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POWDER COATING

• Processing of Powders
• Compounding
• Grinding
• Coating processes
• Metals
• Textiles
• Miscellaneous Coating Techniques
• Principal Polymers for Powder Technology
• Uses for Powder Coated Articles
• Manufacturing Methods of Powder Coasting
• Dry Blend
• Melt Mix
• Solution
• Application Methods
• Fluidised Bed
• Electrostatic Spraying
• Friction Static Spraying
• Electrostatic Fluidised Bed
• Types of Powder Coatings
• Thermoplastic Types
• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
• Polyethylene
• Polypropylene
• Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)
• Nylon
• Thermoplastic polyester
• Thermosetting Types
• Epoxy
• Epoxy polyester hybrids
• Polyester/Polyurethane
• Glycidyl polyester
• Acrylics
• Application Line
• Economics

RESEARCH OVERVIEW OF UV-CURABLE POWDER COATINGS

• Monitoring The Photocuring Process
• Prospects for Acrylic powder coatings
• Block Thermoplastic powder coatings

UV CURABLE POWDER COATINGS

• Introduction
• Curing of Powder coatings by using  UV Light
• Radiation Curing
• Basic Difference Between Thermosetting and UV Curable Powder coatings
• Conventional Thermosetting powder coatings
• UV Curable powder coatings
• Ingredients of UV Curable Powder ATINGS
• Binder system
• Photoinitiators
• Pigments
• Light stabilisers
• UV absorbers (e.g. solid hydroxy phenyl-s triazine)
• HALS (Hindered amine light stabilisers)
• Combination of UV absorbers
• Processing and Application of UV Curable powder Coatings
• Processing
• Application
• UV Sources
• Standard mercury vapour lamps
• Lamps doped with gallium iodide
• Lamps dropped with iron iodide
• UV curing superior quarts laboratory system
• Conveyor belt
• Conveyor belt speed
• UV curing system for R & D unit
• UV powder printer surfacer
• Iportant properties
• Advantages of UV curable powder coatings over  conventional liquid UV curable coatings
• Advantages of UV curable powder coatings
• Limitations of UV curable powder coatings
• Market Scenario
• Appeal to the users

POLYESTER POWDER COATINGS

• Introduction
• Using bi-functional hardener
• Co-extrusion of resins
• Polyester Dead Matt
• Using reactive matting agent

DEVELOPMENTS IN RESINS FOR POWDER COATINGS

• Pipes and rebars
• Melting and curing time scale
• Role of particle shape and size
• Film thickness

CALCIUM CARBONATE EXTENDERS FOR POWDER COATING SYSTEMS

• Outline of the study
• Experimental
• Preparation and application
• Test procedures
• Results
• Optical properties
• Mechanical properties

THERMALFY CURABLE POWDER COATINGS

• Introduction
• Experimental
• Materials
• Methods
• Result and discussion
• Conclusion
• Paramagnetic Coatings
• Introduction
• What is paramagnetism?
• Relation to electron spins
• d and f electrons
• Curie’s law
• Examples of paramagnets
• Systems with minimal interactions
• Molecular materials with a (isolated) paramagnetic center
• Dilute systems
• Superparamagnetics
• Methods of production f iron-containing crystals(iron oxides) having  superparamagnetic properties
• Wet chemical synthesis can be subcategorized into
• Methods of application of paramagnetic coatings
• Spray method
• Fluidized Bed Chemical Vapur Coatings
• Applications
• Biomedical Engineering Device coatings
• In EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) Spectroscopy
• Use in pain relief compositions
• Automotive Oem Coatings
• Introduction
• Resistance to High humidity
• Resistance to continuous salt spray
• Corrosion Evaluation Using Electrochemical Techniques
• Natural Weathering by Sunlight
• QUV Resistance
• Corrosion Weathering Resistance
• Weatherometer
• Improvements required
• Intensity and Distribution of Light
• Water
• pH

WHERE ARE POWDER COATINGS USED?

