Project report on PET Bottles - Technology Book - Feasibility Report - Market Survey - Industrial Report

PET BOTTLES RECYCLING PLANT

EIRI Team — Wed, 27 Jul 2016 07:58:43 +0000

Nowadays, PET bottles are the global number one in beverage packaging. More than 400 billion plastic bottles come on the market every year and PET is becoming increasingly valuable as a recyclable raw material used in the production of beverage bottles. Thus, it is important that all of the production steps applied for the manufacture of your PET bottles are made sustainable for the future.
The gentle treatment of resources and economical use of materials are a must when it comes to sustainable production. Valuable raw materials such as PET must be processed as efficiently as possible while still tapping into every way of saving costs. The PET manufacturing and production process allows for the application of a sustainable approach which can optimally combine environmental awareness and cost effectiveness: the bottle-to-bottle recycling concept.
Bottle-to-bottle recycling plant efficiently recycles used PET bottles - and the recyclate is then reused in the food and beverage industry as recycled PET (rPET). The complete process comprises the cleaning of the used PET bottles and the treatment of the recyclate so that the end product - which could come in the form of flakes, pellets or preforms - can meet the highest quality requirements after the recycling process. European and American certificates (e.g. FDA), and a number of different corporate approvals, all confirm the high quality of the recyclate for direct use in containers which come into direct contact with foodstuffs.
• Food-grade PET flakes and pellets
Recycling plant produces food-grade PET. With it, returned PET bottles can be reused to make new PET bottles. The use of recyclate has clear economic and ecological benefits.
• Flakes, pellets or preforms
The procedure gives you the freedom to decide which end product you wish to create. The decontamination step required for the material's later contact with foodstuffs is only ever performed with flakes. Afterwards, the flakes are either used directly or are made into pellets. Another extremely energy-efficient use for the decontaminated flakes is the direct feeding of the material into an extrusion process -

Worldwide, PET-bottles more and more replace glass bottles in the beverage and
food sector. The success of PET in comparison to glass is based on several economic (and environmental) advantages.

On the one hand, the production of PET is less expensive and energy consuming
than the production of glass. Secondly, the light weight of the PET-bottle makes it
easier for merchants and consumers to handle the bottles and crates. It saves energy during transport, particularly on long distance haulage. Finally, PET offers
more or less the same material properties as glass regarding hygiene, taste and gas impermeability.

The negative impacts of PET-bottles in recent years result from their use as nonreturnable beverage containers leading to a dramatic increase of beverage container waste. But even here, changes are on the move, particularly in industrialized countries, where PET-bottles enter more and more the existing returning and refilling schemes. Apart from returning and refilling, recycling of used PET-bottles is also possible, and will be an interesting option especially for developing countries, where refilling schemes are not in place or economically unfavourable.

INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF PET
PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
USES AND APPLICATION OF PET
RECYCLING OF PET BOTTLES
MARKET SURVEY
US RECYCLED PLASTIC DEMAND, 2006-16
INDIA’S PET RECYCLING MARKET TO OUTGROW BY 2019
OVERVIEW OF PLASTIC RECYCLING
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF PET GRANULES
ADVANCEMENT AND PRACTICES IN PET RECYCLING
POST CONSUMER PET WASTE SORTING PROCESSING FOR SALE
FURTHER TREATMENT
PROCESS OF PET RECYCLING UNIT
SEQUENCES OF OPERATION INVOLVED IN PET RECYCLING UNIT
MANUFACTURING PROCESS IN DETAILS
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
LOWERING THE COST OF PET RECYCLING THROUGH BETTER LABEL TECHNOLOGY
PLANT LAYOUT
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
ADDRESSES OF CONSULTANT
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACINERIES
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES (IMPORTED)
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIAL

APPENDIX – A :

1. COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2. LAND & BUILDING
3. PLANT AND MACHINERY
4. FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5. RAW MATERIAL
6. SALARY AND WAGES
7. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9. COST OF PRODUCTION
10. PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11. BREAK EVEN POINT
12. RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13. INTEREST CHART
14. DEPRECIATION CHART
15. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

The post PET BOTTLES RECYCLING PLANT appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Modern Technology Of Injection Moulding, Blow Moulding, Plastic Extrusion, Plastic Pipes, Pet Bottle & Others Plastics Industries

EIRI Team — Thu, 02 Jul 2015 13:13:25 +0000

The book Modern Technology of Injection Moulding, Blow Moulding, Plastic Extrusion, Plastic pipes, pet Bottle & others plastics industries covers Blow Moulding, Characteristics of HDPE and PP Polymers for Blow Moulding, Moulds for Blow Moulding, Plastic Extrusion, Fuels from Plastics Waste, FRP Silos, Tanks and Pipes by Centrifugal Casting , Injection Moulding fluid Assisted Injection Moulding Makes Hollow Parts Faster, Lighter, Italian Equipment for Plastics Recovery, Injection Moulding of Plastics, Mould and Machine Setting up, Operations and Controls in Injection Moulding, Industrial Method for the Manufacture of Low Density Polyethylene, Injection Moulded Goods, Jelly Filled Cables, Linear Low Density Polyethylene Drip Irrigation Pipes, Light Weighting Option PET Bottles, Blow Moulded Plastic Containers, HDPE, PVC & CPVC Pipes and Fittings, Pet Bottles used for Packaged Drinking Water, Edible Oils, Alcoholic Beverages (Country Liquor & IMFL) etc. (in Cap: 500 ml, 1 ltr, 2 ltrs, 5 ltrs), Plastic Injection Moulded Items (Like Buckets, Plastic Chairs, Bathing Tub), Plastic Injection Moulding, Blow Moulded and PET Bottles Products, Plastic Waste Recycling Unit.

