Project report on PVC Cable - Technology Book - Feasibility Report - Market Survey - Industrial Report https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product-tag/pvc-cable/ We Create Industrialist Thu, 30 Jan 2020 06:34:29 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.3 https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/cropped-logo-1-32x32.jpg Project report on PVC Cable - Technology Book - Feasibility Report - Market Survey - Industrial Report https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product-tag/pvc-cable/ 32 32 FLEXIBLE PVC WIRE AND CABLES (HOUSING WIRING MANUFACTURING) https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/flexible-pvc-wire-and-cables-housing-wiring-manufacturing/ Thu, 30 Jan 2020 06:34:28 +0000 https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=13432 Wire is used to carry the current from one place to another A wire is a single conductor (material most commonly being copper or aluminium) while cable is two or more insulated wires wrapped in one jacket. Multiple conductors that have no insulation around would be classified as a single conductor.

TYPES OF ELECTRICAL WIRES

There are two main types of wires: solid or stranded.

A solid wire is a single conductor that is either bare or insulated by a protective colored sheath. It offers low resistance and is perfect for use in higher frequencies. When inside a covering there are many thin strands of wires twisted together, it is called a stranded wire. Stranded wires are used where flexibility is important because which the wire can be used for a longer period. This type of wire have larger cross-sectional area than solid wires for the same current carrying capacity. Stranding is process of twisting together of small wires to form a single larger conductor. Used to provide flexibility, ease of handling and vibration resistance.

Copper Wire

Copper Wire is a single electrical conductor manufactured out of Copper Ore. This widely used conductor can either be insulated or uninsulated. Having a moderate conductivity, it’s used to transfer electricity with low voltage. Electrical wiring in buildings is the largest market for the copper industry worldwide. As per estimation, around half of the copper mines is consumed in manufacturing electrical wire and cable conductors.

