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COMPLETE HAND BOOK OF BLOW MOULDING PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY WITH PROJECT PROFILES (Extrusion Blow Moulding, Stretch Blow Moulding, Injection Blow Moulding, Plastic Bottles Blow Moulding, PET Blow Moulding and Rotational Blow Moulding)

EIRI Team — Fri, 12 Sep 2014 12:36:59 +0000

TECHNOLOGY OF BLOW MOLDING

Extrusion blow moulding
Continuous extrusion equipment
Intermittent extrusion machinery
Spin trimming
Injection blow molding
Injection Stretch blow molding process
Advantages
Disadvantages

BLOW MOULDING PROCESS

Basic Blow Moulding Process
Extrusion Blow Moulding
Injection Blow Moulding
Stretch Blow Moulding
Injection Stretch Blow Moulding
Extrusion Stretch Blow Moulding
Injection blow moulding
Injection stretch blow moulding process sequence
Polymers used for Blow Moulding Process
Requirements for Blow Moulding Materials
Process Based Requirements for Material Suitability
Extrusion blow moulding
Injection blow moulding/Stretch blow moulding
Coextrusion blow moulding
End use criteria for material selection
Selection of Material for Packaging Application
End use applications of polypropylene Blow moulded products
Mineral water bottles
Properties of Repol Blow Moulding Grades
Why polypropylene for blow moulding
Processing Polypropylene
Screw and Barrel Design
Processing Temperatures
Tooling for Polypropylene
Moulds
Deflashing
Parison Transfer
Resin Properties
Additives
Shrinkage
process of Blow moulding
Basic Features of a Typical Mould
Continuous extrusion machines
Accumulator head machines
Co-extrusion and sequential 3-D blow moulding
Hard component Soft component
Laydow process
Movable mould
Movable die head
Laydown process
Parison manipulation process
3D Suction process
Injection blow moulding
The blow moulding machine important considerations
Screw and barrel design
Suction blow moulding process
Suction blow moulding process
Suction blow moulding process
Manifold/adapter design
Accumulator & continuous extrusion head design
Die/head tooling design
Divergent head tooling
Convergent head tooling
Parison cutters
Mould clamping force
Temperature control
Auxiliary equipment
Machine operating conditions
Quick reference
Barrel temperatures
Adapter, head and die temperatures
Summary of processing recommendations for blow moulding resins
Accumulator push-out pressures & speeds
Parison programming
Mould temperature
Start up procedures
Purging and shutdown
Secondary operations
Special conditions for injection blow moulding and pressblower (Ossberger) operation
Injection blow moulding conditions
Blow Moulding Conditions Ossberger SBE 50 Machine
Handling of blow moulding resins
Effects of moisture
Drying
Regrind
Bulk Storage
Mould design guidance
General
Blow up (draw) ratio
Mould shrinkage allowances and part dimensions
Pinch off designs
Other mould considerations
Double Dam Pinch off Design
Troubleshooting guide

INTERNAL COLLING FOR THE BLOW MOLDING INDUSTRY

Blow Molding Process
Mold Sweat
Internal Air Cooling Systems
The Blowing Tools and the Blow Valve blocks
The Blow Molding Booster
The blow Air Chiller

MULTIASPECT ANALYZES OF BLOW MOULDING PROCESS

Schematic division of the blow moulding process
Methodology
Determination of the Barus number
Measurements of the temperature distribution on the parison surface
Registration of the phenomena which occur during the blowing stage
Investigation results
Barus effect
Exampled of the results for Barus number for individual values of the extrusion nozzle gap G (mm
Temperature distribution on the parison surface
registration of the phenomenon which occurs during blowing process

PLASTIC BOTTOLE BLOW MOULDING

Background to the Industrial Energy
Efficiency Accelerator
Background to the plastic bottle blow moulding sector
What the sector manufactures
How the sector manufactures
Factors affecting business decisions
Customer demands
Flow diagram showing the main stages of the extrusion blow moulding process and the major energy demands
How energy is used in processing
Extrusion blow moulding
Flow diagram showing the main stages of the injection stretch blow moulding proces and the major energy demands
Factors affecting business decisions in the plastic bottle blow moulding sector
EBM Electricity consumption
A breakdown of electricity consumption for an extrusion blow moulding machine
Plastic Blow Moulding
Injection stretch blow moulding
A breakdown of electricity consumption during the blow stage of injection stretch blow moulding
Impact of bottle weight
Impact of speed of production
Equipment idling
Effect of different bottle weights on energy consumption for extrusion blow moulding processes
The relationship between extrusion rate and power consumption of extruder and heater
Power consumption (kW) of an EBM machine
Power consumption (kW) of an ISBM machine
Heat loss
Thermal image showing heat radiating from a motor
Operator practice
Energy management
Energy consumption of extrusion blow moulding machines for different bottle weights
Energy consumption of injection stretch blow moulding machines for different bottle weights
Energy consumption of extrusion blow moulding machines by rate of extrusion
Opportunities
Innovation in process control
Control of granulators (EBM)
Cost
Barriers
Production planning (ISBM)
Cost
Barriers
Innovative equipment
Induction barrel heating (EBM)
Cost
Heating the barrel using induction energy
Barriers
Barrel insulation (EMB)
Barriers
Infrared lamps (ISBM)
Barriers
Next steps
Work together
Install smart metering
Think strategically
Get support