BLOW MOULDING

Injection blow Moulding
Extrusion Blow Moulding
Intermittent Extrusion
Stretch Blow Moulding
Properties of the most common plastics bottle materials
Injection Moulded Parison
Extruded Parison
Extrusion Blow moulded Parison
Aseptic Blow Moulding
Multilayer Blow Moulding
Injection versus extrusion blow moulding
Blow Moulding Process
A typical extrusion blow moulding machinery
Quick mould change system blow moulding
Blow Mould
Injection blown vis a vis extrusion blow
Moulding
Injection blow moulding
Quick Change Plate
Blow Pin (s)
Article transfer
Punch
Die/Pin
Head
Characteristics of extrusion blow moulding of some common polymers
Major uses of composite bottles
Coextrusion which Plastics go best together
Extrusion blow moulding Design Concepts
Blow moulding
Perforator for drainage pipes
Reciprocating screw machine used in blow moulding
Die and mandrel assembly

CHARACTERISTICS OF HDPE AND PP POLYMERS FOR BLOW MOULDING

HDPE High Density Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Selection of Blow Moulding Material
Recommended temperature for cavities in blow moulds
Melt temperature and pressure for extrusion blow moulding of some polymers
Processing data for stretch blow moulding
Volume shrinkage of stretch blow moulded bottles
Average polymer swell for some polymers
Data on air blowing pressures
Operation and Control in Blow Moulding
Bottle Design Concepts
Basic design consideration in blow moulding
Bottle design concepts
Surface treatment of containers
Flame Treatment
Coatings
Fluorination
Sulphonation
Bar coading
Package Coding
Blow ratio
Shape of cavity opening
Some blow moulding process variants
Deep draw blow moulding
Flashless Blow Moulding (FBM)
Extrusion blow mould check list
Multilayer Blow Moulding
Industrial Blow Moulding Applications
Co-extrusion Blow Moulding
Advantages of Co-Extrusion of Large Parts
Multilayer Blow Moulding
Six Factors that can change container volume
Comparison
Intermittent Vs Continuous Co-extrusion
Why Multilayer containers
Multilayer film Major Applications
Commercial co-extrusion
Co-ex/multilayer injection moulding
Multi component moulding
Multicolour Moulding
Special Moulding
Multilayer plastics bottles
Main Function
Materials
Observation
Blow moulding some new technologies
3-Dimensional Blow Moulding
Coextrusion properties of materials
Applications/structures of multilayer bottles
Preferred Materials Combination
Rotary injection blow moulding
15% Long Glass Fiber
Foam Technology
Rotary Injection blow moulding
Extrusion blow mould check list

MOULDS FOR BLOW MOULDING

Bottle Design Concepts
Some General Design considerations
Bottle pack process
Industrial and Structural part Design
Extrusion Blow Moulds
Construction
Blow moulds
The Materials
Cooling
Pinch-offs
Venting
Injection Blow Moulding
Injection Blow Moulding Process
Injection blow moulding
Strtech blow moulding
Single stage per process
Injection stretch blow moulding
Coextrusion Blow Moulding
Pet stretch Injection blow moulding
Injection Stretch Blow Moulding Process
Types of Processes
Development of PP Containers
ISBM Machines for PP
Opportunities for PP Containers
Bottles and Containers Market
Compact preform shuttle system
Conclusion
Shuttle mould for increasing output of pet preforms

PLASTIC EXTRUSION

Single screw extruder
Extruder barrel and feed section
Barrel heat input and extraction mechanisms
Barrel temperature control system
Screw
Gearbox and thrust bearing
Drives
Venting
Types of Dies for Film Extrusion
Extrusion of plastic films
Introduction
Processing
Material of construction
Heating & Cooling systems
Breaker Plate & Screeens
Downstream Equipments
Different types of Film Processing techniques
Blown Film Extruder
Processing temperature profiles
Frost Line height (FLH)
Film Thickness Control
Thickness Variation Control
Stretch Extrusion Process

FUELS FROM PLASTICS WASTE

Introduction
Global Scenario
Plastic Waste
Environmental Impact
Plastic waste importers in Asia
Fuel/Energy Shortage
Alternative Waste Disposal Methods
Plastic waste to fuel
Conversion Process
Principles Involved
Calorie on a par with Coal and Oil
Laboratory Scale
The Process
Salient Features
Test Reports
Emission Report
End Uses
Liquid Hydrocarbon
Gas
Solid Hydrocarbon
Gas
Solidfuel
Benefits of the Technology

FRP SILOS, TANKS AND PIPES BY CENTRIFUGAL CASTING

Introduction
Product Description and properties
Uses and Applications
Silos for storage and processing
Performance Characteristics of Silos Made of Different Materials
Tanks for storage and transport
Pipes
Cylindrical bodies as constructional elements
Manufacturing Process
Raw Materials
Plant and Machinery