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]]> INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF ELECTRICAL WIRES
THERE ARE TWO MAIN TYPES OF WIRES: SOLID OR STRANDED.
COPPER WIRE
PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES OF COPPER WIRE:
ELECTRICAL CABLE
PVC COPPER CABLE
PROPERTY
APPLICATION
ADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES OF PVC CABLES
SOME OF THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF PVC CABLES
CONSTRUCTION
CONDUCTOR
1. SOLID/STRANDED
A. SOLID
B. STRANDING
2. CIRCULAR/ SHAPED
A. CIRCULAR
B. SHAPED
INSULATION
THE FOLLOWING COLOUR CODE IS USED FOR IDENTIFICATION:
LAYING UP
INNERSHEATH
A. EXTRUDED INNERSHEATH
B. TAPPED INNERSHEATH
ARMOURING
OUTERSHEATH
USES AND APPLICATION
APPLICATIONS
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
OVERVIEW OF PVC WIRE AND CABLE
INDIAN WIRE AND CABLE MARKET
CAPEX IN KEY SEGMENTS FY15-19 – TOTAL = RS. 8,56,020 CRORES
PRIORITIZATION OF RAILWAY LINES
METRO RAIL GROWTH
METRO PROJECTS PIPELINE – ORDERING EXPECTED OVER FY17-19
GENERAL METRO RAIL CAPEX BREAKDOWN
GROWTH IN TRANSMISSION SECTOR
GROSS BLOCK (FIXED ASSETS) OF MAJOR TELECOM SERVICE PROVIDERS
IMMENSE GROWTH IN RENEWABLES CAPACITY LED BY SOLAR
GROWING MIX OF RENEWABLES IN GENERATION AHEAD
INVESTMENT REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE 175GW RENEWABLE ENERGY
TARGET BY FY2022
KEY SECTORS FOR INVESTMENT UNDER SMART CITIES MISSION
PRODUCT PROFILE
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
DEMAND-SUPPLY DYNAMICS
DEMAND GROWTH
DEMAND DRIVERS
IMPORT EXPORT TREND
IMPORT EXPORT TREND
CAPACITY ADDITION
PRICE TREND
COMPETITIVE SCENARIO
RESOURCE RISK
FINANCIAL RISK
EXPORT DATA OF PVC COPPER FLEXIBLE
IMPORT DATA OF INSULATED COPPER CABLE
IMPORT DATA OF PVC COPPER WIRE
GLOBAL MARKET POSITION WIRE & CABLES
WIRE & CABLE DEMAND
EUROPEAN TRENDS FOR WIRE & CABLE DEMAND, 2010-2016
KEY TRENDS IN END USE MARKETS – CONSTRUCTION
ANNUAL GROWTH OF PRODUCTION IN CONSTRUCTION, 2010-2016
(% YEAR-ON-YEAR CHANGE)
KEY TRENDS IN END USE MARKETS – TELECOMMUNICATIONS
KEY TRENDS IN END USE MARKETS – POWER INFRASTRUCTURE
EU-28 WIRE & CABLE APPARENT CONSUMPTION, 2010 – 2016
(‘000 TONNES)
EU-28 WIRE & CABLE APPARENT CONSUMPTION, 2010 – 2016 (€ MILLION)
WIRE & CABLE SUPPLY
EUROPEAN TRENDS FOR WIRE & CABLE SUPPLY, 2010-2016
ITALY AND GERMANY HAVE THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF CABLE PLANTS,
EACH WITH MORE THAN 100 OPERATIONAL SITES
GERMANY IS THE LARGEST PRODUCER, REPRESENTING 17%
OF TOTAL EU-28 PRODUCTION
TOP WIRE & CABLE PRODUCERS IN THE REGION
TOP WIRE & CABLE COMPANIES, 2015
EU-28 WIRE & CABLE PRODUCTION, 2010 – 2016 (‘000 TONNES)
EU-28 WIRE & CABLE PRODUCTION, 2010 – 2016 (€ MILLION)
WIRE & CABLE TRADE
EU-28 WIRE & CABLE TRADE, 2010 – 2016 (€ MILLION)
EU-28 WIRE & CABLE TRADE, 2010 – 2016 (€ MILLION)
EU-28 TRADE HAS RETURNED TO OVERALL NET IMPORT, AFTER
BECOMING A NET EXPORTER BETWEEN 2010 AND 2014
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF PVC COPPER WIRE
OUTLINE OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS
PROCESS FLOW CHART
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
(1) DRAWING
(2) ANNEALING
(3) STRANDING
(4) INSULATION
(5) QUALITY CONTROL
CABLES ARE MANUFACTURED AND UNDERGO THE FOLLOWING TESTS:
(A) TYPE TEST
1. THE FOLLOWING TESTS ARE TYPE TEST OF ELECTRICAL POWER
CABLE.
PHYSICAL TESTS FOR INSULATION AND SHEATH
(B) ACCEPTANCE TEST:
(C) ROUTINE TEST:
CONDUCTOR RESISTANCE TEST OF ELECTRICAL POWER CABLES
TEST FOR THICKNESS OF INSULATION OF POWER CABLE
APPARATUS REQUIRED TO TEST FOR THICKNESS OF INSULATION
OF POWER CABLE
PROCEDURE FOR TESTING OF THICKNESS OF INSULATION
OF POWER CABLE
ANNEALING TEST FOR WIRES AND CONDUCTORS
PROCESS OF ANNEALING TEST FOR WIRES AND CONDUCTORS
TENSILE TEST OF CONDUCTORS
APPARATUS REQUIRED FOR TENSILE TEST:
METHOD OF TENSILE TEST OF CONDUCTORS
PROCEDURE
PERSULPHATE TEST OF CONDUCTOR
WHY COPPER WIRES ARE TINNED?
METHODS
METHOD A:
METHOD B:
TEST SPECIMEN FOR TINNING TEST (FOR METHOD B)
WRAPPING TEST FOR CONDUCTORS
(6) COILING AND PACKING
SEQUENCES IN WIRE & CABLE MANUFACTURING
WIRE DRAW IS FIRST STEP
TWISTING AND STRANDING
CABLING AND JACKETING
CABLES TESTED BEFORE SHIPPING
CABLING INSTALLATION & MAINTENANCE
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
COPPER WIRE ROD
PVC COMPOUND CABLE GRADE
PACKING MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND EQUIPMENTS
WIRE DRAWING MACHINE
PVC EXTRUSION PLANT
ANNEALING FURNACE
WIRE STRANDING MACHINE
WIRE STRATNING MACHINE
ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
EOT CRANES
DG SETS
POWER TRANSFORMERS
COOLING TOWER
ETP PLANTS
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS
AIR COMPRESSORS
AIR COMPRESSORS
WEIGHING MACHINE (PLATFORM TYPE)
MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