PET BLOW MOULDING MACHINES

Detailed Description
First Preferred Embodiments of a two stage process
Side view of a prior art parison
Side view of a parison incorporating features usable with embodiments of the present method
Side view of a preform according to a further embodiment of the method
Side view of a container formed
Partial side sievational view of a blow moulded PET container formed from a preform usable with one embodiment of the method
The steps of formation of a parison usable with another embodiment of the method
Side view of a die in open position for manufacture of a preform
The die of in closed position
Top view of two stage injection, blow mould machine adapted to receive preforma and biaxially orient them into blow containers according to embodiments of the method
Side section view of a lifting lowering and rotating mechanism for handle covers for use
Side view of the die
Alternative side section view of the mechanism
First and second side section views of a preform adapted for loading into the machine
Side section, close up view of the machine of Fig 6.9 showing a preform with handle cover lowered over the handle portion thereof
Perspective view of the preform of Fig 6.13
Perspective view of a container blow
Top view of the mould
Bottom view of Fig 6.17 with both half moulds in opposed retationship
Further bottom view showing the preform in the position
Plan view of a half mould adapted for blowing preforms on the machine
Section view through the half mould
Side view of the container blown in the mould from
Side view of a preform incorporating an enlarged first nonexpanding region usable with embodiments of method
Detail side section view of the neck and top handle portion of the container
Section view through the mould
An alternative side view of preform of Fig 6.24
Side view of a container blown
Side view of yet a further alternative embodiment of a preform incorporating a lengthened or enlarged first non expanding zone and adapted for blowing on the machine
Perspective view of the preform of Fig 6.24
Side view of a container blown from the preform of Fig 6.29 on the machine of Fig 6.9
Perspective view of the container
Side section view of a container blown in the mould
Plan view of a half mould for blowing the preform
Plan view of the half mould
Detail side section view of the neck and top handle portion of the container
First perspective view of a container usable with embodiments of the method particularly adapted to resist high internal pressures
First side view of the container
Second side view of the container
second perspective view of the container
Plan view of container
Perspective view of the preform
Side view of a preform from which the container can be blown
Perspective view of a container with strap connected handle according to an embodiment of the method
Side view of a preform from which the container
Side section view of the resulting container blown from the preform of Fig 6.44
Side section view of a preform having a multiple integral connection handle according to an embodiment of the method
Side section view of an alternative embodiment of a container having a multiple integral connection handle
Side section view of a preform having a multiple integral connection handle according to a further embodiment of the method
Perspective view of the preform of Fig 6.48
Side section view of a preform having a multiple integral connection handle according to a further embodiment of the method
Perspective view of a container blow of a container blown from the preform
Top view of the container of Fig 6.50
Side view of a preform utilised as stock in a stretch blow moulding machine according to an embodiment of the method
Bottom view of the container of fig 6.50
Side view of a container produced from the stretch blow moulding machine according to a first embodiment of the method
Plan view of a stretch blow moulding machine according to a first embodiment of the method
Side view of the assembly of Fig 6.56 passing through a heating phase on machine
Side view of the preform of Fig 6.53 being loaded onto a transport mandrel having a nesting shield for transport through the machine of Fig 6.55
Side view of the assembly of Fig. 6.56 being aligned prior to entry into a die on machine of Fig 6.3
Side view of the assembly of Fig 6.56 in an initial position within a die on the machine
Perspective view of the shield of the assembly of Fig 6.56
Perspective view of a 16 cavity preform mould suitable for injection moulding preforms in a first stage of a modified two stage process
Side view of the assembly of Fig. 6.56 in a blow moulding position within the die of Fig 6.59
Perspective view of a preform produced by the mould
End view of the mould of fig 6.62 in substantially open position
Side view, partially cut away of the mould of Fig 6.62
End view of the mould of Fig 6.62 in substantially closed position
Partially cut away view of the mould of Fig 6.62
Partially cut away view of the mould of Fig 6.62 in substantially open condition
Schematic plan view of a stretch blow moulding machine of a two stage process
Detail of injector nozzles of the preform unit of Fig 6.62
An end view of the mould of Fig 6.62 showing a preform injection operation,
The injector nozzle arrangement of in a shut off condition
Perspective detail view of a preform handle orienting apparatus
Sectioned view of an oriented preform attached to a mandrel of the preheating stage transport system with the preform handle located in a heat shield.
Perspective view of an indexing table for transferring oriented preforms to the mandrels of preheating stage transport system
Enlarged sectioned side view of the preform and heat shield arrangement
Preferred arrangement of a bank of heater elements arranged for preheating a preform according to the present method
Orientation
Description
Detailed Description of Methods of Manufacture Incorporating Modified Two stage stretch blow moulding Machines
Container Resistant to Internal Pressures
Tag Connected Handle
Second Preferred Embodiments of Modified two stage process
First Preferred Embodiment of a Second Stage of a Two Stage Process
Handle Orientation
Transfer to Transport System and heating Stage
Heating Stage
Rotation Through Heat Conditioning
Blow Moulding

ROTATIONAL BLOW MOULDING PROCESS

The four main stages of the rotational moulding process
The Rotational Moulding Process
Clamping of mould
Top of mould is attached and clamped
Operator begins charging mould
Securing clamp
Arm with mould & Rotolog moving into oven
Powder pouring into mould
Overview of Rotational Blow Moulding
Arm begins to rotate as oven doors close
Mould in demoulding bay being rotated into a convenient orientation to assist demoulding
Lid removal using a crane
Tank mould in cooler
Removal of mould in insert holder
Final part removal from mould
Moulding ready for finishing operations
PVC protector for sports helmet
Polyurethane rotomoulded head
Special Nature of Rotational Blow Moulding
Stages during oven heating
Advantages of Rotational Blow moulding
Rotomoulded parts with & without bubbles
Decorative lamp shades
Disadvantages of Rotational Blow Moulding

MOULDS

Sheet metal mould for a vertical tank
Mould Materials
Sheet steel
Properties of common mould mateials
Cast aluminium mould
Aluminium
Electroformed Nickel
Electroplated nickel mould of mannequin head
Comparison Between Mould Materials
Mould Design
mould Frame
Moulded-in Inserts
Multiple moulds on frame
Moulded in Handles
Temporary inserts
Typical brass inserts
Moulded in handle
Movable Cores
Threads
Large mould with movable core to aid demoulding
Movable core detail
Mould Venting
Thread detail improved through mold in Graphic Systems@Surface Enhancer
Mould Surface Finish
Highly polished mould
Movable mould showing central vent
Mould Release
Mould Preparation for Release Agent
Reactive Systems
Disiloxanes
Conventional Systems
Permanent Systems
Black teflon coated mould
Hybrid Systems

ROTATIONAL BLOW MOULDING MACHINERY

Types of Rotational Blow Moulding Machines
Carousel Machines
Fixed arm turret machine
Independent arm carousel machine
Two station shuttle machine
Two station shuttle machine with cooler bay doors
Shuttle Machines
Clamshell Machines
Clamshell machine open
Clamshell machines in series
Clamshell mechine closed
Rock and Roll Machines
Other Types of Machines
Open flame rock and roll machine
Rocking oven machine
Rocking oven machines in series
Mould opened on direct electrical heating machine
Direct electrical heating machine
Slip rings
Leonardo automatic rotomoulding machine
Mould Swing
A typical drop arm
Typical straight arm
Mould swing diameters
Mould Speed
Speed Ratio
Recommended speed ratios for various mould shapes
Oven Air Flow Amplification
Example of a Venturi (air mover)
Cooling
The Venturi principle
Developments in Machine Control
Internal Air Temperature Measurement in Rotational Moulding
Typical temperature traces for a rotational moulding cycle
Bubble formation and removal in rotational moulding
The Rotolog process control system
Monitoring Pressure Inside a Mould
Pressure and temperature monitoring system on a rock and roll or rocking oven machine
Pressure and temperature monitoring system using gas line on moulding machine
Measurement of temperature and pressure in Rotating Mould

