Pectin is present not only in the primary cell walls but also in the middle lamella between plant cells where it helps to bind the cells together. The amount, structure and chemical composition of the pectin differs between plants, within a plant over time and in different parts of a single plant. During ripening, pectin is broken down by the enzymes pectinase and pectin esterase, resulting in the process where the fruit becomes softer. This is because the middle lamella which primarily consists of pectin breaks down and cells become separated from each other. A similar process of cell separation caused by pectin breakdown occurs in the abscission zone of the petioles of deciduous plants at the time of leaf fall2.

Pectin is thus also a natural part of human diet, but does not contribute significantly to nutrition. As the literature reports, the daily intake of pectin from fruit and vegetables can be estimated to be around 5 g (where the consumption of approximately 500 g fruit and vegetable per day is estimated)3. In human digestion, pectin goes through the small intestine more or less intact but is acted upon by microbial growth of large intestine. Pectin thus acts as a soluble dietary fibre1. Consumption of pectin has been shown to reduce blood cholesterol levels. The mechanism appears to be an increase of viscosity in the intestinal tract, leading to a reduced absorption of cholesterol from bile or food3. In the large intestine and colon, microorganisms degrade pectin and liberate shortchain fatty acids that have favorable influence on health (also known as
prebiotic effect).

INTRODUCTION
APPLICATIONS OF PECTIN
PECTIN IN FOOD APPLICATIONS
MARKET POSITION
DETAILED IMPORT DATA OF PECTIN
SUPPLIERS OF MANUFACTURER/SUPPLIERS OF PECTIN
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE FROM JUICE
PROCESS FLOW CHART
MANUFACTURING PROCESS FROM ORANGE PEEL
CONTINUOUS PROCESS
COMPLETE PLANT SUPPLIERS
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS

APPENDIX – A:

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

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Cellulose  fibril  constituting  plant  cell  wall  requires certain   other  materials  for  cementing  them  into   definite structural  form of plant organs. These cementing  materials  are soluble  polysaccharides,  e.g.,  hemicellulose  and  pectin  and polyphenolics  lignin. Pectin is extensively distributed  in  all plant  cells,  being  part  of  cell  wall  and  middle  lamella. Concentration  of  pectin in certain parts of a plant  is  higher compared  to other parts. Thus pectin is present in the peels  of citrus  fruits (lime, lemon, orange, grapefruit etc.)  and  apple pomace at such concentration (20-30%, on dry basis), which  makes its  commercial  production economically feasible.  Since  citrus fruits  and apples are extensively used for extraction of  juice, the waste material of fruit juice manufacturing industry, make  a suitable  starting  material for pectin extraction.  In  a  deve-loping country like India, where there is no large and orga-nisedfruit  juice  industry,  pectin sources  can  be  soybean  hulls, sunflower  bottoms  and  sugar  beet  waste.  Unlike  many  plant hydrocolloids, which are obtained from specially agricultured  or horticultured   plant  sources,  the  raw  material  for   pectin manufacture is an exclusive waste byproduct of other  industries. Thus the starting material for pectin manufacturing is  available at a throwaway pirce, yet there is a complete dependence for  its availability on another industry.

Project Report Covers:

•     Introduction
•     Uses and Applications
•     Properties
•     Market Survey with future aspects
•     Present Manufacturers
•     B.I.S. Specifications
•     Manufacturing Process with Formulae
•    Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
•     Capacity
•     Land & Building Requirements with Rates
•     List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
•     Raw Materials
•     Details/List and Costs
•     Power & Water Requirements
•     Labour/Staff Requirements
•     Utilities and Overheads
•     Total Capital Investment
•     Turnover
•     Cost of Production
•     Break Even Point
•     Profitability
•     Land Man Ratio
•     Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

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