• Powder Coatings – Multipurpose
• Their areas of application keep expanding

PAINT AND POWDER APPLICATION

• Improving transfer efficiency
• Reducing solvent losses
• Dipping
• Electrode Position/Autode Position Dipping
• Flow coating
• Barrelling
• Spraying Systems
• Higher Efficiency Spray Guns
• Conventional spray guns
• HVLP spray guns
• Air turbine systems
• Airless spray guns
• Air assisted airless spray guns
• Centrifugal spray guns
• Automatic centrifugal spray guns
• Disc spray guns
• Enhancement techniques
• Electrostatic systems
• Hot spraying
• Powder coating
• Corona electrostatic charging
• Tribo charging
• Combination charging
• Powder belt spray guns
• Fluidised  bed coating process
• Powder recovery and recycle system
• Good spray gun techniques
• Setting up
• Operation
• Minimising overspray

GUIDELINE FOR POWDER COATING

• Why Powder Coatings?
• Introduction
• Applications
• Home apliances
• Automotive Components
• Furniture
• Architectural
• Electrical and Electronic Industry
• Metal Pre-treatment
• Solvent Cleaning
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Vapour De-greasing
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Emulsion Cleaning
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Alkali Cleaning
• De-Rusting Process
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Chromatising
• Trouble Shooting Guide for Powder Coating
• Introduction

POWDER COATING PROCESS

• Overview of Powder Coating
• Drying and Curing

PLANT ECONOMICS OF POWDER COATING

• Land & Building
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF POWDER  PAINT FOR POWDER COATING

• Land & Building
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

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Resins (Water Borne) for Coatings

Epoxy Resins
Acrylic Resins
Alkyd Resins
Polyester Resins
Polyurethane Resins
Anionic
Cat ionic
Non-Ionic
Acetone process (Solution process)
Pre-polymer mixing process
Hot melt process (Solvent free method)
Ketamine or Ketazine
Self dispersing of solids
Blocked isocyanates
crosslinking with melamine formaldehyde resins
Zirconium compounds

High Solids Green Coatings (Air Drying)

Introduction
Experimental
Materials
Synthesis of Resins
Preparation of dry films
Characterization methods
Results & Discussion
Physical Properties
Rheological Characteristics
Molecular Weight Characteristics
VOC characteristics
Drying properties
FT- IR Study
Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) study
Thermal properties
Mechanical properties
Optical properties
Atomic Force Microscopic (AFM) imaging
Chemical resistance and Durability
Conclusions

Technology of Primer Compositions (Alkyd Resins)

Introduction
Experimental
Synthesis of alkyd resin
Synthesis of alkyd emulsion
Stability of emulsion10
Synthesis of wood primers and cement primers
Results and discussions

Acrylic Polyols Technology

Introduction
Basic chemistry
Synthesis of acrylic polyols
Properties of acrylic polyols
Applications of acrylic polyols
Synthesis of acrylic-polyurethane hybrid coatings
Modified acrylic polyols
Dual UV/thermal cure systems
Bio-acrylic polyols
OEM coatings based on Acrylic Polyols
Wood coatings
Industrial Coatings
Two component polyurethane coatings
Automotive refinishing coating
Biodegradable Surface Coatings

Introduction
Biodegradable coatings
Necessity of biodegradation
Life cycle of biodegradable coating
Classification of biodegradable coatings
Natural biodegradable coatings
Synthetic biodegradable coatings
Synthesis of biodegradable coatings Oils
Lallemantia Iberica
Eurphorbia Legascae (Vernonia oil)
Lesquerella oil
Oiticica oil
Sucrose and insulin
Lignin
Cellulose
Starch
Isocyanates
Additives
Plasticizer
Rheology modifier
Biosurfactants
Polyhydroxyalkalonoates
Polyesteramides
Interpenetrating polymers from oils
Polysaccharide resins
Natural resins
Application of biodegradable coatings
Future of biodegradable coatings

Binders for Premium Paints

Introduction
Why low odor?
Experimental
Testing of premium interior brands in India
Formulating low VOC low odor paint
Results and Discussions: Odor and VOC
Paint Properties
Scrub Resistance
Stain Resistance
Burnish resistance
MTO Resistance
Conclusion

Cyclized Rubber in Surface Coatings

Structure
Properties
Typical properties
Physical data
Technical benefits of cyclized rubber
Solvents and compatibility
Compatibility
Compatibility with drying oils
Compatibility with resins
Compatibility with plasticizers
Specific gravity
Solubility and solvent mixtures
Chemical resistance
Water resistance
Corrosion resistance
Adhesion
Flexibility and impact resistance
Paint application
Application Areas

Coatings for Medical Application

Introduction
Medical coating characteristics
Medical coating classification
Application Methods
Polymers for medical application
Polyglycolide (PGA)
Polylactide (PLA)
Poly (E-caprolactone)
Poly(dioxanone) (a polyetherester)
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
Poly(glyconate)
Parylene
Degradation
Factors That Accelerate Polymer Degradation
Specialised medical coatings
Drug-Eluting Stents
Application of stent coating
DES Basics
Tablet Coatings
Pigments
Polishing
Conclusion

