Project report on Rice Mill - Technology Book - Feasibility Report - Market Survey - Industrial Report

MODERN RICE MILL

EIRI Team — Mon, 19 Jul 2021 07:19:25 +0000

Rice is a vital food material for more than half of the world’s population, the importance of which as a food crop has been increasing with increase in population. Rice is regarded as a first cultivated crop of Asia. Preserved rice grains were found in China around 3000 B.C. Paddy grains found during excavation at Hastinapur (India) around 1000-750 B.C. considered as an oldest sample in the world.

Rice has been found in archaeological sites dating to 8000 bc, although the date of rice domestication is a matter of continuing debate. Two species of domesticated rice, Oryza sativa (Asian) and Oryza glaberrima (African) are grown globally. Numerous traits separate wild and domesticated rices including changes in: pericarp colour, dormancy, shattering, panicle architecture, tiller number, mating type and number and size of seeds.

Rice is the world’s largest food crop, providing the caloricneeds of millions of people daily. There are two distincttypes of domesticated rice, Oryza sativa, or Asian riceand Oryza glaberrima, African rice, both of which haveunique domestication histories. In order to examine thevariation selected by humans over our long relationshipwith rice, we must ﬁrst look at the ancestors of ourmodern cultivars. The genus Oryza contains 21 wild rela-tives of the domesticated rices .The genus is divided into four species complexes: the O. sativa, O. ofﬁcialis, O. ridelyi and O. granulata speciescomplexes. All members of the Oryza genus have n ¼12 chromosomes and while interspeciﬁc crossing is possible within each complex, it is difﬁcult to recover fertile off-spring from crosses across complexes. The O. sativa complex contains two domesticatedspecies: O. sativa and O. glaberrima, and ﬁve or six wildspecies: O. ruﬁpogon, O. nivara (also considered to be anecotype of O. ruﬁpogon), O. barthii, O.

longistaminata,O. meridionalis and O. glumaepatula, all of which arediploids. Oryza sativa is distributed globally with a high concentration in Asia, while O. glaberrima is grown inWest Africa. Oryza ruﬁpogon can be found throughoutAsia and Oceania. Oryza barthii and O. longistaminataare African species, O. barthii endemic in West Africaand O. longistaminata is found throughout Africa. Oryzameridionalis is native to Australia and O. glumaepatula isendemic in Central and South America. Given these distributions, it is easy to locate the ancestral pools from which modern rice was extracted. The African cultivarswere domesticated from O. barthii (formally calledO. breviligulata) and O. sativa was domesticatedfrom O. ruﬁpogon. There is still continuing debate overwhether O. ruﬁpogon, the perennial species, O. nivara,the annual species, or possibly both were the direct ancestors of O. sativa.

Origin of Rice

Oryza Sativa, it is believed, is associated with wet, humid climate, though it is not a tropical plant. It is probably a descendent of wild grass that was most likely cultivated in the foothills of the far Eastern Himalayas. Another school of thought believes that the rice plant may have originated in southern India, then spread to the north of the country and then onwards to China. It then arrived in Korea, the Philippines (about 2000 B. C.) and then Japan and Indonesia (about 1000 B. C.). When Alexander the Great invaded India in 327 B. C., it is believed that he took rice back to Greece. Arab travelers took it to Egypt, Morocco and Spain and that is how it travelled all across Europe. Portugal and Netherlands took rice to their colonies in West Africa and then it travelled to America through the ’Columbian Exchange’ of natural resources. But as is traditionally known, rice is a slow starter and this is also true to the fact that it took close to two centuries after the voyages of Columbus for rice to take root in the Americas. Thereafter the journey of rice continues with the Moors taking it to Spain in 700 A. D. and then the Spanish brought rice to South America at the beginning of 17th century. The journey of rice around the world has been slow, but once it took root it stayed and became a major agriculture and economic product for the people. In the Indian subcontinent more than a quarter of the cultivated land is given to rice. It is a very essential part of the daily meal in the southern and eastern parts of India. In the northern and central parts of the subcontinent, where wheat is frequently eaten, rice holds its own and is cooked daily as well as on festivals and special occasions.