INJECTION MOULDING FLUID ASSISTED INJECTION MOULDING MAKES HOLLOW PARTS FASTER, LIGHTER

Gas assisted injection moulding
How does it work
The process sequence
Geometric catgories
Merits of gas assist injectio moulding process
Geometric categories of gas assisted injection molded products
Complex Parts with Localized heavy Sections
Rod shaped Parts
Large Cover Shaped Parts
Demerits of gas assisted injected molding
Gas assisted injection molded products
Application examples
Water assist injection molding
Melt/Gasfront velocity amount of polymer in front of the gasbubble
Gas bubble propagation wall thickness distribution
Short shot process
Push back process
Overflow process
Flow Process
Advantages of the WIT
Conclusion

ITALIAN EQUIPMENT FOR PLASTICS RECOVERY

Shredding and grinding of car bumpers
Two and three shafts
Profiles and offcuts

INJECTION MOULDING OF PLASTICS

The Material Hopper
The Barrel/Cylinder heating system
The Barrel/Cylinder and Screw
Adhesion
Abrasion
Corrosion
Delamination
The Screw Drive System
The Stationary Platen
The Mould
The Moving Platen and Tie Rods
The Clamping Unit
To close and open the mould
To eject the parts
To keep the mould closed during the injection cycle
Trouble free moulds
General check list for new moulds
Machine
Mould Design
General
Mould Analysis Software
Co-ordinate Measuring Machine
Benefit to Processors
Granulator Check List
Metal Separators
General Performance Data

MOULD AND MACHINE SETTING UP

Moulding Set up Time
Injection moulding cycle
A break up of most common moulding cycle
Check list for start up
Processing :Some initial consideration
Preliminary
Machine Requirement
Number of shots/Cycle
Time
Plasticizing Capacity/Rate
Clamp Tonnage
Mouldability features
part Removal
The Sprue
runner System
Cold Slug Well
Gate Location
Gate Size
Cores
Vents
Undercuts
Melt Rheology
Purging
The Injection Moulding Machine Operation
The injection moulding cycle
Sequence of events during an injection moulding cycle
Injection moulding cycle
Trace of two different injection moulding cycles in a pvt diagram
Holding pressure
Schematic of different runner system arrangements
Principal conditions in moulding
Schematic of different gating system
SMC production line
Setting up a moulding shop
Accessories for the Injection Unit
Measurable minimum requirement for injection moulding machines
Hygroscopic Plastics
Frequently Employed Clamping Systems for Injection Moulding Machine
Injection pressure required for various plastics
Common Gating Systems & Their Aplications
Recommendation for temperature settings along a vented barrel for various thermoplastics
Spherical radi and of dimensions of nozzles according to european standards

OPERATIONS AND CONTROLS IN INJECTION MOULDING

Effect of processing on mechanical properties
Injection moulding parameters for common plastics
Molecular Orientation
Residual Stresses
Melt Elasticity
Melt Fracture
Weld Lines
Accurate Dimensions
Cooling Rate
Weigh Feeding and Blending
Feeders
Shrinkage in direction of flow (a) and Transversely to it (b) with various types of gate
Weight Blenders
Interrelationship of part design, moulding conditions, polymer selection and mould design
Specific gravity and bulk factor of plastics materials
Controls
Thermal conductivity of materials
Water absorption of common plastics(%)
Process control Methods in injection moulding
Factors that Affect Reproductive behaviour of Injection moulding Machine
Minimum actual cooling time in seconds
Processing temperatures, mould temperatures, and shrinkage of most common plastics used in injection moulding
General
In line injection compression equipment
Mouldflow
What is Mouldflow
Measurable minimum requirements for injection moulding machines
Dry cycle times of injection Moulding machines a thumb rule
How Mouldflow can help Part Designers, Mould Maker & Processor
How Mouldflow can help Mould Designer
How Mouldflow can help a Processor
How to improve Quality & Productivity using Mouldflow
Injection pressure required for various plastics in general
Injection pressure ranges for modular system of injection units
Effect of processing parameters on part dimensions
Processing Limitations for various polymers guidelines
Recommended nozzles for plastics moulding machines
Percentage by weight of permissible moisture and the recommended drying temperatures of various plastics materials
Conventional injection moulding machine
Remplan’s line injection compression system
Injection moulding processing temperature range
Interrelationship of part with design, moulding conditions, polymer selection and mould design
Suggested wall thickness for common thermoplastic moulding materials
Hydraulic system noise suppression
Some suggestions for Noise Reduction
Composition of material(%) after being processed several times (number of throughputs and with different ratios of virgin-regrind)
Comparison of colouring methods
Wall thickness of moulded parts
Quality of moulded parts factory that affect
Injection moulding section
Estimating Cooling Time
Importance of cooling in injection moulding
Good Cooling vs. Bad Cooling
Why is Turbulent Flow important
How Cooling Affects the Cycle Time
How Wall Thickness Impacks Cooling Time
Cooling channel
Diameter and Placement
How Turbulent is Enough
Energy Consumption in Injection Moulding
Typical break up of energy in injection moulding cycle
Injection moulding control system
Mechanical Properties
Dimensional Accuracy
Surface Quality
Basic Methods for control
Temperature Controls
Injection moulding product to production
Starting a new unit/new job
Pressure Measurement
Disturbing Factor that affect smooth operation
Clamping
Injection
Microprocess controls in moulding
Standard Functions
Monitoring Functions
Control Functions
Injection moulding pressure conversion table
Injection moulding clamp force conversion table
Injection moulding shot weight conversion factors
Injection moulding shot volume conversion table

