PVC Pipes – EIRI – eBooks and Project Reports

CPVC AND SWR PIPES AND FITTINGS

EIRI Team — Mon, 16 Dec 2019 06:58:57 +0000

INTRODUCTION
SWR DRAINAGE SYSTEM & BENEFITS
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS AND RANGE
FEATURES AND BENEFITS
ADEQUATE AND EASY ACCESS FOR CLEANING AND CLEARING OBSTRUCTIONS.
DIMENSION OF SWR PIPES & FITTINGS
FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF CPVC PIPES & FITTINGS
FEATURES & BENEFITS
SPECIFICATION FOR SOIL, WASTE, VENT AND RAIN WATER PIPING
INTERNAL & EXTERNAL DRAINAGE (UPVC PIPES)
UNPLASTICISED P.V.C PIPES:
STORAGE AND HANDLING:
JOINTING OF UNPLASTICISED P.V.C PIPES:
METHODS OF JOINTING:
SOLVENT WELDED JOINTS:
RUBBER RING JOINTS OR “O” RING SHRINK JOINTS (SHAFT PIPING):
TRAPS:
GENERAL:
FIXING TO SUPPORTS:
TESTING:
TESTING & INSPECTION OF UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (UPVC) FOR SOIL AND WASTE DISCHARGE SYSTEM
CHLOINATED PVC
COMPARISON TO POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)
HEAT RESISTANCE
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
FIRE PROPERTIES
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS
MARKET POSITION OF PVC PIPES IN INDIA
TABLE: ANNUAL CONSUMPTION IN INDIA.
TABLE: MARKET SEGMENTATION IN INDIA.
PVC PIPING SEGMENT
OPPORTUNITIES AHEAD:
AGRICULTURE/RIGID PIPE SEGMENT –OPPORTUNITY CONTINUES
THE RECENT INITIATIVES BY THE NDA GOVERNMENT:
PLUMBING PIPES –A FUTURE LIES HERE
KEY GROWTH DRIVERS:
CPVC PIPE –GAINING POPULARITY DAY BY DAY
HOW CPVC PIPES HAVE EVOLVED IN INDIA?
FEATURES OF CPVC PIPE
CPVC PIPE MARKET IN INDIA
PRODUCTION OF PVC AND CPVC PIPES FROM 2007 TO 2016
GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES IN THE INDIAN PLASTIC PIPE MARKET
RAW MATERIALS
PVC (POLYVINYL CHLORIDE)
PROPERTIES OF RIGID PVC
TABLE: GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE RIGID PVC.
CPVC PIPES AND ITS BENEFITS
BENEFITS OF CPVC
ADVANTAGE OF CPVC PIPE FITTINGS
FORMULATION OF CPVC PIPE
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
TABLE 5
FORMULATION OF PVC COMPOUND FOR SWR PVC PIPE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SWR PIPE & FITTINGS
DETAILED PROCESS OF SWR PVC PIPE
PROCESS FLOW CHART
PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PVC FITTINGS
PLASTIC EXTRUSION PROCESS
EXTRUDER HEATER
FIGURE BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PLASTIC EXTRUSION PLANT
FIGURE TEMPERATURE SECTION OF PVC PLANT
TABLE HEATER SPECIFICATION OF PLASTIC EXTRUSION SYSTEM
PLASTIC EXTRUSION SCREW
FIGURE PLASTIC EXTRUSION SCREW MODEL
PROTOTYPE MODEL
DETAILS OF PIPE EXTRUSION PROCESS
TABLE: COMMON TROUBLESHOOTING IN PIPE EXTRUSION.
AUXILIARY EQUIPMENTS FOR PVC PIPES
CAUSES OF CPVC/PVC PIPE FAILURE & TEST
MOST OF THE MAIN CAUSES OF CPVC/PVC PIPE FAILURE
I. IMPROPER SYSTEM ENGINEERING/INSTALLATION
II. IMPROPER OPERATION
III. CONTAMINATION
IV. MANUFACTURING DEFECTS
V. RESIN DEFECTS
IV. ABUSE BY DISTRIBUTOR
TABLE. SIX MAIN CAUSES OF OCCASIONAL PIPE FAILURE AND TESTING METHODS GENERALLY USED FOR DIAGNOSES:
INJECTION MOULDING PROCESS
INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS, BASIC STEP 1: PRODUCT DESIGN
PLANT LAYOUT
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
CPVC PIPE PLANT
INJECTION MOULDING MACHINE
MOULDS FOR CPVC AND SWR PIPES FITTINGS
COOLING TOWER
LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
PVC RESIN
CALCIUM STEARATE
LEAD STEARATE
PRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATE
PIGMENT DYE

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

The post CPVC AND SWR PIPES AND FITTINGS appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

PVC AND PP FILES AND FOLDERS

EIRI Team — Mon, 13 Oct 2014 08:17:11 +0000

Plastic file cover, file folder are the items of common use in the various government office. Govt of India undertaking, Private sector and other institution, College school and Houses. These are generally sold in printed form also.

