disposed with caution with minimal exposure to humans.

Chemical Properties

The chemical properties of lead are provided in the table below.

Chemical Data
CAS number 7439-92-1
Thermal neutron cross section 0.17 barns/atom
Electrode potential -0.126 V
Ionic radius 0.840 Å
Electro negativity 1.8
X-ray absorption edge 0.14077 Å
Electrochemical equivalent 3.858 g/A/h

Physical Properties

The following table discusses the physical properties of lead.

Properties Metric Imperial
Density (@20°C/68°F) 11.34 g/cm3 0.409 lb/in3
Melting point 327°C 621°F
Boiling point 1755°C 3191°F
Mechanical Properties

The mechanical properties of lead are tabulated below.

Properties Metric Imperial
Tensile strength 18 MPa 2610 psi
Poisson’s ratio 0.42 0.42
Modulus of elasticity 14 GPa 2030 ksi
Shear modulus 4.90 GPa 711 ksi
Hardness, Brinell 4.2 4.2
Hardness, Vickers 5 5

Thermal Properties

The thermal properties of lead are tabulated below.

Properties Metric Imperial
Thermal expansion co-efficient (@20-100°C/68-212°F) 29.1 µm/m°C 16.2 µin/in°F
Thermal conductivity 33 W/mK 229 BTU in/hr.ft².°F

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]]> INTRODUCTION
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
THERMAL PROPERTIES
TYPES / GRADES
SPECIFICATIONS OF RECYCLED LEAD
USES AND APPLICATION
TYPICAL USES
TYPICAL HISTORICAL USES FOR LEAD INCLUDED:
TYPICAL CURRENT USES FOR LEAD INCLUDE:
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
PROCESS FLOW CHART
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
MAINLY TWO TYPES PROCESS IS USED WHICH ARE GIVEN BELOW:
(1) VARTA PROCESS
(2) MA AND CX PROCESS
BATTERY SCRAPS PREPARATION.
BATTERY BREAKING PROCESS
BATTERY BREAKING
FIG: HAMMER MILL
AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY BREAKING
MANUAL
TUMBLER
FIG. 3: ENCLOSED AND EXHAUST VENTILATED TUMBLER AND DUCT WORK
SINK/FLOAT PROCESS
FIG. 4: VIEW OF SINK/FLOAT SYSTEM
FIG. 5: SCREW CONVEYORS REMOVING LEAD BEARING MATERIAL FROM A TANK IN THE SINK/FLOAT PROCESS
INDUSTRIAL BATTERY BREAKING
PASTE DE-SULPHURISATION
DRYING
HANDLING AND TRANSPORT
BELT CONVEYORS
POTENTIAL SOURCE OF EXPOSURE:
SCREW CONVEYORS
BUCKET ELEVATORS AND DRAG CHAINS/LINES
SMELTING PROCESS (LEAD REDUCTION)
FIG: ROTARY DRUM FURNACE
SHAFT FURNACE
REFINING PROCESS
PYROMETALLURGICAL REFINING
CASTING
DROSSING
POLLUTION CONTROL PROCESS
EMISSION
CONTROLS
POLLUTION MANAGEMENT PLAN
LEAD PLANT POLLUTION CONTROL
POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES PROVIDED
WORKING OF THE SYSTEM
FURNACE:
THE FOLLOWING REACTIONS CAN TAKE PLACE;-
SETTLING CHAMBER:
GRAVITY CHAMBER/ COOLING TOWER:
CYCLONE:
BAG HOUSE:
STACK:
PLANT AND MACHINERY
BATTERY CUTTING MACHINE
BREAKING SYSTEM & SEPARATION OF COMPONENTS
BENEFITS:
BATTERY HYDRO SEPARATION SYSTEM/BATTERY BREAKER
ADVANTAGES:
BHS WORKING PRINCIPLE:
BHS OPERATION:
ROTARY FURNACE
ABOUT ROTARY FURNACE
FURNACE CHARGING MACHINE:
3 STAGE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT
POLLUTION CONTROL & WASTE MANAGEMENT
DUST COLLECTOR
CYCLONE
COOLING TOWER
SPARK ARRESTER
BAG HOUSE
WET SCRUBBER
CHIMNEY
LEAD INGOT CASTING MACHINE
INTRODUCTION
OPERATING PRINCIPLE
MODEL OF INGOT CASTING MACHINE:
ADVANTAGES:
LEAD REFINING FURNACE
OPERATING PRINCIPLE
LEAD ALLOYING
ADVANTAGES:
BLAST FURNACE
GBF BLAST FURNACES:
MARKET POSITION
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON RECYCLED LEAD MARKET
SOME OF THE KEY PLAYERS IN THE RECYCLED LEAD MARKET ARE-
PLANT LAYOUT
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF LEAD INGOT
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF LEAD ACID BATTERY SCRAP
SUPPLIERS OF SODA ASH
SUPPLIERS OF COKE
SUPPLIERS OF IRON
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF LEAD RECYCLING PLANT
SUPPLIERS OF DG SETS
SUPPLIERS OF EOT CRANES
SUPPLIERS OF POWER TRANSFORMER
SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRICAL PANEL
SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRIC MOTOR
SUPPLIERS OF COOLING TOWER
SUPPLIERS OF EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT (ETP PLANT)
SUPPLIERS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF AIR COMPRESSORS
SUPPLIERS OF PLATFORM WEIGHING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF SHOT BLASTING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF JIGS AND FIXTURE
SUPPLIERS OF SUBMERSIBLE WATER PUMP

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

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