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]]> PVC AND CPVC PIPE AND FITTINGS MANUFACTURING PLANT https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/pvc-and-cpvc-pipe-and-fittings-manufacturing-plant/ Wed, 31 Jul 2019 06:47:52 +0000 https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=12998 PVC (unplasticized polyvinylchloride) pipes and fittings exhibit excellent resistance to aggressive environments both naturally occurring and as a result of industrial activity. They are resistant to almost all types of corrosion, either chemical or electrochemical in nature. Since PVC is a non-conductor, galvanic and electro chemical effects do not occur in PVC pipes. PVC Pipes and fittings a often used in the following circumstances: • For drinking water pipe distribution systems, both main and supply lines. • Sewer and discharge pipe systems. Due to its non-metallic nature, the material used is totally resistant to all forms of metallic corrosion. Aggressive water resulting from high sulphate soils and low hardness water will not attack PVC pipes. Our pipes are therefore resistant to a wide range of industrial waters and chemicals and offer an advantage in long-term systems life and manufacture costs. For more information on the resistance of PVC for specific chemical(s), do not hesitate to let Interplast know. We inform you of the suitable pipe solution necessary. Being made of a tasteless and odorless material, PVC pipes remain neutral to all transported fluids. PVC is completely inert and is widely used for transporting liquids made for human consumption. Because of their mirror-smooth inside surface, PVC pipes have minimum flow head loss. There is also no buildup of inside deposits, a particular advantage in the construction of sewerage systems. The physical properties of PVC pipes are not affected by neither direct sunshine, nor wind or rain. However, to avoid surface browning due to long exposure to direct sunlight, it is recommended that the pipes are kept protected from direct sunlight. Rigid PVC is not conductive to combustion. In the event of a fire, flames are unable to travel on PVC pipes. They therefore offer added safety when used for electrical installations, both domestic and industrial. PVC pipes are relatively light. Their specific weight 1.43 is one- fifth that of steel pipes. This cuts down transportation costs and facilitates installation when in difficult and remote places. Installation is quick and easy with a complete line of fittings either with the solvent glue weld sockets or the rubber seal socket joints. In either case, a leak-proof joint is assured. Subsequent maintenance work is also carried out with a minimum of complication and cost. PVC pipe which is made from polymerized vinyl chloride, a synthetic resin, which when plasticized or softened with other chemicals has some rubber-like properties. Derived from acetylene and anhydrous hydrochloric acid. PVC pipe has nominal sizes that are to be used with PVC socket fittings (schedule 40) and PVC socket or threaded fittings (schedule 80). PVC Pipe and Fittings have got tremendous demand in India as well as in abroad. To manufacture this, all the machinery and raw materials are available indigenously. A polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe is made from a plastic and vinyl combination material. The pipes are durable, hard to damage, and long lasting. A PVC pipe does not rust, rot, or wear over time. For that reason, PVC piping is most commonly used in water systems, underground wiring, and sewer lines. PVC was first developed in 1925 when a BF Goodrich employee, Dr. Waldo Semon, attempted to invent a method for bonding metal and rubber. After blending materials together to create a strong and flexible material, Semon discovered PVC. Nonetheless, the product remained virtually useless for another decade. In the late 1930's, PVC was found to have great shock absorbing abilities. This discovery led to the creation of long lasting PVC tire treads, which were created with flexible forms of PVC. Two decades later, PVC pipe was invented. By heating the PVC material, a special machine called an extruder could be used to push the PVC into hollow pipes. This PVC pipe was extremely solid and virtually indestructible. Using PVC pipes for irrigation systems proved to be effective. PVC pipe has since been considered an affordable and reliable means for water piping. Due to the ability of PVC pipe to withstand extreme movement and bending, it is also increasingly used in earthquake prone areas. PVC pipe can withstand the rigorous shaking of the earth without experiencing any damage. The smooth surface of the PVC pipe is also resistant to bacterial contamination, such as E. coli. Therefore, many water companies rely on PVC pipe in their systems in order to keep them free of contamination. Unfortunately, the material used in PVC pipe appears to be detrimental to a person's health and safety. Reported cases of PVC pipe shattering when used with high-pressured gases have increased drastically. The Federal Government has issued safety warnings, which strongly recommend using alternative piping material. In addition, the heavy metals used to create PVC pipe can leach out when heated. The vapors emitted from the heated PVC pipe are now being linked to certain forms of cancer, especially lung cancer. CPVC Pipes and Fittings are manufactured from compound, CPVC- Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride is a thermoplastic used for hot and cold water lines. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) is a thermoplastic produced by chlorination of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin used for hot and cold water lines. CPVC is the first choice of material for potable water supply across the world and is in use across the world for more than 50 years.