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MODERN RICE MILL

EIRI Team — Sat, 28 Apr 2018 11:55:15 +0000

Rice sheller is the process that helps in removal of hulls and bran from Paddy grains to produce polished rice. The objective of rice milling is to get whole grain rice and preserve most of the rice kernel, in their approximate original shape.
In order to improve nutritional and cooking quality of rice, a pre-treatment is given to paddy and the rice so obtained by milling the pretreated paddy is known as parboiled rice. The rice obtained from milling untreated rice is known as raw rice or white rice.
Primary milling of rice is an important activity in food grains. Rice is used in almost all parts of India. Few decades ago, rice grains were processed at family level before cooking. Today, due to Industrialization and global competitive market trend, it has emerged as one of the major industrial activity in tiny, small, medium and large scale sector to cater to the needs of increasing population. Large number of mills engaged in processing/milling of rice are spread over in almost all states across the country. Due to increasing demand the number of rice mills will continue to increase throughout the country.
The input to the Rice mill is paddy whereas the output is parboiled rice and raw /white rice
depending upon whether the pretreatment is given to paddy or not. The objective of milling is to get whole grain rice and preserve most of the rice kernels in their original shape. The
technologies used for rice milling in tiny and small mills are mostly conventional in nature and are not oriented towards minimizing pollution by incorporation of in plant pollution
prevention cum control measures. These units generate substantial amount of pollution, especially air pollution as a result of fugitive emissions from various operations.
The pollution is particularly high in cleaning of paddy, parboiling of paddy and milling of rice. Primary and secondary cleaning of paddy gives rise to solid waste and fugitive emission in the work environment. The coal or husk fired boiler generates fly ash, suspended particulate matter, smoke, and oxides of carbon. Residents of nearby towns suffer due to pollution generated by rice mills. Though some of changes are being brought in production processes to improve the efficiency and lowering the cost of production etc., as regards to pollution abatement & control it remains mostly unsatisfactory. A Civil Writ came up for hearing before the Punjab and Haryana High Court recently and during hearing, the Hon’ble Court had passed an interim order-“It be made known as to why rice husk etc. cannot mandatory be required to be stored, after expulsion by the machine, directly into an enclosed area, so that it does not in any way get out of the factory premises on to the crops/passing vehicles/any residence made in open fields/on farm workers, at all.” In compliance of the orders passed by the court, Punjab Pollution Control Board carried out a study so that some immediate action could be taken to prevent air pollution in the surrounding areas by following enclosed storage practices. The study included inspection of shellers of different capacities, measures taken by these shellers to store the Rice Husk in an environmentally sound manner, adequacy of the enclosure provided around the rice husk storage area, etc. After going through recommendations of the study, court expressed that problem of spillage of Rice Husk could not be solved without providing air tight enclosures. The court also expressed that loading/handling of Rice Husk should be inside the air tight enclosure, so as to rule out any possibility of rice husk particles becoming air borne. The handling and proper disposal of Rice Husk Ash is also a big problem. The ash deposited in the nearby areas is causing health impacts to humans as well as plants.
Keeping in view the orders passed by the court and the gravity of air pollution caused by this sector, Central Pollution Control Board entrusted a project on ‘framing the guidelines for sitting of rice shellers/mills; handling and storage of rice husk and handling; storage and disposal of ash generated in boiler using rice husk as fuel’ to Federation of Indian Chambers for Commerce and Industry, so as to improve the environmental performance of the rice mills.
INTRODUCTION
OVER VIEW OF RICE SHELLER
USES AND APPLICATION
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
MARKET SURVEY
INSTALLED CAPACITY, PRODUCTION AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION OF RICE
APPARENT CONSUMPTION OF RICE
ESTIMATED DEMAND
DEMAND SUPPLY GAP
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF RICE SHELLER
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR RICE SHELLER
AVERAGE YIELD OF RICE FROM PADDY
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF WHITE RICE (RAW)
PROCESS FLOW SHEET OF WHITE RICE (RAW)
EMISSION ASSESSMENT IN RICE SHELLER
SELECTION OF RICE PROCESSING UNIT FOR STUDY
HANDLING AND STORAGE OF RICE HUSK AND DISPOSABLE OF BOILER ASH 30
EMISSION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
SOURCES OF FUGITIVE EMISSIONS IN RICE MILLS
EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM ADOPTED BY RICE PROCESSING UNIT
CONTROL SYSTEMS ADOPTED
PLANT LAYOUT
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES
ADDRESSES OF FOREIGN MACHINERIES SUPPLIERS FOR RICE SHELLER