In handling books and records, proper care is required. In the educational institution Govt office, bank and other organization where books and records are used in large number, usually people prefer to preserve them in plastic folder of different forms and sizes. These plastic folder not only protect the books and other records from dust and rain but also imparts neat appearance.

Project Report Covers:

Introduction
Uses and Applications
Properties
Market Survey with future aspects
Present Manufacturers
B.I.S. Specifications
Manufacturing Process with Formulae
Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
Capacity
Land & Building Requirements with Rates
List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
Raw Materials
Details/List and Costs
Power & Water Requirements
Labour/Staff Requirements
Utilities and Overheads
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Cost of Production
Break Even Point
Profitability
Land Man Ratio
Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post PVC AND PP FILES AND FOLDERS appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

PVC COMPOUNDS

EIRI Team — Fri, 19 Sep 2014 13:35:00 +0000

Indian plastics industry is one of the largest in the Asian Region. It had a modest beginning in the late twenties when articles like combs, soap boxes, ash trays etc. began to be manufactured in the country from imported raw materials. Three are about fifty materials identified as plastics and the list is being extended continously. Plastics are classified as thermoplastics and thermosets on the basic of the polymerisation method adopted to produce the basic plastic material as on the basic of the primary raw materials source. Polyvinyl chloride comes under thermoplastics. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymers or resins are the most important constituents of PVC compounds and are classified into bulic or mass polymers, emulsion polymers, suspension polymers and paste-forming polymers. There is a fifth type known as solution polymers which is used for coating applications.

Project Report Covers:

Introduction
Uses and Applications
Properties
Market Survey with future aspects
Present Manufacturers
B.I.S. Specifications
Manufacturing Process with Formulae
Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
Capacity
Land & Building Requirements with Rates
List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
Raw Materials
Details/List and Costs
Power & Water Requirements
Labour/Staff Requirements
Utilities and Overheads
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Cost of Production
Break Even Point
Profitability
Land Man Ratio
Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post PVC COMPOUNDS appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

PVC PIPES AND FITTING

EIRI Team — Fri, 12 Sep 2014 07:41:44 +0000

PVC stands for Polyvinyl-Chloride. The International PVC plastic pipe market is estimated to reach $88 billion by 2023-24 and is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 6.5% from 2018-19 to 2023-24. The building and construction segment is estimated to hold 21.3% share of the global plastic pipes market by 2024 end and is projected to create an incremental $ opportunity of US$ 3,113.8 Mn between 2016 and 2024. PVC pipe manufacturing industry may be setting-up in small and medium scale sector. PVC pipe now-a-days a widely used material in electrical, irrigation and construction industry. The 62% of the total demand of PVC pipe exist today is up to 110 mm outer diameter. PVC Pipes and fittings are manufacturerd from the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material as mentioned earlier. PVC pipes and fittings are produced by heating plastic resins and the molten resins are set to make required shapes and sizes. PVC pipes and fittings are widely used in the many applications i.e. as irrigation, building & construction, water supply, sewage management and many others. Plastic/PVC pipes and fittings are of various types such as rigid pvc pipes and flexible pvc pipes. PVC pipes and fittings have various properties such as high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant, cost effective etc. These pipes are used almost in every building & construction and irrigation systems. The pipes and fittings are being used as a protective covering for electrical wires to provide insulation. The growth of the global PVC pipes and fittings market is increasing gradually at a rapid pace. The PVC (main raw material for pvc pipe and fitting) is easily available locally.