INDUSTRIAL METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE

Flow chart for the manufacture of LDPE
Mechanism
Properties
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Propagation
Termination
Uses

INJECTION MOULDED GOODS

Introduction
Product Description and Properties
ABS
Filled Polypropylene
Properties & Applicatin of Filled Polypropylene
Polypropylene Copolymer
Uses and Applications
Manufacturing Process

JELLY FILLED CABLES

Introduction
Product Description and Properties
Uses and Applications
Manufacturing Process

LINEAR LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE DRIP IRRIGATION PIPES

Need for Plasticulture
Plasticulture
Indian Trend-Drip Irrigation
Recurrent drought and scarce water resource has led to inefficient water use
Drip Irrigation
Advantages of Drip Irrigation Systems
Drip irrigation system includes the Main Line, Submain, Line, Laterals & Emitters/Drippers
Micro Irrigation
Benefits
Status in India
Objectives of Micro Irrigation System
Comparison between Conventional Irrigation v/c Micro Irrigation
Manufacturing Process
Advantages of using LLDPE
Business with Plasticulture
Polyethylene Pipes for Entrepreneurs
Conslusion

LIGHT WEIGHTING OPTION PET BOTTLES

Why light weighting of PET bottles
Savings delivered by light weighting PET bottles
Options for light weighting of PET bottles
Weight reduction from neck area
Closure manufacturer
CSD thread evolution
Conversion from PCO 1810 to PCO 1881 neck gives total savings of 1.9 gm per bottle
Why this change has not happened in Indan maket?
What is the next cost effective option
Mineral water thread evolution
Estimated savings with modified pco 1810
light weight neck (3,9 gm)
What is the optimum neck weight for mineral water application
Comparison of two necks
Light weighting of pre form by reduction of body weight
Light weighting of pre form by reduction of bottom part weight
Light weighting of PET bottle by reduction in closure weight

BLOW MOULDED PLASTIC CONTAINERS

Introduction
Process of Manufacture
Extrusion Blow Moulding
Storage of Bottles
Storage of empty containers
Transport of Containers
Plant Economics of Blow Moulded Plastic Containers
Plant & Machinery
Process Flow Diagram for Polyethene Bottles
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

HDPE, PVC & CPVC PIPES AND FITTINGS

Chemical Resistance
Strength
Internal Corrosion Resistance
External Corrosion Resistance
Freedom from Toxicity Odors, Tasters
Corrosion Free
Low Friction Loss
Low Thermal Conductivity
Easy installation and low installation cost
Maintenance free Standard Approved
Plant Economics of HDPE, PVC & CPVC Pipes and Fittings
Plant & Machinery
Process Flow Sheet for The Manufacture of PVC Pipes
Process Flow Diagram for CPVC Pipes
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PET BOTTLES USED FOR PACKAGED DRINKING WATER, EDIBLE OILS, ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES (COUNTRY LIQUOR & IMFL) ETC. (IN CAP: 500ML, 1 LTR, 2 LTRS, 5 LTRS)

Manufacturing Process of Pet Bottles ( By Single Stage Process)
Plant Economics of Pet Bottles in Cap: 500ML
Plant and Machinery
PET Preform (Assorted Sizes)
PET Bottles to Market
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLASTIC INJECTION MOULDED ITEMS (LIKE BUCKETS, PLASTIC CHAIRS, BATHING TUB)

Manufacturing Process
Plasticizing
Injection
After-Filling
Time Cycle
Process Flow Sheet
Plant Economics of Injection Moulded Plastic Components
Plant and Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLASTIC INJECTION MOULDING, BLOW MOULDED AND PET BOTTLES PRODUCTS

Manufacturing Process
Injection Moulding Process
Plasticizing
Injection
After Filling
Cooling and Mold Release
Time Cycle
Injection Moulding
Blow Moulding Process
Process of Manufacture
Extrusion Blow moulding
Storage of Containers
Storage of empty containers
Transport of Containers
Pet Bottles Manufacturing Process
Plant Economics of Plastic and Pet Bottles with caps
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLASTIC WASTE RECYCLING UNIT

Plant Economics
Plastic Granules from Waste
Basis
Manufacturing process flow sheet for Plasti Granules from Plastic Scrap
Land & Building
Plant & Machienry
Other Fixed Assets
Fixed Capital
Working Capital Requirement/Month
Raw Materials
Salary & Wages/Month
Utilities and Overheads
Total Working Capital/Month
Cost of Project
Total Capital Investment
Cost of Production/Annum
Turn Over/Annum
Break Even Point (.B.E.P.)
Resources for Finance

Engineers India Research Institute (EIRI) is a renowned name in the industrial world for offering technical and financial consultancy services.

EIRI services are:

Detailed Feasibility Reports
New Project Identification
Project Feasibility and Market Study
Identification of Lucrative Industrial Project Opportunities
Preparation of Project Profiles / Pre-Investment and Detailed Feasibility Studies,
Market Surveys / Studies, Market Survey Cum Detailed Techno-Economic Feasibility Reports
Project Reports in CD Roms
Identification of Plant /Process/Machinery and Equipment, Industrial General Guidance for setting up new industrial projects.