MATERIALS FOR ROTATIONAL BLOW MOULDING

Typical Characteristics of Rotationally Moulded Plastics
Material Used in Rotational Moulding
Polyethylene
Typical usage of plastics in North American rotational moulding industry
Rotomouldability of plastics
Property changes with increasing melt index
Density ranges of polyethylene
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Typical chain branching in LDPE
Low levels of chain branching typical of HDPE and MDPE
Branching typical of LLDPE
Medium Density Polyethylene (MDPE)
Linear Low Density Polyethylene
Property changes with increasing polyethylene density
Metallocene Polyethylene
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)
Ethylene Butyl Acrylate (EBA)
Polypropylene (PP)
Polyamides (Nylone)
EVA traffic bollard
Nylon 6
Nylon 11 and Nylon 12
Reaction Injection Moulding (RIM) Nylon
Amorphous Materials
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Fluoropolymers
Nylon roto lined pipe
Other Plastics
Additives Used in Rotational Moulding Materials
PVC exercise/fitness device
Rotomoulded polycarbonate part
Fillers
Plasticisers
Calcium carbonate filler
Lubricants
Stabilisers
Anti Oxidants
Ultraviolet Stabilisers
Flame Retardants
Crosslinking Agents
Foaming Agents
Polyurethane foam filled trolley
Drop box on mould
Pigments
Drop box on mould, open showing valve position
Foam PE door panel
Powders for Rotational Moulding-Grinding or Pulverising
Powder pigments
Stages in the grinding of powders for rotational moulding
Hopper containing granules
Granule feed system
Typical grinding mill for polyethylene
Vertical mill grinding head
Typical vertical mill grinding plates for plastic powders
Typical horizontal grinding plates for rotational moulding powders
Horizontal grinding head
Side view of cutting plates with different numbers of teeth
Grinding plate
Particle Size Distribution
ASTM E-11 US sieve sizes
Typical sieve shaker used for rotational moulding powders
Typical particle size distributions for polyethylene used in rotational moulding
Dry Flow
Equipment required for dry flow and bulk density analysis
Bulk density
Factors Affecting Powder Quality
Dry flow and bulk density apparatus
Variation of dry flow rate with bulk density for rotomoulding powders
Gap Size
Number of Mill Teeth
Grinding Temperature
Effect of grinding temperature on bulk density and dry flow rate
Effect of grinding temperature on particle shape
Micropelletising
Colouring of Plastics for Rotational Moulding
Types of Pigments
Typical tumble/dry blender
Typical high speed blender
Blender barrel
Blender blades
Compounding line
Types of pigment

QUALITY CONTROL IN ROTATIONAL BLOW MOULDING

Wall Thickness Distribution
Cross section showing greater thickness in corner of rotomoulded part
Typical wall thickness ranges for rotationally moulded plastics
Tank with shielding on lid
Shrinkage
Dial gauge and microscope attachment for determining shrinkage
Shrinkage Guidelines
Linear shrinkage values for rotationally moulded polymers
Control of Shrinkage
Effect of Release Point on Shrinkage
Effect of release temperature on shrinkage of rotationally moulded polyethylene with different typies of pigment
Other Factors Affecting Shrinkage
Release Temperature
Natural PE
Warpage
Typical warpage values for rotationally moulded plastics
Control of Warpage
Warpage as a function of cooling method and mould material
Warpage
Distance along moulding
Effect of internal cooling on the structure of a rotationally moulded plastic part

PLANT ECONOMICS OF BLOW MOULDED PLASTIC CONTAINERS

Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF HDPE, PVC and CPVC PIPES AND FITTINGS

Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF INJECTION AND BLOW MOULDED PLASTIC PRODUCTS

Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF INJECTION MOULDED PLASTIC AUTOPARTS

Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF INJECTION MOULDING OF CHAIRS

Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF INJECTION MOULDING UNIT

Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF PET BOTTLES RECYCLING PLANT

Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF PET INJECTION MOULDING USED MAINLY FOR MINERAL WATER PACKING (PET PREFORM)

Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF PET PREFORM AND PET JARS

Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF PLASTIC WATER STORAGE TANKS

Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF UPVC WINDOWS FROM UPVC PROFILES

Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

The post COMPLETE HAND BOOK OF BLOW MOULDING PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY WITH PROJECT PROFILES (Extrusion Blow Moulding, Stretch Blow Moulding, Injection Blow Moulding, Plastic Bottles Blow Moulding, PET Blow Moulding and Rotational Blow Moulding) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Complete Technology Book of Onion Cultivation, Processing, Flakes, Powder, Dehydration and Packaging Technology with Onion Waste

EIRI Team — Fri, 12 Sep 2014 12:35:08 +0000

The book covers Introduction, Onion Cultivation, Onion Dehydration, Process of Onion Dehydration, Effect of Process Parameters of Osmotic Dehydration of Summer Onion, Onion Flakes, Homemade Onion Flakes, Gamma Irradiation Improved the Quality of Onion Flakes, Onion Powder Technology, Uses for Onion Powder, Onion Seed Production Techniques, Process of Producing Large Dehydrated Onion Pieces, Process for Controlling the Pinking of Onions, Drying Technologies, Infrared Drying of Onion, Microwave Drying of Onion Slices, Process Optimisation of Vacuum Drying of Onion Slices, Process of Vacuum Treating Onions, Apparatus for Peeling Skins Off the bulbs of Onions, Magnetic Driven Onion Peeler, Flavoring Material Prepared from Onions, Pyruvate Enriched Onion Extract, Onion Extract for Treating Damaged Skin Tissue, Onions with High Storage Ability, Packaging of Onion Products, Onion Waste treatment, Plant Economics of Onion and Garlic Powder with Grape Dehydration (Raisins), Plant Economics of Onion Dehydration, Plant Economics of Onion, Garlics and Ginger Dehydration Plant, Plant Economic of Potato and Onion Flakes.