Dacro Coating

Dacro Structure
Dacro Process
Dacro Advantage
Dacro Analysis
Dacro Scope
Dacro Coating in India

Epoxy Resin

Introduction
Structure
Epoxy resin coating
Hybridisation
The method of curing
Modification of resin
Mixture of resins
Blending
Alloying
Inter Penetrating Networks
Sol-Gel method
Emulsion polymerization & Dispersion polymerization
Curing of hybrid epoxy polymers
Characterization of hybrid resins
Hybrid polymers of epoxy resin used in coating application
Epoxy esters
Epoxy acrylics
Epoxy silicones
Epoxy urethanes
Conclusion and future directions

Extraction, Modification and Applications of CNSL/Cardanol Based Epoxy Resin

Introduction
Extraction of CNSL
Studies on the cardanol based novolac resins
Studies on the epoxidized novolac resins derived from CNSL or cardanol
Studies on the modification of CNSL or cardanol
Applications of CNSI7 Cardanol derived products

Elastomeric poly urea coatings

Introduction
Chemistry
Raw materials
Application of polyurea coatings
Typical properties of polyurea coatings
Application areas of olyurea coatings
Advantages of polyurea systems
Disadvantages of polyurea systems

Formulation of 2K Waterborne Concrete Floor Coatings

Introduction
Experimental
Materials and Formulations
Preparation of Drawdowns & Concrete Panels
Performance Testing
Gloss Measurement
Adhesion testing
Chemical resistance testing
Hot Tire resistance testing
Results & Discussions
Comparing liquid epoxy resins Epoxy X with Epoxy W
Pot-life evaluation based on gloss and adhesion
Chemical and solvent resistance testing
Hot Tire resistance

Green Coating

Need for green
What is green?
Rules and regulations
VOC Definition in the US, EU & UK
United States Definition
European Union definition
UK Coating Classification
Regulationsforlead in India
Regulations for lead in Europe
Regulationsfor lead in Australia
Regulationsforlead in US
Pollution from paints
Solvents
Pigments
Additives
Environmental impacts and risks
Research and developments in order to get greener coatings
Low voc emulsion polymer coating
Low volatile ethylene glycol derivatives
Fluorosurfactant
Green solvent
Emerging technologies
Advantages of VIC
Ecofriendly waste disposal technique
It’s not easy being green

Herbal Coating

Introductions
Turmeric in Herbal Paints
Chemistry of turmeric
Oleic acid
Experimental
Materials and Methods
Method of Extraction
Evaluation of Turmeric resin extract
Analysis of oleic Acid modified Turmeric Resin
Results and discussion
Analysis of Raw Material
Extraction of resin from turmeric
Analysis of turmeric Resin
Evaluation of the Film properties of Turmeric Resin
Modification of the termeric Resin with Oleic acid
Physical Properties
Film Properties
Composition
From the results

High Temperature Coatings Technology

Introduction
Experimental
Composition of titanium oleate
Preparation of titanium oleate
Evaluation of titanium oleate
Composition and evaluation of aluminium paint
Heat resistance of aluminium paint
Determination of weight loss at different temperatures
Results and discussion

Infrared Spectroscopy : Its Relevance in the Field of Surface Coating

Introduction
Sampling
Amount
Preparation
Analysis time
Epoxy
Alkyd

Marine Paints & Coatings

Introduction
Key Performance requirements
Experimental
Material used
Evaluation of film characteristic
Testing method and evaluation
Pot life
Drying time
Cross Hatch Adhesion Testing
Gloss Value
Erichsen Cupping Test
Research significance
Experimental investigation
Result Analysis and Discussion

Magnetic Paint

Introduction
Preparation of Magnetic paint
Ingredients to be used for formulation
Application Technology
Primer Layer
Back Coat Layer
Coating composition having magnetic properties
Areas of application
Application tips and suggested uses
Painting on textured walls
Mounting posters magnetically
Wall Decorations
Magnetic words and poetry