Our most up-to-date and Technologically Advanced Industrial Project Reports, categorized with respect to Financial Outlays and Sector – wise Classification are immensely useful for :

Existing Small or Medium Scale Industrialists facing competition from large houses

Young Entrepreneurs dreaming to start their own industrial enterprise

Young Graduates and Professionals wishing to begin their career

Industrialists interested in Debottlenecking their capacities & New Product – Lines

Large Industrial Houses pursuing Expansion, Growth and Diversification Plans

The post Modern Technology Of Injection Moulding, Blow Moulding, Plastic Extrusion, Plastic Pipes, Pet Bottle & Others Plastics Industries appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

PET BOTTLES FOR PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY ON SINGLE STAGE BLOW MOULDING MACHINE

EIRI Team — Mon, 21 Apr 2014 06:49:14 +0000

While PET bottle development was proceeding in the US, a large manufacturer of injection moulding machines in Japan, was leading a project to develop a machine to make biaxially oriented PP (polypropylene) containers. They recognized that the prototype machine could be used to produce the new PET bottles and, in December 1975, the One-stage ASB-150 injection stretch blow moulding machine for making the new biaxial oriented PET bottles was unveiled. All one-stage injection stretch blow moulding machines derived from this original Stretch Blow design are referred to as classic one-stage machines, as the concept has long since been extended into other PET developments. The classic one-stage machines design is extremely versatile in that the same
basic machine design can be used to make a wide variety of bottles and jars in all shapes and sizes, which was the standard single-stage machine in the early years, had eight cavities for 1.5 litre bottles.

PROJECT REPORT COVERS:

Introduction
Uses and Applications
Properties
Market Survey with future aspects
Present Manufacturers
B.I.S. Specifications
Manufacturing Process with Formulae
Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
Capacity
Land & Building Requirements with Rates
List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
Raw Materials
Details/List and Costs
Power & Water Requirements
Labour/Staff Requirements
Utilities and Overheads
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Cost of Production
Break Even Point
Profitability
Land Man Ratio
Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post PET BOTTLES FOR PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY ON SINGLE STAGE BLOW MOULDING MACHINE appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

PET PREFORM CUM PET BOTTLES

EIRI Team — Fri, 14 Mar 2014 08:14:56 +0000

What is PET Plastic?

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is linear thermoplastic, long-chain molecule consists of repeating units, white but bluish resin made from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol through poly-condensation. Plastic PET is very important raw material used in man-made fibers. PET is a kind of polyester material for fiber, injection molded parts, as well as blow-molded bottles and jars. Special grades are offered with the required properties for the different applications.

Project Reports Cover:

Introduction
Uses and Applications
Properties
Market Survey with future aspects
Present Manufacturers
B.I.S. Specifications
Manufacturing Process with Formulae
Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
Capacity
Land & Building Requirements with Rates
List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
Raw Materials
Details/List and Costs
Power & Water Requirements
Labour/Staff Requirements
Utilities and Overheads
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Cost of Production
Break Even Point
Profitability
Land Man Ratio
Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post PET PREFORM CUM PET BOTTLES appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

TECHNOLOGY OF PET BOTTLES, PREFORM AND PET RECYCLING

EIRI Team — Thu, 20 Feb 2014 06:07:55 +0000

TECHNOLOGY OF PET BOTTLES, PREFORM AND PET RECYCLING

Pet Plastic Packaging

Properties of Pet

PET Properties
PET Characteristics
Use of PET

Recycling of PET

Virgin PET
PET synthesis
Virgin PET thermal transitions
and crystallisation
PET applications and processing
Extrusion
Extrusion moulding
Extrusion to produce foam
Inject ion moulding
Blow moulding
Recycled PET
Contamination
Acid producing contaminants
Water
Colouring contaminants
Acetaldehyde
Other contaminants
POSTC-PET conventional
recycling processes
Chemical recycling
Mechanical recycling
Contaminants removal
Drying
Melt processing
Increasing recycled PET intrinsic viscosity
Reprocessing under vacuum
Stabilizers
Solid sidle polymerisation
Chain extension
Chain extension process
End groups effect
Cross-linking reaction
Chain extenders
Chain extension process
experimental variables
Chain extension process
equipment
Reactive extrusion process
Single-screw extruder
Twin-screw extruder
Stability of reactive extrusion
system
The effect of chain extension
on PET crystallinity and
thermal transitions
Thermal Transitions and
Crystallinity
Multiple melting peaks
phenomena
ISBM process
Preform moulding
Bottle stretch blow moulding
ISBM of RER-PET
Bottle physical properties
Orientation and conformation of molecules of PET bottle
Trans Gauche-Conformational Changes
Dichroism

ASEPTIC FILLING OF
PET BOTTLES

Concept

FLEXO INKS FOR THE
PRINTING OF NON-TREATED POLYESTER FILMS (PET)
ON CENTRAL IMPRESSION FLEXO PRESSES

Flexo printing of non-treated polyester films (PET)
Printing and lamination of PET
films

PRODUCTION AND FILLING PROCESS OF A PET-BOTTLE

Handling of empty PET Bottles
Tray Loader
Tray Loop
Pelletizer
Installation of a Tray Storage
Discharge at several
production lines
Separation of Blow moulder
and Filling Line
Application of commercially
available Plastic Trays as
means of Transportation
Summary