INTRODUCTION

Uses
Green Onion as Alternative Medicine
Topical Application of Green Onion for Sore Throat
For Swoilen Feet
Side Effects of Onion
Dosage
Toxicology
Health Benefits of Onion
Respiratory Disease
Tooth Disorders
Anemia
Heart Disease
Sexual Debility
Skin Disorders
Cholera
Urinary System Disorders
Bleeding Piles
Onion powder
Historical Uses
Medicinal properties and health effects
Raw Onions
Health & Nutrition Benefits of Eating Onions
Spanish Onions
Eye irritation
Propagation
Varieties
European Onions
Storage
Production trends
Showing Major Onion Producing Countries of the World Country

ONION CULTIVATION

Introduction
Cultivares
Types of onion cultivars (open pollinated cultivars are underlined)
Soils and climate
Planting systems
Sowing
Nutrient management
Water management
Weed control
Disease control
Purple blotch
Stemphylium leaf blight
Anthracnose
Downy mildew
Botrytis leaf blight
Bulb rots
Insect pest control
Harvesting
Curing
Storing
Marketing

ONION DEHYDRATION

Composition of onion
Proximate composition and energy values of raw and dehydrated onion
Medicinal value of onion
Dehydrated onion
Onion varieties suitable for dehydration
Dehydration practices for onion
Solar drying
Reported varietal studies for onion dehydration
Convective air drying
Chemical composition of onion, fresh and dried under various temperatures
Fluidized bed drying
Microwave and freeze drying
Infra red drying
Vacuum drying
Freeze drying
Osmotic dehydration

PROCESS OF ONION DEHYDRATION

Processing Steps
Ingle line onion dehydrator
Power production and energy requirements
The details of each stage of a typical process
Geothermal Applications
Onion Dehydration

EFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETERS OF OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION OF SUMMER ONION

Materials and Methods
Experimental procedure for osmotic dehydration
Measurement of total soluble solids
Osmosis of onion slices
Osmotic dehydration characteristics
Results and Discussion
Change in water loss of onion slice (7mm) with time in different sucrose solution
Change in water loss of onion slice (7mm) with time in different salt solution
Change in water loss of onion slices (7mm) within 24 hours time in different sucrose salt solution
Change in solid gain of onion slices (7mm) within 24 hours time in different sucrose salt solution
Influence of temperature on osmotic dehydration behavior
Effect of immersion time and osmotic solution concentration (60 brix salt) on behavior of summer onion slices at different temperature
Effect of immersion time and osmotic solution concentration (25’brix salt) on behavior of summer onion slices at different temperature
Effect of immersion time and osmotic concentration (55:15 brix sucrose salt) on behavior of summer onion slices at different temperature
Conclusions

ONION FLAKES

Reduced Cooking Procedure
Mash Formation
Emulsifier if desired, emulsifier can optionally be added to the mash as a processing aid
Other Optional Ingredients
Drying the Mash to Form Dehydrated Onion Products
Fabricated Chip Preparation
Dough Formulation
Optional Ingredients
Dough Preparation
Sheet
Frying
Fabricated Chip Characteristics
Vlatile Organic Flavor Compounds
Crispiness
Fabricated Chip Stability
Fabricated Chip Integrity
Soluble Amyopection (Ap)
Analytical Methods
Fat Content
Digestible Fat Content
Non digestible Fat Content
Moisture Content
Volatile Flavour Compounds
Firmness (Consistency) of Potato Mash by Back Extrusion Method
Flake Color
Hunter Color Determination
Objective
Soluble Amylose and Soluble Amylopectin
Initial Hardness and Fabricated Chip Integrity
Scope
Water Activity (Aw)
Fabricated Chip Thickness
Water Absorption Index (WAI)
Particle Size Distribution Test
Sheet Strength Test
Rheological Properties Using The Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA)

HOMEMADE ONION FLAKES

Ingredients
Onions
Directions: (basically the same as the garlic powder)

GAMMA IRRADIATION IMPROVED THE QUALITY OF ONION FLAKES

Materials and methods
Irradiation and Storage
Microbiological Analysis
Determinations of Water Activity, Water Content and Optical Index
Pungency
Statistical Analysis
Results and discussion
Microbial load of packaged onion flakes at retail
Effect of gamms irradiation on microbial load of imported onion flakes
Irradiation doses and water content (WC) of onion flakes
Irradiation doses and water activity (aw) of onion flakes
Irradiation doses and optical index of onion flakes
Pyruvic acid content in onion flakes as a function of irradiation dose

ONION POWDER TECHNOLOGY

Key Machines for our vacuum Dried Onion
Powder Making Production line
Stainless Steel Chain Hoister
Onion Washing Machine
Onin Picking Up Belt
Onion Peeling Machine
Working Principle
Onion Slicing Machine
Onion Original Smell Protetion Tank
Vacuum Freezing Drying Machine
Basic Structure
Technical Parameter
Drying Onion Grinding Machine (Capacity 80-160 Mesh)
Dry Onion Powder Vacuum Packing Machine
Onion Powder
Sterilization Machine

USES FOR ONION POWDER

Meat Rubs
Bloody Marry Drinks
Spice Mixes
Dressings

ONION SEED PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES

Environmental requirements for onion seed production
Cultivars
Temperature
Rainfall
Soils
Pollination
Methods of onion seed production
Bulb to seed method of onion seed production
Mother bulb production
Inappropriate broad leaved and appropriate dry grass for covering seed beds
Grass cover removed after emergence on raised beds
Preconditions and transpianting of seedlings
Seedling stage
Good qualities, disease free seedlings on raised beds and ready for transplant
Bed irrigation
Trimming
Furrow/irrigated beds before uprooting and lightly trimmed seedlings
Ridges preparation and field pre irrigation before transplanting
Field pre irrigation
Transplanting/spacing
Bombay red and Adama red
Fertilization
Crop Management After Transplanting
Irrigation
Weeding/Cultivation
Protection
Disease free and quality onion bulb productions
Mother Bulb Harvesting, Selection and Storage
Maturity
Bulb harvesting and curing
Cutting necks from bulb after curing
Appropriate cutting height of neck from bulb
Bulb selection and large bulb rejected
Bulbs rejected split, and whitish bulbs
Bulb selection
Bulb storage
True Seed Production
Quality and true to type bulbs selected and stored under good storage condition
Bulb planting time
Isolation
Land preparation
Planting/spacing
Fertilizer
Irrigation
Weeding
Pest control in onion
Pollination
Harvesting
Symptom of Purple blotch (Altermaria pom) on onion
Symptom of bulb rot (Sclerotium cepivorum) on onion
Quality onion seed production field, protected from diseases and insects
Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci and its damage symptom on onion leaves
Early damage symptom of downy mildew (Peronospors destructor) on onion
Flowering onion pollinated by honey bees during the noon time
Drying umbels
Seed extraction
A mature umbel ready for harvest
Drying of the seed umbels under shade
Seed drying
Mowing and winnowing of umbels
Soaking of seed with clean water
Seed Storage
Seed quality inspection and timings
Separating clean seeds from light seeds and chaffs
Seed stored in a sack
Seed standard for onion seed production (FAO quality declared seed standards)

PROCESS OF PRODUCING LARGE DEHYDRATED ONION PIECES

Vertical axial section of a raw, unpeeled onion as received from the grower
An onion heart that has been peeled, rooted, and topped, as for conventional slicing and, in expanded view, rings for French frying cut therefrom
A peeled onion and, in expanded view, random quarters cut therefrom and typical shells or pieces of onion layer formed from a quarter and
An enlarged scale, a single shell and the epidermis and flesh portions thereof