PVC Pipe Manufacturing Machinery & Equipment

Following main machinery are needed to produce PVC Pipe and Fittings:

High-speed Mixer
65 mm/18 V PVC rigid pipe extrusion plant consisting of twin screw extruder, vacuum sizing unit, cooling tank, haul off the unit and cutting device complete with controls and motor, etc.
Dies size 20, 25, 45, 63, 75, 90, 110 mm and mandrel size 2.5 kg/cm2, 4 kg/cm2, 6 kg/cm2, 10 kg/cm2.
Scrap grinder
Overhead water tank and recycling Pump units
Weighing balance
Pipe storage, racks, maintenance of small hand tools, greasing, oiling equipment, etc.
Chemical testing laboratory equipment such as chemical balance, Oven, and equipment with testing equipment, apparatus for testing bulk density, specific gravity lead and tin estimation (in ppm), Lab. Equipment consisting of capacity testing apparatus, Impact tests, compressive strength, Hydraulic pressure (long term, short term) apparatus.

Each ‘EIRI’ MARKET OVERVIEW CUM DETAILED TECHNO ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY REPORT (Complete Report) tentatively covers
•   Introduction
•   Properties
•   BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) Specifications & Requirements
•   Uses & Applications
•   Present Indian Market Overview/Position
•   Export & Import Statistics Data
•   Names and Addresses of Existing Units (Present Manufactures)
•   List of Plant & Machineries
•   Miscellaneous Items and Accessories
•   Instruments, Laboratory Equipments and Accessories
•   Electrification, Electric Load and Water
•   Maintenance, Suppliers/Manufacturers of Plant and Machineries
•   Manufacturing Process with Formulations (If applicable)
•   Flow Sheet Diagram
•   List of Raw Materials
•   Availability of Raw Materials
•   Requirement of Staff & Labour
•   Personnel Management
•   Skilled & Unskilled Labour
•   Requirement of Land Area
•   Built up Area
•   Plant Layout
Along with financial details as under:
•   Summary of Capital Cost of Project
•   Land & Side Development Exp.
•   Buildings
•   Plant & Machineries
•   Misc. Fixed Assets
•   Technical Know how Fees & Exp.
•   Preliminary Expenses
•   Pre-operative Expenses
•   Provision for Contingencies
Below mentioned financial statements (Annexure) will be for 5 to 10 Years
•   Annexure:: Cost of Project and Means of Finance
•   Annexure:: Output, Profitability and Cash Flow Chart
•   Annexure:: Assessment of Working Capital requirements
•   Annexure:: Sources of Finance
•   Annexure:: Balance Sheets
•   Annexure:: Break-Even Analysis and profitability analysis.
•   Annexure:: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks
•   Annexure:: Sales Realisation
•   Annexure:: Raw Material Cost
•   Annexure:: Other Raw Material Cost
•   Annexure:: Packing Material Cost
•   Annexure:: Consumables, Store etc.,
•   Annexure:: Employees Expenses
•   Annexure:: Fuel Expenses
•   Annexure:: Power/Electricity Expenses
•   Annexure:: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.
•   Annexure:: Other Mfg. Expenses
•   Annexure:: Administration Expenses
•   Annexure:: Selling Expenses
•   Annexure:: Depreciation Charges - Profitability
•   Annexure:: Depreciation Charges
•   Annexure:: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans
•   Annexure:: Tax on Profit
•   Annexure:: Assumptions for Profitability workings
•   Annexure:: Assessment of Working Capital

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Complete Technology Book of Plastic Processing and Recycling of Plastics with Project Profiles

EIRI Team — Fri, 29 Aug 2014 12:36:57 +0000

COMPLETE TECHNOLOGY BOOK OF PLASTIC PROCESSING AND RECYCLING OF PLASTICS WITH PROJECT PROFILES

PLASTIC PROCESSING INDUSTRIES TECHNOLOGY

Beginning
Injection Moulding of Thermoplastics
Reaction Injection Moulding (RIM)
Injection Moulding of Thermosets
Extrusion
Extrusion of Thermoplastics
Extrusion of Thermosets
Blow Moulding
Extrusion Blow Moulding
Injection Blow Moulding
Coating Process
Extrusion Coating
Wire Covering
Dip coating
Fluidized Bed Coating
Other Coating Processes
Rotational Moulding
Thermoforming
Calendering
Casting
Compression moulding
Transfer Moulding
Processing Reinforced Plastics
Type of Reinforcement
Processing Methods
Reinforced Thermoplastics
Reinforced Thermosets
Dough Moulding Compound (DMC)
Sheet Moulding Compound (SMC)
Moulding Processes
Open Mould Process
Hand Lay up
Spray up
Filament Winding
Intermediate Process
Cold Press Moulding
Resin Injection
Pultrusion
Heated Mould Process
Pre-form Moulding
Sheet Moulding Compounds (SMC)
Dough Moulding Compounds (DMC)
Lamination of plastics
Fabrication and Decorating of Plastics
Introduction
Machining of Plastics
Assembly Methods
Adhesive Bounding
Welding of Plastics
Hot Gas Welding
Ultrasonic Welding
Friction Welding
High Frequency Welding
Hot Plate Welding
Induction Welding
Mechanical Joints
Decorating Plastics
Integral Colouring
In-mould Transfers
Post Moulding Techniques
Painting
Hot Stamping
Metallic Coatings
Electroplating
Vacuum Metallizing
Printing