PET BOTTLE RECYCLING

PET PREFORM AND
BOTTLE BLOWING

PET Container Applications
Popular applications
Manufacturing Processes
Quality Requirements
Single Stage Process
Two Stage Process
Two Stage System
Injection Moulding Machine
Machines to give
Dehumidification
Chillers
High pressure compressor
How are the physical
properties of PET
improved by stretching?
International trends
Indian Scene
Future Scene Expected
The Future is Big and Good.
PET Resin Industry Structure

ADVANTAGES OF COEXTRUDED PET-FILMS IN FLEXIBLE
PACKAGING

Introduction
Properties of PET films
Advantages of three layer
co-ex PET films
Hostaphan RD
Hostaphan RHB
Hostaphan RHS
Hostaphan MPK
Summary

THERMOFORMING OF
APET SHEET

Introduction
Why A PET
Thermoforming
Preparation
Heating
Thermal Diffusivity
Thermoforming
Cooling
Removal From Mould
Cutting
Sealing
Productivity
Advantages Over PVC
Manufacture of Buster Paching
General Guidelines For Part
Design in APET
Recycling

PROJECT PROFILES

Pet Bottles from Pre-Form PET
Properties
Food Grade
Aesthetics
Strength
Weight
Airtight & Leak Proof
Space Utility
Chemical resistance
Environment Friendly
PET (Polyethylenetereph-
thalate)
Plant Economics of
Pet Bottles from
Pre-Form PET
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Working Capital
Requirement/Month
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment

PET Pre-Form PET Resin

Introduction
Injection Moulding machines
Blow Moulding
Uses
Properties
Manufacturing Process
Manufacturing Processes of PET Preform
Process Flow Sheet
Plant Economics
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Material
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PET Bottle from
Pre-Form (Capsules)

Plant Economics
PET Containers
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Working Capital
Requirement/Month
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PET Bottles/Containers from PET Grains

Manufacturing Process
Formulation for PET
Containers
HDPE, PVC and PET
Bottles
Coloured ‘Mellnar’ PET
Process Flow Sheet
(For Plastic (PET)
Containers
Plant Economics
PET Containers
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Working Capital
Requirement/Annum
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Annum
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

Project Profile on
PET Bottles

Introduction
Market
Raw Material
Manufacturing Process &
Technology
Investment
Means of Finance
Profitability Assumptions

Advanced Recycling

Introduction
Extrusion process
Mixing
Degassing
Flexibility
Specific examples
rPET
Low Bulk Density Scraps
Such as Agricultural
Films or Payarn

Class 0 aseptic filling
of pet bottles

Reprocessing of
PET bottles waste
Status today
Current scenario of PET usage
Recycled PET bottles waste-products thereof
MISC
Sub: PET bottles recycling
-some important points
Caution
Current scenario
Chemical recycling
(Bottle to Bottle)
Food safety evaluation of
recycled material
Chemical Recycling
Chemical Recycling
(Bottle to Bottle)
Methanolysis
AWRAP-UP

Polycarbonate (PC)
blends with recycled
polyethylene
terepthalate (R-PET)

Introduction
Results and Discussion
Mechanical Properties
Electrical Properties
Optical Properties
Physical Properties
Thermal Properties
Effect of Process Variable –
Injection pressure
Cost Reduction and
Applications

PET Recycling

The process
Virgin vs used PET
Use for reclaimed PET
Challenges involved
Expanding scope
Developing Indian market

PET Plastic Reclamation Processes

Sorting and Granulation
Cleaning
Material Separation
Drying and Filtering

Developing
new Opportunities

The shape of things to
come PET
Barrier solutions
Beer best before
Glass Ceiling
Increased PET production
Future factors
Emergence of PET Beer
Bottles
Improving Barrier Properties
and Shelf Life
Recent Developments in PET
Has Customer Perception
Changed?
Future of PET Beer Bottles

Coding Solutions for
PET Blow Molders

Commercial Director
Domino Laser, Inc.
PET Manufacturing Process
Product Types
Key Drivers
Coding Need Summary
PET Marking Solution
PET Solution – Blue Laser
Tubes
PET Solution – Through-beam photocell
PET Solution – Motion sensor
PET Installations Motion
sensor
PET Installations Adjustable
laser head stand
PET Solution – Anti-static
device
PET Solution – Fume
Extraction system
PET Marking Solution
PET Solution – The Domino
Difference

PET Barrier
Capabilities &
Design Flexibilities

Design flexibility

Auxiliary Equipments
in PET Processing

Drying-Chilling-Air Conditioning
Don’t Try Without Dry
Drying Systems
Why to Dry PET Before
Processing ?
(A) Oven Drying
(B) Hopper Dryer
Container – Reverse
Conical Flow
Dehumidified Air Dryer
Dehumidified Air Dryerworks
on dew-point principle
Key Components
Drying Agent
Heater
Air Shut-Off Valve
Switching Valve
Suction Container
[Exhaust Valve]
Return Line Air Cooler
Selection of Dryer /
Dehumidified Air
Dryer (DAD) and
Drying Bins
(A) Dryer / DAD
(B) Drying Container
Important Parameters to
achieve efficient drying.
Air Temperature
Air dew point
Air Flow
Chilling Plant / Mould Dehumidifier Cooling and Heating
Plays Important Role in
Plastics Processing Air
Cooled Chiller
Advantages
Disadvantages
Water Cooled Chiller
Advantages
Disadvantages
Precaution Requeued for
Air Cooled Unit
Application of Chiller in Injection Moulding Machines
Machine Cooling
Selection Criteria
Working Principle
Key Components
Compressor
Condenser
Water Pump
Water Tank
Microprocessor Based Control
Purpose
Requirement of Process