PROCESS FOR CONTROLLING THE PINKING OF ONIONS

Elevation view of a three stage onion dryer illustrating an apparatus for spraying the onion pieces with a basic solution before entering the dryer
Portion of the first stage of a dryer

DRYING TECHNOLOGIES

The onion model for Drying Technology
Onion model for drying technology
Dryer
Pinch analysis
Heat and mass transfer approach in pinch technique for drying
Production of animal feed before and after modifications according to results of pinch analysis

INFRARED DRYING OF ONION

MICROWAVE DRYING OF ONION SLICES

Material and Methods
Materials
Measurement of initial Moisture Content
Microwave Drying Characteristics Water loss
Mass reduction
Microwave drying of onion
Moisture Diffusivity
Quality evaluation
Colour measurement
Water activity
Rehydration ratio
Specific energy consumption
Results and Discussion
Microwave drying of onion slices
Moisture Diffusivity of onion slices
Effective moisture diffusivity of onion slices during microwave drying
Effect of process parameter on quality
Lightness of microwave dried onion slices
Water activity
Rehydrational characteristics of microwave dried onion slices
Water activity (aw) of microwave dried onion slices
Specific Energy Consumption
Specific energy consumption of Osmo microwave and microwave dried onion slices at different power levels
Conclusion
Notations Used

PROCESS OPTIMISATION OF VACUUM DRYING OF ONION SLICES

Material and Methods
Sample preperation
Experimental design and statistical analysis
Experimental design for vacuum drying of onion slice
Final moisture content
Colour in terms of nonenzymatic browning
Flavour in terms of thiosulphinate content
Rehydration ratio
Results and discussion
Experimental combination for vacuum drying of onion slices for factorial design
Anova for the model selected and the responses
Regression coefficients of the second order polynomials relating the responses with variables
Final moisture content
Colour development
Flavour content
Contour plots of moisture content for untreated dried onion slices
Rehydration ratio(RR)
Contour plots of colour change for untreated treated dried onion slices
Optimisation
Contour plots of flavour content for untreated treated dried onion slices
Conclusions
Contour plots of rehydration ratio for untreated treated dried onion slices

PROCESS OF VACUUM TREATING ONIONS

APPARATUS FOR PEELING SKINS OFF THE BULBS OF ONIONS

Pnion peeling apparatus for practicing the method
Embodiment of a freating chamber in which slitting and air blowing processes are done
Plan view of an embodiment of a slitter
Elevation of an air blowing device
Enlarged perspective view of the slitter line showing the detailed structure

MAGNETIC DRIVEN ONION PEELER

Product description
Characteristics in short
Economic impact
Innovation
Technology
Quality
Productivity
Sustainability
Capacity
Product requirements
Technical Data
Motor power needed total
Drive of cup chain and peeling wheel
Centrifugal ventilator
Voltage motors (standard)
Volume of air
Weight

FLAVORING MATERIAL PREPARED FROM ONIONS

Examples

PYRUVATE ENRICHED ONION EXTRACT

Schematic representation of one embodiment
Preparation of the Extract
Characterization of the Extract
Antioxidant Activity
Inhibition (%) of AbTS Radical Generation
Total reducing power
ORAC in terms of B Carotene retention
Bioactivity and Toxicity in Mice Hepatocytes
Cell assay data

ONION EXTRACT FOR TREATING DAMAGED SKIN TISSUE

Onion Extract
Fat (Oil) Phase
Emulsifiers
W/O Emulsifiers
O/W Emulsifiers
Additives
Additional Active Ingredients
Customary Additives
Medicinal Application Observations with Patients with a Very Wide Variety of Scars
Medicinal Application Observation for the Prevention and Treatment of Stretch Marks

ONIONS WITH HIGH STORAGE ABILITY

Plant Development
Plant Having Low Pungency and High SSC
Storage decay

PACKAGING OF ONION PRODUCTS

Onion Bags
Rigid Packages
Onion Pre-packs
Bulk Storage
Storage at Low Temperature
Recommended refrigerated storage conditions for onion bulb
Recommended refrigerated storage conditions for Spring (green) onion
Onion Storage at High-temperature
Direct Harvest Storage
Environmental regimes used during direct harvest storage system
CA Storage of Onions
Recommended controlled atmosphere composition for storage of onion bulbs
Recommended controlled atmosphere composition for storage of Spring (green) onions

ONION WASTE TREATMENT

Materials and methods
Feedstock
Seed Inoculum
Table 26.1 Onon Wastes Characterization
Table 28.2 Inoculum characterization
Methods
Experimental Studies
Results and discussion
Conclusions

PLANT ECONOMICS OF ONION AND GARLIC POWDER WITH GRAPE DEHYDRATION (RAISINS)

Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF ONION DEHYDRATION

Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF ONION, GARLICS AND GINGER DEHYDRATION PLANT

Plant & Machinery
For Onion Powder
for Garlic Powder
for Ginger Powder
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
for Onion Powder
for Garlic Powder
for Ginger Powder
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF POTATO AND ONION FLAKES

Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

The post Complete Technology Book of Onion Cultivation, Processing, Flakes, Powder, Dehydration and Packaging Technology with Onion Waste appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

IDENTIFICATION OF PLASTICS AND OTHER PLASTIC PROCESS INDUSTRIES (Polystyrene, Nylon, Thermoplastic Elastomer, Alkyd Resin, Polypropylene Plastics, Melamine Formaldehyde Resins, ABS, Plastic Blends, Polyvinylidene Chloride Plastics, Polymer, Pipes)

EIRI Team — Fri, 12 Sep 2014 12:13:48 +0000

IDENTIFICATION OF PLASTICS AND OTHER PLASTIC PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(Polystyrene, Nylon, Thermoplastic Elastomer, Alkyd Resin, Polypropylene Plastics,
Melamine Formaldehyde Resins, ABS, Plastic Blends, Polyvinylidene Chloride Plastics,
Polymer, Pipes)

IDENTIFICATION OF PLASTIC MATERIALS

Thermoplastics
ABS
Acetal
Acrylic
Cellulose Acetate
Cellulose Acetate Butyrate
Cellulose Propionate
fluorocarbons (FEP,CTFE, PTFE, PVF)
Nylons
Polycarbonate
Polyethylene
Polyphenylene Oxide (PPO)
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
Polysulfone
Polyurethane (Thermoplastic)
PVC
Thermoplastic Polyester
Thremosetting Plastics
Dialiyl Pthalate (DAP)
Epoxy
Metamine Formaldehyde
Phenol Formaldehyde
Polyesters
Silicones
Urea Formaldehyde

POLYSTYRENE MANUFACTURING

Bulk polymerization
Solution polymerization
Suspension polymerization
Emulsion polymerization
Properties
Copolymer of Styrene
Styrene Acrylonitrile Copolymer (SAN)
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene-copolymer (ABS copolymers)
Blending
Grafting
Properties
Uses