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]]> INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES OF PVC PIPES & FITTINGS
CHLORINATED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (CPVC)
ADVANTAGES & LIMITATIONS
HANDLING & STORAGE:-
WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS OF CPVC PIPE
IMPORTANT CPVC RELATED STANDARDS
STANDARD
TOPIC
ANSI/NSF STANDARD
CPVC PIPES-POTABLE WATER SUPPLY THIS IS A CRITICAL CERTIFICATION WITHOUT
WHICH CPVC PIPES CANNOT BE USED FOR CARRYING POTABLE WATER
ASTM D2840
CPVC HOT COLD WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
ASTM F439
CPVC SCHEDULE 80 CPVC FITTINGS
ASTM F441
CPVC SCHEDULE 40 & 80 PIPES
DIN-8079
CPVC PIPES DIMENSION
DIN-8080
CPVC PIPES GENERAL QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND TESTING
BS 7291/4
CPVC PIPES AND FITTINGS FOR HOT AND COLD WATER DISTRIBUTION
NFT 54-014-1/2
CPVC PIPES AND FITTINGS FOR HOT AND COLD WATER DISTRIBUTION
EN-ISO 15877:2003
PLASTICS PIPING SYSTEMS FOR HOT AND COLD WATER INSTALLATIONS –
CHLORINATED POLY VINYL CHLORIDE (PVC – C)
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS
PLASTIC PIPES & FITTINGS
PRESSURE PIPES FOR WATER SUPPLY & IRRIGATION
(TABLE OF DIMENSIONS OF PIPES TO IS : 4985-1968)
PLUMBING PIPES
APPLICATIONS OF PVC PIPES & FITTINGS
ADVANTAGES OF USING PVC PIPES
1. IT IS ECONOMICAL:
2. IT RESISTS CORROSION:
3. NON-ENRUSTATION:
4. LIGHT WEIGHT:
5. EASE OF INSTALLATION:
MARKET SURVEY
IMPACT OF GST, DEMONETISATION, RERA ON PIPES AND FITTINGS INDUSTRY
OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE PIPES AND FITTINGS SEGMENT FROM BUDGET 2018
IMPORTED OR INDIGENOUS PIPES
NEW VENTURE IN PIPES AND FITTING SEGMENT
PRODUCTION OF PVC AND CPVC PIPES FROM 2007 TO 2017
APPLICATION BREAK UP OF PVC IN INDIA
GLOBAL APPLICATION OF PVC
PRESENT CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF P.V.C. RIGID PIPES
PVC PIPES OFFERS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES:-
TREND IN INCREASE IN DEMAND
TREND GROWTH RATE IN INCREASE OF DEMAND = 15%
ENHANCED RECYCLING PROPERTIES FOR PVC PIPES
OVERVIEW OF PVC
GLOBAL SCENARIO
GLOBAL PVC CAPACITY BREAK-UP (%)
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF SUSPENSION PVC
GLOBAL PVC DEMAND BREAK-UP
INDIAN SCENARIO
FIGURE: PVC PRODUCTION AND IMPORTS IN INDIA
FIGURE: PVC DEMAND IN INDIA – HISTORY
FIGURE: APPLICATION BREAK-UP OF PVC – INDIA
FIGURE: APPLICATION BREAK-UP OF PVC – GLOBAL
FIGURE: PVC CONSUMPTION IN INDIA (2001-2015)
FIGURE: DOMESTIC MANUFACTURERS AND CAPACITIES (KT)
MANUFACTURERS/EXPORTERS 57
PVC PIPE MANUFACTURERS/EXPORTERS RAW MATERIAL SECTION
PVC RESIN:
DIMENSION OF PVC PIPE
PVC PIPE & FITTINGS DIMENSIONS (SCH 40 / SCH 80)
FORMULATION FOR PVC RIGID PIPES 65
PVC FLEXIBLE PIPES
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE
PLUMBING PIPES
USES & APPLICABILITY OF PVC COMPOUNDS
BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION:
PACKAGING:
MISCELLANEOUS:-
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF PVC PIPES
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE OF RIGID PIPES
TWIN SCREW EXTRUDERS
EXTRUSION DIES
EXTRUSION LINES:-
PVC PIPE FITTINGS:-
PLASTICIZER OF PVC
FILLERS OF PVC
STABILIZERS
PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PVC PIPES
PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PVC FITTINGS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF PVC & CPVC PIPE FITTING
DETAILS OF PLASTIC EXTRUSION PROCESS
EXTRUDER HEATER
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PLASTIC EXTRUSION PLANT
TEMPERATURE SECTION OF PVC PLANT
HEATER SPECIFICATION OF PLASTIC EXTRUSION SYSTEM
PLASTIC EXTRUSION SCREW
DETAILS OF INJECTION MOLDING FOR PIPE FITTINGS
PROCESS CYCLE
EQUIPMENT
INJECTION UNIT
INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE – INJECTION UNIT
CLAMPING UNIT
INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE – CLAMPING UNIT
MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS
INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE
TOOLING
MOLD OVERVIEW
MOLD BASE
MOLD BASE
MOLD CHANNELS
MOLD DESIGN
MOLD – CLOSED
MOLD – EXPLODED VIEW
THE NEW GENERATION OF PVC-O PIPES
MOLECULAR ORIENTATION, A REVOLUTION IN PVC TECHNOLOGY
A PLASTIC WITH UNBEATABLE PROPERTIES
CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGY FOR WATER
MAXIMUM RELIABILITY AND SECURITY
HIGH SHORT AND LONG TERM HYDROSTATIC RESISTANCE
EXCELLENT RESPONSE TO WATER HAMMER
INCREASE HYDRAULIC CAPACITY
MAXIMUM FLEXIBILITY
COMPLETE CORROSION RESISTANCE
TOTAL WATER QUALITY
COMPLETELY WATER TIGHT
LOWER COST AND EASIER INSTALLATION
THE MOST ECO-FRIENDLY PIPES ON THE MARKET
ENERGY EFFICIENT
OPTIMAL USE OF WATER RESOURCES
100% RECYCLABLE
THE BEST MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
TENSILE RESISTANCE
LONG TERM HYDROSTATIC RESISTANCE
PIPING AND MATERIAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
OTHER MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS
UNBEATABLE HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES
HYDRAULIC CAPACITY
WATER HAMMER
A RANGE FOR ALL KINDS OF APPLICATIONS
DIMENTIONS
PACKAGING
JOINTS AND WATER TIGHT SEALS
FITTINGS
TAPPING SADDLES
FLANGE WITH ANTI-TRACTION SYSTEM
FITTINGS WITH PLUGS EURO TYPE
APPLICATIONS
OTHER APPLICATIONS
PLANT LAYOUT
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
MOULDS FOR PIPE FITTINGS
HIGH SPEED MIXER
EXTRUDER
PLASTIC SCRAP GRINDER MACHINE
PLASTIC INJECTION MOULDING MACHINE
GENERATOR SET
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
PVC RESIN
CALCIUM STEARATE
LEAD STEARATE
PRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATE
PIGMENT DYE