Masterbatches

Inorganic Pigments
Organic Pigments
Dyestuffs
The additives
Performance Additives
Processing Additives

PET Bottle
Manufacturing

Pellets
Preforms
Bottles
Caps

The post TECHNOLOGY OF PET BOTTLES, PREFORM AND PET RECYCLING appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

agro food processing and packaging technology book

EIRI Team — Sat, 15 Feb 2014 11:01:57 +0000

AGRO FOOD PROCESSING AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY

FOOD LAWS

Introduction
Food safety and standard act
The ABCD of FSSA
Salient features of FSSA
Responsibilities of the food business operator
Improvement notices
Offences and penalties
Licensing and registration
Nutrition labelling
Requirements
Content on label
Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) IS 15000)
Principles of HACCP
Features
Some salient points are
Benefits of HACCP
License process
Food safety management systems certification scheme (IS/ISO 22000)
Features
Benefits
Licence procedure
ISI Mark: Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, 1986)
Features
License procedure
Weight and Measure Act
Regulations
Package Commodity Act
Regulations

READY-TO-EAT SNACKS EXTRUSION TECHNOLOGY

Introduction
Materials and methods
Raw materials
Dehulling and milling
Formulations used
Extrusion conditions for lab scale extruder
Spicing of samples
Sensory evaluation
Physical characteristics
Proximate composition
Consumer acceptability of extruded snacks
Results
Sensory evaluation
Physical parameters of the extrudates
Proximate composition of the extrudates
Consumer evaluation of products

POTATO CHIPS

Introduction
Materials and methods
Procurement of raw material
Preparation of potato chips
Fat analysis
Sensory Evaluation
Statistical analysis
Results and discussion

READY TO EAT PROTEIN RICH FOOD BARS

Introduction
Formulation and preparation of protein rich food bars
Results
Organoleptic evaluation of protein rich rood bars
Proximate chemical composition, mineral content and IVPD of most acceptable protein in rich food bars

GRADING AND SORTING FOOD PRODUCTS USING COMPUTER

Introduction
Digital image processing
Fundamental steps in image processing
Image acquisition
Image preprocessing
Image segmentation
Image representation and descriptioner
Image recognition and interpretation
Elements of digital image processing system
Automatic grading and sorting of food products using computer vision systems
Bakery products
Fruits
Vegetables
Grains
Limitations of the system

IQF FREEZING AND APPLICATION

IQF Spiral Freezers
Applications
Benefits
Low operation cost
Impingement Polybelt Tunnel Freezer
Applications
Modular IQF fluidized tunnelfreezer
Multipass belt tunnel freezer
Applications
Tray IQF fluidized tunnel freezer
Applications
Drag-thru-dolly tunnel freezer
Application

FOOD CANNING

Plant site
Factory building
Water supply and drainage
Workers
Machinery and equipment
Canning method
Key processes
Sorting and grading
Washing
Peeling, coring and pitting
Hand peeling
Peeling, coring and pitting by machine
Peeling by heat
Lye peeling
Blanchng
Can filling
Syruping or brining
Lidding or clinching
Exhausting
Sealing
Processing/Manufacturing
Heat penetration in cans
Manufacturing processes
Non-acid Vegetables
Effect of altitude on processing time
Effect of altitude on processing pressure and temperature
Effect of acidity on sterilization
Effect of processing on strain in can
Cooling Testing
Labelling, storing and packing

FRUITS CANNING TECHNOLOGY

Canning of fruits
Apples
Storage
Washing
Grading
Peeling and coring
Blanching
Canning
Filling
Exhausting
Sterilizing
Cooling
Mangoes
Oranges
Papaya
Pineapple
Harvesting
The Ginaca machine
Trimming
Slicing
Grading and packing
Prevacuumizing
Syruping
Double seaming
Processing
Cooling
Crushed pineapple
By products
Peaches
Grading
Cutting and pitting
Cutting and pitting by hand
Cutting and pitting by machine
Peeling and washing of clingstone of peaches
Slicing
Cans
Filling
Syruping
Peeling and washing, freestone peaches
Steaming
Scalding in water
Combination of steam and lye
Sorting
Grading
Exhausting
Closing
Processing
Cooling
Storage
Pears
Grading
Peeling and coring
Grading and filling
Syrupping
Exhausting
Closing
Process
Cooling

PREPARATION OF FRUIT JUICES, SQUASHES & CORDIALS

Sherbet
Eqipment for fruit juices
Washing equipment
Sorting equipment
Extraction equipment
Halving and turning machines
Continuous screw expeller press
Plunger type press
Roller type press
Double operation
Basket press
Rack and cloth press
Straining or screening equipment
Setting or sedimentation
Filtration equipment
Deaerator and flash pasteurizer
Fruit beverages
Preparation and preservation
Selection and preparation of fruit
Juice extraction
Deaeration
Straining, filtration and clarification
Use of fining agents
Enzymes
Chemical finings
Clarification by freezing
Clarification by heating
Preservation of fruit juices
Pasteurization
Bottle methd or Holding pasteurization
Pasteurization by over flow method
Preparation of fruit beverages
Fruit beverages
Squashes and cordials
Orange squash
Extraction of Juice
Preparation of squash
Grapefruit squash
Lemon squash
Lime squash
Lime juice cordial
Jaman squash or syrup
Mango squash
Peach squash
Phalsa squash
Pineapple squash
Plum squash
Syrups