NYLON 6,6 TECHNOLOGY

Preparation of the Intermediates
Manufacture of Adipic Acid
Manufacture of Hexamethylene Diamine
From Butadiene
Industrial Manufacture of Nylon 6,6
Manufacturing Process
procedure
Fiber Properties
Nylon 6,10
Nylon 11
Nylon 7 Poly (wenanthamide)
Nylon 9; Poly (w-perlargon amide)
Nylonl2
Properties and applications

POLYESTER BASED THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER

Beginning
Types
Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomers
Chemistry of Preparation
Microphase Structure
Properties
Manufacturing Processing
Morphological behavior of copolyester TPE
Schematic representation of micro domains forming crystalline and amorphous zones in PBT/PTMO polymer
TEM images of PBT 45-1000(A), PBT35-1000(B), PBT40-1380(C), PBT 30-1380 (D) and PBT 20-1380 (E and F, PBTc C crystalline PBT) stained with Ru 04 vapour
Applications

ALKYD RESINS (POLYESTERS)

Properties of polymerizing polyesters
Typical end-users

POLYPROPYLENE PLASTICS

Introduction
Polyproplene resins:the Unique all purpose family
Self reinforced polypropylene (SRPP) composites
Polypropylene resins compete with engineering plastics and steel
Polypropylene competes with polyamide
Polypropylene competes with metal
Clear polypropylene compete with inherently transparent polymers
Natural fibre reinforced polypropylene
Lower densities leading to noticeable weight savings
Cheap natural fibres and cheap matrix for appealing cheap composites
Conclusion

MELAMINE FORMALDEHYDE RESINS

Processing of melamines
Typical end-uses
Moulding Applications
Alpha-cellulose filled melamine formaldehyde
Wood-flour filled melamine formaldehyde
Cotton fabric filled melamines
Asbestos filled melamines
Adhesives
Lamination
Textile Applications
Other characteristics
Typical end-uses

PLASTICS USED IN AUTOMOBILES

Vehicle Systems and Plastics
Interior Systems
Exterior Systems
Under the Bonnet Systems
Other Systems
Newer Applications
Technological Convergence
Technological Upgradation
Haptics
BSR
Fit & Finish
Grain & Texture
Decorative Finishes
Integration through Modules & Systems
Cockpit Module
Door Module
Alternate Materials
Polymer Nanocomposites
Fibre Composites
LGF
Thermochromic Material
Alternate processes
IP Technologies
Fabric Backed Trims
MuCell Process
MFT
Blow Moulding
Role of Adhesives
Interior Systems
Exterior Systems
Body Panels
Under the Bonnet
Other Systems
Soft Trims
Exterior lighting
Automotive Glazing
Sensors

ABS: ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE STYRENE COPOLYMERS

Typical Applications
Processing
Typical end uses

POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE

Manufacture of Polytetrafluoroethylene
Uses

PLASTICS BLEND AND ALLOYS

Beginning
Scenerio
Structure
What goes with What
The Technology
PC/ABS blends
Applications
PC/ABS blends
PC/PBT blends
PA blends

POLYVINYLIDENE CHLORIDE PLASTICS

Outstanding properties
Application
Effect of density on properties
Flame treatment
Chemical treatment
Electrostatic discharge treatment
Linear Low Density, Polyethylene LLDPE
Properties of LLDPE
Improved Stiffness
Excellent Puncture Resistance
Lessor Hexane Extractables
Insensitivity to Foreign Matter Inclusion
Blow Moulding
Usage

DEGRADATION OF POLYMER AND STABILISATION

Types of Degradation
Thermal Degradation
Oxidative Degradation
Solvolytic Degradation Hydrolysis
Other Types of Degradation
Degradation by Radiation
Mechanical Degradation
Ultrasonic Degradation

SUPERABSORBENT POLYMERS

Inception
Swelling RatioModulus of Elasticity
Manufacture
Processing of Polymers
Gel Size Reduction
Drying
Grinding and Sieving
Surface cross-linking
Application
disposable Infant Diapers
Adult Incontinence
Construction Materials
Food Packaging

CHEMICAL RECYCLING

Cryogenic Recycling of Bottles
Recycling of Synthetic Carpet Waste
Low-cost Recycle Sorting
Plastics into fuel oil
Recycled Engineering Elastomers

PP-R PIPES & FITTINGS FOR HOT AND COLD WATER SYSTEM

Introduction
appliance
Basic Advantage

THERMOPLASTIC RUBBER COMPOUND

Inception
Equipments used for compounding
Mixing is of two types
Raw materials and Sources
Manufacturing process with formulation
Some typical formulations of TPR compound
Characteristics of TPR compound

THERMOSETTING PLASTICS

Introduction
Kinds of Thermoset Plastics
Phenolic Resins
Phenols
Resols & novolaks
Resol
Novolaks
Acid & Base Catalysts
Basic Conditions
Functionality
Properties
Solubility
Manufacturing of Phenolic Resins
Process (Novolak)
Application of Phenolic Resins
Brakelinings
Grinding Wheels
Grinding Wheels (Abrasives)
Sand core bonding (Foundry)
Shellmoulds for metal castings
Wood waste boards
Impregnation
Adhesives (Plywood Glues)
Surface Coatings
Oil Varnishes
Lamp capping cement
Rubber Based Adhesives
Rubber Compounds
Tackifier
Aminoresins
Chemistry of Urea & Formaldehyde Formaldehyde
Methylol Urea
Dimethylol Urea
U.F. Resin
Melamine Formaldehyde Resin
Applications Moulding Materials
Process
Fillers
Curing Catalysts
Lubricants
Colourants
Manufacturing Process
Applications of Aminoplastic Mouldings
Other Industrial Applications
Laminates
Aminoresins for Laminating
The laminating Process
Decorative laminates
Industrial laminates
Adhesives
Manufacture
Hardners
Extenders
Melamine resin adhesives
Applications
Plywood manufacture
Particle Board & Fibre Boards
Binders for sand cores
Textile Finishing Process
Use of Wet Strength Paper
Coating Applications
The preparation of Butylated Amino resins

VINYL USED IN PIPES

Vinyl in pipe applications
This is the house that vinyl built
Versatility
Value
Durability
Solid Environmental Performance
Vinyl in medical applications
Clarity and transparency
Flexibility, durability and dependability
Sterlizability
Compatibility
Resistance to chemical stress cracking
Ease of processing
Recyclability
Low cost

WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE (WPC)