Nanotechnoloogy

Introduction to Nanotechnology
What is nanotechnology?
Nanoscience Vs Nanotechnology
Dimensional classification of nanoscale
Nanoscale in One Dimension
Nanoscale in Two Dimensions
Carbon Nanotubes
Inorganic Nanotubes
Nanowires
Biopolymers
Nanoscale in Three Dimensions
Nanoparticles
Fullerenes (carbon 60)
Dendrimers
Quantum Dots
Technology
Synthesis and Assembly of Nanomaterials
UV- curable coatings
Anti-abrasion and anti-scratch coatings
Anti-corrosion coatings
Self-healing nanotechnology antic orrosion coatings as alternative to toxic chromium
Super-hydrophobic coatings
Barrier coatings
Oxylink Technology
Matte coatings
Self cleaning technology
Making use of hydrophobic and oil repellent property of nanoparticles
Nanoparticles in high performance coating
Anti-fouling coating
Nanotechnology roof coating
The risk factor
Health Issues
Environmental issues
Future of nanotechnology

PU Coatings

Introduction
Experimental
Materials
Preparation of polyol
Characteristics of epoxy polyol (EP)
Characteristics of HDI
Chemical compositions
Results and discussion
FT IR Spectral analysis
FT IR spectra of epoxy polyol
FT IR Spectra for polymer
FT IR Spectra for polymer-H

Photo Luminescent Paints

Introduction
Mechanism of action
Effect of temperature on the afterglow
Manufacturing of the pigment
With Polyurethane Resins
With Epoxy Resins
Applications
Comparison between fluorescent and photo luminescent paints and alternative energy sources

Polyaspartics

Introduction
What are Polyaspartic Esters?
Chemistry
Reaction of aspartic acid ester with isocyanate
Polyurethane/Polyurea/Polyaspartks What’s the Difference?
Reactivity
Applications
Limitation

Phenolic Resins

Introduction
Experimental
Materials
Synthesis of phenol-cardanolformaldehyde novolac type phenolic resins
Epoxidation of phenol-cardanolformaldehyde novolac type phenolic resin
Characterization
Fourier-transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis
‘H-NMR
spectroscopic analysis
Gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) technique
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
Results and Discussion
Synthesis of phenol-cardanolformaldehyde novolac type phenolic resins
FT-IR spectroscopic analysis
1H-NMR spectroscopic analysis
Epoxidation of novolac prepolymer
Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) analysis

Paints based on Agricultural Materials

Introduction
Soybean
Soybean oil-based waterborne polyurethane system
Soybean oil-based polyols
Soybean oil-based wetting and dispersing agents
Lignin
Lignin based paints
Corn
Corn based paints
Xanthum Gum
Starch
Sugar based polymers
Solvents
Monomers
Coalescents

Polyester Powder Coatings

Introduction
Using bi-functional hardener
Co-extrusion of resins
Polyester Dead Matt
Using reactive matting agent

Paint Coating on Galvanized Steel in Coil Coating line

Introduction
Preparing of substrate for paint coating
Alkaline solution cleaning
Conversion coatings
Test conducted to study the performance of the coated product
Impact test
Bending adhesion test
Flexibility test
Hardness test (Pencil test)
Chemical resistance test
Salt spray test
Heat resistance test
MEK (Methyl ethyl ketone) test
Coating characteristics
Factors affecting the performance of paint coating
Effect of tensions at various sections
Effect of alkali and conversion coating bath concentration
Bending adhesion test
Salt spray test
Hydrogen Evolution (Crater)
Effect of peak metal temperature in primer oven and top coat oven
Bending adhesion test
Hardness test
Impact test
MEK (Methyl ethyl ketone) test
Uses of coatings
Conclusions

Photocatalytic Coatings

Introduction
Materials
Titanium dioxide
Silicone resin
Experimental
Methylene blue test
Cigarette smoke test
Outdoor-exposure
Results
Comparison of titanium dioxide
Binder
Interior paints
Exterior paints
Conclusion

Ketonic Resins

Introduction
Aim of the present investigation
Experimental
Composition of ketonic resin
Preparation of ketonic resin
Evaluation
Effect of heat on softening point
Effect of plasticization on film properties
Effect of stoving on film properties
Results and discussion

Radiation Cure Coatings

Introduction
Curing mechanism
Raw materials for radiation cure coatings
Oligomers
Epoxy acrylates
Urethane acrylate
Polyester acrylates
Polyether acrylates
Amine modified polyether acrylates
Acrylic acrylates
Miscellaneous oligomers
Monomers
Photo initiators
Additives
Pigments
Cation curing
Powder coatings
Application areas of radiation cure coatings
Advantages and disadvantages of radiation cure coatings
Advantages
Disadvantages