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

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]]> PVC COMPOUNDING PLANT FOR CABLE GRADES https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/pvc-compounding-plant-cable-grades/ Thu, 08 Nov 2018 10:26:34 +0000 https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=11976 Indian plastics industry is one of the largest in the Asian Region. It had a modest beginning in the late twenties when articles like combs, soap boxes, ash trays etc. began to be manufactured in the country from imported raw materials. Three are about fifty materials identified as plastics and the list is being extended continuously. Plastics are classified as thermoplastics and thermo sets on the basic of the polymerization method adopted to produce the basic plastic material as on the basic of the primary raw materials source. Polyvinyl chloride comes under thermoplastics. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymers or resins are the most important constituents of PVC compounds and are classified into bulic or mass polymers, emulsion polymers, suspension polymers and paste-forming polymers. There is a fifth type known as solution polymers which is used for coating applications.

Compounding of PVC resin is done in three steps, namely

1.    Premixing

2.    Fusion or gelation

3.    Pelletizing or granulation. Mixing of the ingredients to a high degree of homogenization is called (premixing). The premixed material is homogenized during Fusion or Gelation. In the third step namely pelletization or granulation the homogenous mass is produced in a suitable form for smooth processing. Hence it is possible to avoid one or more of the steps with the help of modern processing equipment.