Synopsis
Wood-Thermoplastic composite -A New class of material
Technology status of WPCs
Manufacture & processing Constituents of Wood Composites
Resin
Wood as filler
Wood Flour
Application benefits
Additive
Properties of thermoplastic composites
Applications & Market
Current Scenario
Wood Filled PP Products
Wood filled PP for Door Trims
Conclusion

ACRYLIC BATH TUB AND SHOWER TRAY

Introduction
History of bathtubs and bathing
Claw foot tub
Claw foot tubs come in 5 major styles
Baby bathtub
Whirlpool tubs
Plant Economics of Acrylic Bath Tub and Shower Tray
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

ARTIFICIAL MARBLE (SYNTHETIC)

Introduction
Plant Economics of Artificial Marble (Synthetic
Plant & Machinery
List of Manufacturing Equipment
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

BIODEGRADABLE/COMPOSTABLE PLASTICS

Biodegradation
Materials
Effect of biodegradable plastics
Plant Economics of Biodegradable/Compostable Plastics
Plant & Machinery
Fixed capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn over/annum

DISPOSABLE SYRINGES AND NEEDLE PLANT (SINGLE USE SYRINGES, SINGLE USE NEEDLES & AS SYRINGES)

Rated Plant Capacity
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

HDPE, PVC, LLDPE Pipes/Tubes and Fittings

PVC Pipe Uses
Plant Economics of HDPE, PVC, LLDPE Pipes/Tubes and Fittings
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

NON-WOVEN INDUSTRY (CARRY BAGS, SURGICAL GOWN, FACE MASK, ROUND CAPS, SHOE COVER, GLOVES)

Introduction
Printed Nonwoven Punch bag
Nonwoven Tote Bag W/Zipper
Foldable Nonwoven Tote Bag
Specifications
Nonwoven Shopping Bag
Features of the Non Woven Shopping Bag
Specifications
Products Applications
Uses and Applications
Nonwoven fabric raw material
Shopping bag made of nonwoven fabric
Surgical gown
Stretchable and permeable non-woven protective gloves
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PET PREFORM AND PET JARS (20 LTRS CAPACITY)

Plant Economics of Pet Preform and Pet Jars (Cap 20 Ltrs)
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLASTIC MOULDED CHAIRS (P.P)

Plant Economics of Plastic Moulded Chairs (P.P.)
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLASTIC WASTE RECYCLEING UNIT

Introduction
Plant Economics of Plastic Waste Recycling Unit
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLASTIC WATER STORAGE TANKS

Plant Economics of Plastic Water Storage Tanks
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLASTICIZERS

Introduction
For Plastics
Ester plasticizers
For concrete
For gypsum wallboard production
Plasticizers for energetic materials
Plasticizer Markets
Plant Economics of Plasticizers
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PYROLYSIS PLANT FROM PLASTIC AND RUBBER

Plant Economics of Pyrolysis Plant from Plastic & Rubber
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

RIGID PVC FILM MANUFACTURE FOR PHARMACEUTICALS BLISTER PACKAGING

Plant Econnomics of Rigid PVC film Manufacture for Pharmaceuticals Blister Packaging
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

uPVC DOORS AND WINDOWS PROFILE

Plant Economics of UPVC doors and windows profiles
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE BOARD LINE

Introduction
Plant Economics of Wood Plastic Composite Board Line
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

The post IDENTIFICATION OF PLASTICS AND OTHER PLASTIC PROCESS INDUSTRIES (Polystyrene, Nylon, Thermoplastic Elastomer, Alkyd Resin, Polypropylene Plastics, Melamine Formaldehyde Resins, ABS, Plastic Blends, Polyvinylidene Chloride Plastics, Polymer, Pipes) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Complete Technology Book of Plastic Processing and Recycling of Plastics with Project Profiles

EIRI Team — Fri, 29 Aug 2014 12:36:57 +0000

COMPLETE TECHNOLOGY BOOK OF PLASTIC PROCESSING AND RECYCLING OF PLASTICS WITH PROJECT PROFILES

PLASTIC PROCESSING INDUSTRIES TECHNOLOGY

Beginning
Injection Moulding of Thermoplastics
Reaction Injection Moulding (RIM)
Injection Moulding of Thermosets
Extrusion
Extrusion of Thermoplastics
Extrusion of Thermosets
Blow Moulding
Extrusion Blow Moulding
Injection Blow Moulding
Coating Process
Extrusion Coating
Wire Covering
Dip coating
Fluidized Bed Coating
Other Coating Processes
Rotational Moulding
Thermoforming
Calendering
Casting
Compression moulding
Transfer Moulding
Processing Reinforced Plastics
Type of Reinforcement
Processing Methods
Reinforced Thermoplastics
Reinforced Thermosets
Dough Moulding Compound (DMC)
Sheet Moulding Compound (SMC)
Moulding Processes
Open Mould Process
Hand Lay up
Spray up
Filament Winding
Intermediate Process
Cold Press Moulding
Resin Injection
Pultrusion
Heated Mould Process
Pre-form Moulding
Sheet Moulding Compounds (SMC)
Dough Moulding Compounds (DMC)
Lamination of plastics
Fabrication and Decorating of Plastics
Introduction
Machining of Plastics
Assembly Methods
Adhesive Bounding
Welding of Plastics
Hot Gas Welding
Ultrasonic Welding
Friction Welding
High Frequency Welding
Hot Plate Welding
Induction Welding
Mechanical Joints
Decorating Plastics
Integral Colouring
In-mould Transfers
Post Moulding Techniques
Painting
Hot Stamping
Metallic Coatings
Electroplating
Vacuum Metallizing
Printing

NON-WOVEN PP FABRICS IN HYGIENE, HEALTHCARE, MEDICAL AND MEDICARE

The non-wovens industry
Today’s non wovens
Major production methods
How non wovens are made and used
Summary of processes
Web bonding
Fabric finishing
Coverting
End product converting
User acceptance of non wovens
Medical and surgical disposables protect healthcare workers and patients
Hygiene related products medical market
Advantages
Hygiene market
Applications
Advantages
Medical products
Medical products Type of non wovens
Medical usage in the USA
Medical products
Surgical and medical products
Surgical products
Continuous innovation in absorbent, hygiene products
Absorbent hygiene products
Personal care and hygiene products
Healthcare products
Wrap up

POLYETHYLENE GREENHOUSES

Plastics in Agribusiness
Polyethylene Greenhouse
Specific Benefits of Polyhouses
Benefits of Plastic Greenhouses
Types of Polyethylene Greenhouses
classification based on material
Green Houses & Large Tunnels
Benefits
Manufacturing Process
Distribution Pattern of PE Greenhouses
For achieving a higher market penetration of PE Greenhouses