NON-WOVEN PP FABRICS IN HYGIENE, HEALTHCARE, MEDICAL AND MEDICARE

The non-wovens industry
Today’s non wovens
Major production methods
How non wovens are made and used
Summary of processes
Web bonding
Fabric finishing
Coverting
End product converting
User acceptance of non wovens
Medical and surgical disposables protect healthcare workers and patients
Hygiene related products medical market
Advantages
Hygiene market
Applications
Advantages
Medical products
Medical products Type of non wovens
Medical usage in the USA
Medical products
Surgical and medical products
Surgical products
Continuous innovation in absorbent, hygiene products
Absorbent hygiene products
Personal care and hygiene products
Healthcare products
Wrap up

POLYETHYLENE GREENHOUSES

Plastics in Agribusiness
Polyethylene Greenhouse
Specific Benefits of Polyhouses
Benefits of Plastic Greenhouses
Types of Polyethylene Greenhouses
classification based on material
Green Houses & Large Tunnels
Benefits
Manufacturing Process
Distribution Pattern of PE Greenhouses
For achieving a higher market penetration of PE Greenhouses

NEW TRENDS IN PLASTICS PACKAGING

Introduction
Flexible packaging
Thrust areas
Breathable films
Multipurpose FFS machinery
Hayssen Snack food packaging systems
Aseptic packaging
Aseptic filling operation
Factors of importance
Aseptic transfer
Internal storage transport and handling
Bulk aseptic packaging Filter
Automatic filling
Multilayer barrier PET bottles
Blow moulded industrial packaging
Some new trends in blow moulding
Blow moulding foam technology (BFT)
Thin gauge form fill seal machines
Packaging for electrostatic discharge protection
Miscellaneous
Some typical speciality additives in polymers for packaging applications
Biodegradable plastics (films)
Recycling of tetrapack waste
Wrap-up

NYLON MONOFILAMENTS

Introduction
Product Description and Uses
Manufacturing Process
Plant and Machinery

PLASTIC BATTERIES

Two Plastic Batteries

PACKAGING OF EDIBLE OIL AND FAT

Composition off Edible Oil and Fat
Spoilage Factors
Distribution Pattern
Packaging Systems/Types of Pack
Critical Parameters
Package Types
Tinplate Containers
Glass Bottles
Semi Rigid Containers
HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) Containers
PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) Bottles
PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) Bottles
Other Semi-Rigid Packs
Flexible Plastic Pouches
Analysis of Needs and Shifts
Structures and Critical Polymers
Structures
Critical Polymers
Closer Look
Flexible Plastics as Economical Media
Flexible Plastics as Effective Solid Waste Reducing Media
Indian Standards for Packaging of Edible oil vanaspati and Ghee
Legislations

PVC HIGHLY FILLED TILES

Introduction
Product Description and Properties
uses and Application
Manufacturing Process

PLASTIC CORRUGATED PIPES

Introduction
Product Description and Properties
Uses and Applications
Manufacturing Process
Blow Moulding
Vacuum Forming
Raw Materials
Plant and Machinery

PVC HOUSE WITH BRAIDED REINFORCEMENT

Introduction
Product Description and Properties
Uses and Applications
Manufacturing Process
Plant and Machinery

RECYCLING OF PLASTICS (HDPE/PP/LDPE/LLDPE/ABS etc.)