Although plastic industry in India experienced many ups and downs in the 70's it has made considerable progress not only in the output and range of plastics raw materials produced and consumed but also in learning and absorbing better processing technology as well as the manufacture of more and better machine.

INTRODUCTION
DEVELOPMENT IN PVC COMPOUND
WHAT IS THE INTENDED APPLICATION?
HOW WILL THE MATERIAL BE PROCESSED?
BASE MATERIAL
ADDITIVES
MATERIAL DEVELOPMENTS
PVC PERFORMANCE
SOFT PVC (A PLASTICIZED PVC)
PIGMENTS
RIGID (OR UNPLASTICIZED) PVC
PVC COMPOUNDING ESSENTIAL INGREDIENTS
PVC RESIN
SUSPENSION GRADE PVCH
EMULSION GRADE PVC
BULK POLYMERISED PVC
COPOLYMER PVC
K VALUE
PRIMARY PLASTICIZERS
SECONDARY PLASTICIZERS
STABILIZERS
HEAT STABILIZERS
LIGHT STABILIZERS
LUBRICANTS
FILLERS
GROUND CALCIUM CARBONATE
PRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATE
PIGMENTS
MASTERBATCHES
SPECIAL ADDITIVES
FLOW PROMOTERS
IMPACT MODIFIERS
FIRE RETARDANTS AND SMOKE SUPPRESSANTS
FOAMING AGENTS
FUNGICIDES AND BIOCIDES
USES AND APPLICATION
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS SPECIFICATION
OVERVIEW OF WIRE & CABLES
TWO INDIES
POWER PLAYERS
BETTER CABLES MEAN BETTER RELIABILITY
IMPROVING TRANSMISSION FOR A BRIGHT FUTURE
MARKET TRENDS
END USERS DEMAND LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE
GOVERNMENT REFORM IS CHANGING THE ELECTRICITY MARKET
PE STRONG IN POWER CABLE INSULATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION CABLES
NEW TECHNOLOGIES
STANDARDS
INNOVATIVE WIRE & CABLE SOLUTIONS FOR INDIA
POWER CABLE MATERIALS
TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABLE MATERIALS
SPECIALTY WIRE AND CABLE PRODUCTS
ELASTOMERS FOR WIRE AND CABLES
MARKET SURVEY
U.S. PLASTIC COMPOUNDING MARKET REVENUE BY PRODUCT
2014 - 2026 (USD MILLION)
GLOBAL DEMAND OF PVC
THE PROCESSING SECTOR
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF PVC COMPOUND
RENEWABLE PVC COMPOUNDING AND ITS DETAILS
RENEWABLE PLASTICIZERS
RENEWABLE PVC COMPOUND
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND TOXICOLOGY
THE CALCULATION IS SUMMARIZED BELOW
FORMULATION OF PVC COMPOUND (CABLE GRADE)
FORMULATION FOR DIFFERENT GRADES OR P.V.C.
PROCESS OUTLINE OF PVC COMPOUNDING
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE
TRANSFORMATION OF THE RAW MATERIALS COMPOUND CONSISTS
OF THE FOLLOWING
RAW MATERIAL QUALITY ASSURANCE, EVERY STEP OF THE WAY
RELIABLE, PROVEN PVC COMPOUNDING CAPABILITY.
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
DETAILS OF PVC COMPOUNDING
DRY BLENDING
MELT COMPOUNDING
MELT COMPOUNDING OF ELVALOY/PVC BLENDS USING
A HIGH-SHEAR, CO-ROTATING, TWIN SCREW EXTRUDER
TABLE 1. TYPICAL SCREW DESIGN (53 MM W&P)
TABLE 1. FORMULAS
PVC COMPOUNDING EXTRUDER
PVC COMPOUNDING MACHINES
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
POLYMERS POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)/RESINS
STABILIZERS
PLASTICIZERS
CALCIUM STEARATE
C.P.W
CALCIUM CARBONATE
HDPE WOVEN BAGS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
GRANULES EXTRUSION MACHINES
HIGH SPEED MIXER
AIR COMPRESSOR
PLASTIC SCRAP GRINDER MACHINE
LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS
D.G. SETS

APPENDIX – A:

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

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