Self-Healing – Coatings

Introduction
Approaches
Liquid phase healing agent
Microcapsulation
Phase separated healing agent
Hollow tubes or fibers
Three-dimensional micro vascular network
Solvent- promoted self-healing
Nanoparticles segregation
Solid phase (Heat activated)
Thermally rcmendable
Thermoplastic/thermoset blend
Cyclic oligomers
Projectile puncture
Other approaches
Quantifying healing effectiveness
Potential Application of Self healing

Stealth Coatings for Aircraft and ships

Detection techniques for an aircraft
Measuring stealth
Importance of Coatings in Stealth Technology
Additional expectations from Stealth coatings
Types of Coatings used in Stealth Technology
A. Iron Ball Paint
Carbonyl Iron
Silver-coated Cenosphere
Typical Physical Parameters of Cenospheres
Ferro fluids and non-magnetic substances
Strontium 90
Neoprene
Coatings based on Gold and Indium
Radar stealth countermeasures and limitations
Low frequency radar
IR Stealth
Stealth Coatings in Drugs
Stealth Coatings in Foods
Probable Abuses of Stealth Coatings
Futuristic Coatings
Combined Infrared and Radar Stealth

Sol Gel Coatings

Introduction
Types of Solgels
Coating process and coating equipments
Spin coating
Dip coating
Roll /gravure coating
Typical examples of uses of Sol gel coatings
Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sensors
Sampling of benzene and toluene
Carbon dioxide sensor
Sol gel & nano technology
Photonic solutions and sol gel
Sol gel integrated optics
Optical Gain materials
Non linear materials
Elastomeric reinforcement strategies
Topochemistry of wood -inorganic composites

Vacuum Metallizing Coating on Plastic Automotive Components

Introduction
Vacuum Metallizing Coating on plastic components
Requirement of substrate material
Pretreatment of substrate surface
Post-Treatment
Equipment

Plastic Packaging for Paints

Introduction
Basic requirements for paint packaging
Conventional packing materials
Advantages and disadvantages of conventional packing materials
Selection of the packing materials
New generation packing materials
Water soluble plastics for packaging of water based paints
Introduction
Application for the paint Industry
Properties of water soluble plastics
Water Solubility
Sealing properties
Oil and chemical resistance
Strength and weathering resistance
Biodegradable properties
Moisture content
Static electricity/surface resistivity
Moisture permeability and Gas resistance
Advantages of water soluble plastics
Disadvantages of water soluble plastics
Different types of packaging
Polymer coated steel
Introduction
Polymer coated steel and its performance with solvents (Table 1)
Application and benefits of polymer coated steel (Table 2)
Advantages of polymer coated steel

Silicone Resin Paints

Introduction
Silicons Resin Emulsion Paints
SREP Technology
Silicone Resin Chemistry
A functional network is created in the construction material
SREP Properties
Functional facade protection retains a building’s value
Excellent protection against wetness
Dry facades prevent algae
Facades that can breathe
Long-lasting facade protection saves renovation costs
Weathering resistance
Facades keep their color
A permanently attractive facade
Simple & Fast Processing
Easy to over paint
Fast and efficient
Solvent free & ecologically more sound
Extremely stable and nonchalking
Test methods: Certified quality

The book Technology of Paints & Coatings with Formulations covers Resins (Water Borne) for Coatings, High Solids Green Coatings (Air Drying), Technology of Primer Compositions (Alkyd Resins), Acrylic Polyols Technology, Biodegradable Surface Coatings, Binders for Premium Paints, Cyclized Rubber in Surface Coatings, Coatings for Medical Application, Dacro Coating, Epoxy Resin, Extraction, Modification and Applications of CNSL/Cardanol Based Epoxy Resin, Elastomeric Poly urea coatings, Formulation of 2K Waterborne Concrete Floor Coatings, Green Coating, Herbal Coating, High Temperature Coatings Technology, Infrared Spectroscopy: Its Relevance in the Field of Surface Coating,Marine Paints & Coatings, Magnetic Paint, Nanotechnology, PU Coatings, Photo Luminescent Paints, Polyaspartics, Phenolic Resins, Paints based on Agricultural Materials, Polyester Powder Coatings, Paint Coating on Galvanized Steel in Coil Coating Line, Photocatalytic Coatings,Ketonic Resins, Radiation Cure Coatings, Self Healing Coatings, Stealth Coatings for Aircraft and ships, Sol Gel Coatings, Vacuum Metallizing Coating on Plastic Automotive Components, Plastic Packaging for Paints, Silicone Resin Paints.

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