Introduction
Collection of waste
Separation
Float Sink Separation
Froth Floatation Separation
Process of Plastic Wastes Recycling
Material Recycling of Homogeneous Plastics Wastes
Raw materials
Compatibilization of incompatible Polymers
Chemical Recyclng
Pyrolysis
Union Carbide Chemicals & Fuels
Tolyo Gas Co. High Grade Coke
Sekisui Chemical Co.Charcoal
Osaka University Gasoline

Osaka City Institute of Hygiene Combustible Gases
Chemical Decomposition of Plastic Wastes by Hydrolysis, Hydrocracking and Other Processes
Energy Recovery from Plastic Wastes
Incineration
Suitable Wastes for Incineration Treatment
Factors Affecting Incineration
Types of Hazardous Waste Incinerators
Products of Incineration
Air Pollution Control During Incineration
Sources of Chlorine and Dioxin Emission
Ash Contents
Landfill Gas and Flammability
Landfill Gas and the Greenhuse Effect
Asphyxiation Toxicity and Odour
Degradable Plastics
Factors Affecting Plastics Degradation
Plastic Modified for Degradation

PET PREFORM AND BOTTLE BLOWING

PET Container Applications
Popular Applications
Manufacturing Processes
Quality Requirements
Single Stage Process
Two Stage Process
Two Stage System Injection Moulding Machine
Machines to give
Dehumidification
Chillers
High pressure compressor
Blowing Station Fully Automatic machines
How are the physical properties of PET improved by stretching?
International trends
Indian Scene
Future Scene Expected
The Future is Big and Good
PET Resin Industry Structure

REVERSE PRINTED LDPE EXTRUSION COATING ON 2 SIDES OF HDPE WOVEN SACKS

Plastics for Entrepreneurs
Extrusion coating on woven sacks for entrepreneurs
Extrusion coating
Low density polyethylene resin
India Low Density Polyethylene Extrusion Coating in India
Polyethylene extrusion coating for entrepreneurs
Manufacturing process
Established end uses
Case study

REFRIGERATOR INNER DOORS AND LINERS

Introduction
Product Description and properties
Uses and Applications
Manufacturing Process
Raw Materials
Plant and Machienry
Project Cost

ROLL -O-MATIC BAG AND IN LINE PRINTING

Introduction
Product Description and Properties
Uses and Applications
Manufacturing process
Raw Materials
Plant and Machinery

PET RECYCLING

Virgin PET
PET Synthesis
Virgin PET thermal transitions and crystallisation
PET applications and processing
Extrusion
Extrusion moulding
Extrusion to produce foam
Injection moulding
Blow moulding
Recycled PET
Contamination
Acid producing contaminants
Water
Colouring contaiminants
Acetaldehyde
Other contaminants
POSTC PET conventional recycling processes
Chemical recycling
Mechanical recycling
Contaminants removal
Drying
Melt processing
Increasing recycled PET intrinsic viscosity
Reprocessing under vacuum
Stabilizers
Solid state polymerisation
Chain extension
Chain extension process
End groups effect
Cross linking reaction
Chain extenders
Chain extension process experimental variables
Chain extension process equipment
Reactive extrusion process
Single screw extruder
Twin screw extruder
Stability of reactive extrusion system
The effect of chain extension on PET crystallinity and thermal transitions
Thermal Transitions and Crystallinity
Multiple melting peaks phenomena
ISBM process
Preform moulding
Bottle stretch blow moulding
ISBM of RER-PET
Bottle physical properties
Orientation and conformation of molecules of PET bottle
Trans Gaucheconformational changes
Dichrostsm

SYNTHETIC PAPERS

Some Successful End uses
Features of synthetics (PP) paper
Finishing and fabrication of products using synthetic paper
Binding
Lamination
Folding
Perforation
Adhesives
Other end uses packaging
In mould labeling
Disposal of (PP) synthetic paper
In-Mould Labelling
Recyling
Environmentally Friendly
stationery Paper
Adhesives
A Wrap up

STRUCTURAL FOAM MOULDING

Introduction
Product Description and Properties
Uses and Applications
Manufacturing Process

TECHNOLOGY FOR MANUFACTURING ORIENTED PVC-O PIPES

Full Dry system
Quick Diameter Change
Higher Degree of Orientation
Heating Equipment
Internal Scket
Flexibility
Low Learning Curve
Conclusion
Benefits to instailer of Oriented PVC (PVC-O) Pipes
Benefits to user of Oriented PVC (PVC-O) Pipes

WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES

Thermoplastics Materials and Wood Filler
Processing
Applications for WPCa
Decking
Window and Door Profiles
Automotive Applications
Conclusion

PLANT ECONOMICS OF ACRYLIC BATH TUB AND SHOWER TRAY