TECHNOLOGY OF VEGETABLES CANNING

Comparison offruits and vegetables
Okra
Filling and exhausting
Mushrooms
Sorting of washing
Blanching
Size-grading
Filling
Canning
Peas
Vining
Cleaning
Grading
Blanching
Grading and maturity
Brine
Fill of cans
Exhausting
Cooling
Cabbage
Pumpkin
Washing and preparation for canning
Pulping
Canning
Beans
Vining
Grading
Blanching
Filling
Exhaust
Cooling
Potatoes
Washing
Preheating
Peeling
Inspection and trimming
Size grading
Filling
Sealing and processing
Cooling
Carrots
Washing
Grading
Blanching
Peeling
Slicing of dicing
Canning

POULTRY PROCESSING

Slaughter and bleeding
Scalding
Defeathering
Evisceration
Chilling
Packaging
Nutritive value
Eggs and egg products
Nutritive value
Egg quality
Evaluation of egg quality
Egg grading
Egg processing
Egg freezing
Dried eggs
Egg substitutes
Other products
Leavening power
Binding and thickening
Emulsifying power
Tenderizing
Moisture refention
Flavour
Nutrition
Colour

AQUA FARM

Selection of region
Site selection
Soil
Water
Land
Other factors
Design of aqua farm
Design of earthen ponds
Size and depth
Earthen embankment
Type and shape
Inlet and outlets
Free board
Design of hatchery
Deterination of main parameters
Other facilities
Estimation in fish farm construction

PULSE PRODUCTION

Improved varieties
Ridge/raised bed planting
Bio-fertilizers
Foilar spray of urea
Sulphur application
Weed Management
Seed priming
Remunerative cropping systems
Integrated wilt management
Integrated management of helicoverpa
IIPR Mini Dal Mill

PRODUCTION PROCESS OF LARGE CARDAMOM

Growth requirements
The plant
Wild relatives
Varieties
Propagation
Inflorescence and pollination
Nutrient management
Disease management
Insect pest management
Flowering and harvest
The fruit
Production
Post-harvest processing
Benefit Cost analysis
Trade

RICE-FISH POULTRY FARMING

Field layout
Fish
Poultry
Productivity of the system
Economics
Employment generation
Water requirement
Nutritional status of soil

ORGANIZED DAIRY FARMS

Components of animal shelter
Foundation
Pillars
Walls
Loft
Roof
Feeding manager
Stall
Stanchion
Passages
Water provision
Night lighting
Manure pits
Calf stalls
White washing
Loafing yard
Other facilities
Surroundings
Dairy animal shelter models
Model for specialized large herd of 100 cows and 72 followers in hot and dry or hot and humid climatic zone

POLYHOUSE TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLES

Polyhouse
Polyhouse/greenhouse construction tips
Plastic low tunnels
Sil trench
Site selection
Raising off season nursery
Raising plant propagation material
Production of fresh vegetables
Vegetable seed production in polyhouse
Maintenance of germplasm
Production of breeder seeds
Hybrid (F1) seed production
Benefits of poly/green house in temperate regions

PRODUCTIVITY OF GOATS

Criteria for selection of good goats
Features of unproductive goats
Criteria for checking the general health of goats
Housing of goats
Advantages of artificial insemination in goats
Milk secretion is different in goats
Milking of goats
Machine milking of goats
Criteria for producing betterquality milk from goats
Quality testing of goat milk
Chevon production in goats
Comparison of goat meat with chicken and mutton
Steps for prevention of disease in goats
Difference between goats and sheep

CONTINUOUS PROCESSING OF RTD TEA AND COFFEE BEVERAGES

The integrated Extraction System (IES)
Concentration of tea and coffee extracts
High quality tea concentrates
High quality coffee concentrates

COLD CHAIN SUPPLY

Current state of Indian agricultural industry
The Indian food processing industry
The food supply chain
Food supply chain cluster
The cold chain
Supply chain expertise
Food packaging
Standards
Food safety and hygiene
Importance of freezing and cold chain in food production and distribution
Spoilage
Microbial Spoilage
Autolytic Spoilage (enzymatic)
Oxidative Spoilage
Refrigeration and freezing
Quality of frozen food vs. fresh

PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION OF FISH

Drying
Natural drying
Mechanical drying
Solar drying
Salting
Smoking
Fermenting
Boiling
Canning

UHT PLANT FOR MILK IN ASEPTIC POUCHES

Complete unit of UHT Plant
Economical
Principle of operation
UHT sterilizer
Automatic UHT plant
Balancing equipment
The process of sterilization
Cleaning
Homogenizer
Functional description
CIP system
Functional description
Coding unit
Film web controller
Pouch counter
Specifications for packaging material
Recommendations of the packaging film

PLANT ECONOMICS OF AQUACULTURE SHRIMP FARMING