NEW TRENDS IN PLASTICS PACKAGING

Introduction
Flexible packaging
Thrust areas
Breathable films
Multipurpose FFS machinery
Hayssen Snack food packaging systems
Aseptic packaging
Aseptic filling operation
Factors of importance
Aseptic transfer
Internal storage transport and handling
Bulk aseptic packaging Filter
Automatic filling
Multilayer barrier PET bottles
Blow moulded industrial packaging
Some new trends in blow moulding
Blow moulding foam technology (BFT)
Thin gauge form fill seal machines
Packaging for electrostatic discharge protection
Miscellaneous
Some typical speciality additives in polymers for packaging applications
Biodegradable plastics (films)
Recycling of tetrapack waste
Wrap-up

NYLON MONOFILAMENTS

Introduction
Product Description and Uses
Manufacturing Process
Plant and Machinery

PLASTIC BATTERIES

Two Plastic Batteries

PACKAGING OF EDIBLE OIL AND FAT

Composition off Edible Oil and Fat
Spoilage Factors
Distribution Pattern
Packaging Systems/Types of Pack
Critical Parameters
Package Types
Tinplate Containers
Glass Bottles
Semi Rigid Containers
HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) Containers
PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) Bottles
PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) Bottles
Other Semi-Rigid Packs
Flexible Plastic Pouches
Analysis of Needs and Shifts
Structures and Critical Polymers
Structures
Critical Polymers
Closer Look
Flexible Plastics as Economical Media
Flexible Plastics as Effective Solid Waste Reducing Media
Indian Standards for Packaging of Edible oil vanaspati and Ghee
Legislations

PVC HIGHLY FILLED TILES

Introduction
Product Description and Properties
uses and Application
Manufacturing Process

PLASTIC CORRUGATED PIPES

Introduction
Product Description and Properties
Uses and Applications
Manufacturing Process
Blow Moulding
Vacuum Forming
Raw Materials
Plant and Machinery

PVC HOUSE WITH BRAIDED REINFORCEMENT

Introduction
Product Description and Properties
Uses and Applications
Manufacturing Process
Plant and Machinery

RECYCLING OF PLASTICS (HDPE/PP/LDPE/LLDPE/ABS etc.)

Introduction
Collection of waste
Separation
Float Sink Separation
Froth Floatation Separation
Process of Plastic Wastes Recycling
Material Recycling of Homogeneous Plastics Wastes
Raw materials
Compatibilization of incompatible Polymers
Chemical Recyclng
Pyrolysis
Union Carbide Chemicals & Fuels
Tolyo Gas Co. High Grade Coke
Sekisui Chemical Co.Charcoal
Osaka University Gasoline

Osaka City Institute of Hygiene Combustible Gases
Chemical Decomposition of Plastic Wastes by Hydrolysis, Hydrocracking and Other Processes
Energy Recovery from Plastic Wastes
Incineration
Suitable Wastes for Incineration Treatment
Factors Affecting Incineration
Types of Hazardous Waste Incinerators
Products of Incineration
Air Pollution Control During Incineration
Sources of Chlorine and Dioxin Emission
Ash Contents
Landfill Gas and Flammability
Landfill Gas and the Greenhuse Effect
Asphyxiation Toxicity and Odour
Degradable Plastics
Factors Affecting Plastics Degradation
Plastic Modified for Degradation

PET PREFORM AND BOTTLE BLOWING

PET Container Applications
Popular Applications
Manufacturing Processes
Quality Requirements
Single Stage Process
Two Stage Process
Two Stage System Injection Moulding Machine
Machines to give
Dehumidification
Chillers
High pressure compressor
Blowing Station Fully Automatic machines
How are the physical properties of PET improved by stretching?
International trends
Indian Scene
Future Scene Expected
The Future is Big and Good
PET Resin Industry Structure

REVERSE PRINTED LDPE EXTRUSION COATING ON 2 SIDES OF HDPE WOVEN SACKS

Plastics for Entrepreneurs
Extrusion coating on woven sacks for entrepreneurs
Extrusion coating
Low density polyethylene resin
India Low Density Polyethylene Extrusion Coating in India
Polyethylene extrusion coating for entrepreneurs
Manufacturing process
Established end uses
Case study

REFRIGERATOR INNER DOORS AND LINERS

Introduction
Product Description and properties
Uses and Applications
Manufacturing Process
Raw Materials
Plant and Machienry
Project Cost

ROLL -O-MATIC BAG AND IN LINE PRINTING

Introduction
Product Description and Properties
Uses and Applications
Manufacturing process
Raw Materials
Plant and Machinery

PET RECYCLING

Virgin PET
PET Synthesis
Virgin PET thermal transitions and crystallisation
PET applications and processing
Extrusion
Extrusion moulding
Extrusion to produce foam
Injection moulding
Blow moulding
Recycled PET
Contamination
Acid producing contaminants
Water
Colouring contaiminants
Acetaldehyde
Other contaminants
POSTC PET conventional recycling processes
Chemical recycling
Mechanical recycling
Contaminants removal
Drying
Melt processing
Increasing recycled PET intrinsic viscosity
Reprocessing under vacuum
Stabilizers
Solid state polymerisation
Chain extension
Chain extension process
End groups effect
Cross linking reaction
Chain extenders
Chain extension process experimental variables
Chain extension process equipment
Reactive extrusion process
Single screw extruder
Twin screw extruder
Stability of reactive extrusion system
The effect of chain extension on PET crystallinity and thermal transitions
Thermal Transitions and Crystallinity
Multiple melting peaks phenomena
ISBM process
Preform moulding
Bottle stretch blow moulding
ISBM of RER-PET
Bottle physical properties
Orientation and conformation of molecules of PET bottle
Trans Gaucheconformational changes
Dichrostsm

SYNTHETIC PAPERS

Some Successful End uses
Features of synthetics (PP) paper
Finishing and fabrication of products using synthetic paper
Binding
Lamination
Folding
Perforation
Adhesives
Other end uses packaging
In mould labeling
Disposal of (PP) synthetic paper
In-Mould Labelling
Recyling
Environmentally Friendly
stationery Paper
Adhesives
A Wrap up

STRUCTURAL FOAM MOULDING

Introduction
Product Description and Properties
Uses and Applications
Manufacturing Process

TECHNOLOGY FOR MANUFACTURING ORIENTED PVC-O PIPES

Full Dry system
Quick Diameter Change
Higher Degree of Orientation
Heating Equipment
Internal Scket
Flexibility
Low Learning Curve
Conclusion
Benefits to instailer of Oriented PVC (PVC-O) Pipes
Benefits to user of Oriented PVC (PVC-O) Pipes

WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES

Thermoplastics Materials and Wood Filler
Processing
Applications for WPCa
Decking
Window and Door Profiles
Automotive Applications
Conclusion

PLANT ECONOMICS OF ACRYLIC BATH TUB AND SHOWER TRAY