APPENDIX – A:

1.     COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.     LAND & BUILDING
3.     PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.     FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.     RAW MATERIAL
6.     SALARY AND WAGES
7.     UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.     TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.     COST OF PRODUCTION
10.     PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.     BREAK EVEN POINT
12.     RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.     INTEREST CHART
14.     DEPRECIATION CHART
15.     CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.     PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

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MODERN RICE MILL

EIRI Team — Tue, 18 Nov 2014 07:24:05 +0000

Rice is one of the oldest food crop and has been in cultivation in India, China, Java and East Africa since ancient times. India differs from China and other secondary regions of cultivation by the presence of dominant genes in its varieties. There are two species of cultivated Rice :

(i) Oryza Sativa of Asian Origin and
(11) Oryza Glaberrina or Red Rice .

Project Report Covers:

Introduction
Uses and Applications
Properties
Market Survey with future aspects
Present Manufacturers
B.I.S. Specifications
Manufacturing Process with Formulae
Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
Capacity
Land & Building Requirements with Rates
List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
Raw Materials
Details/List and Costs
Power & Water Requirements
Labour/Staff Requirements
Utilities and Overheads
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Cost of Production
Break Even Point
Profitability
Land Man Ratio
Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

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RICE MILL

EIRI Team — Wed, 29 Oct 2014 10:43:33 +0000

Rice is one of the most important food grains. To setup the rice mill in India, All the plant and equipments are available in India. Rice is being sold in India and well as having a great demand in Export market. It is used in almost all homes as eatables. It has good filling capacity as a food grains. Following is a list mentioning 15 of India’s major trading partners– countries that imported the most Indian shipments by dollar value during 2017. Also mentioning is each import country’s percentage of total Indian exports.

United States: US$46.3 billion (15.7% of total Indian exports)
United Arab Emirates: $30.1 billion (10.2%)
Hong Kong: $15.2 billion (5.2%)
China: $12.7 billion (4.3%)
Singapore: $11.7 billion (3.89%)
United Kingdom: $9.1 billion (3.2%)
Germany: $8.3 billion (2.9%)
Vietnam: $8.2 billion (2.8%)
Bangladesh: $7.3 billion (2.5%)
Belgium: $6.3 billion (2.2%)
Italy: $5.8 billion (1.92%)
Malaysia: $5.6 billion (1.92%)
Nepal: $5.6 billion (1.93%)
Netherlands: $5.5 billion (1.9%)
Saudi Arabia: $5.3 billion (1.9%)

Each ‘EIRI’ MARKET OVERVIEW CUM DETAILED TECHNO ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY REPORT (Complete Report) tentatively covers
•   Introduction
•   Properties
•   BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) Specifications & Requirements
•   Uses & Applications
•   Present Indian Market Overview/Position
•   Export & Import Statistics Data
•   Names and Addresses of Existing Units (Present Manufactures)
•   List of Plant & Machineries
•   Miscellaneous Items and Accessories
•   Instruments, Laboratory Equipments and Accessories
•   Electrification, Electric Load and Water
•   Maintenance, Suppliers/Manufacturers of Plant and Machineries
•   Manufacturing Process with Formulations (If applicable)
•   Flow Sheet Diagram
•   List of Raw Materials
•   Availability of Raw Materials
•   Requirement of Staff & Labour
•   Personnel Management
•   Skilled & Unskilled Labour
•   Requirement of Land Area
•   Built up Area
•   Plant Layout
Along with financial details as under:
•   Summary of Capital Cost of Project
•   Land & Side Development Exp.
•   Buildings
•   Plant & Machineries
•   Misc. Fixed Assets
•   Technical Know how Fees & Exp.
•   Preliminary Expenses
•   Pre-operative Expenses
•   Provision for Contingencies
Below mentioned financial statements (Annexure) will be for 5 to 10 Years
•   Annexure:: Cost of Project and Means of Finance
•   Annexure:: Output, Profitability and Cash Flow Chart
•   Annexure:: Assessment of Working Capital requirements
•   Annexure:: Sources of Finance
•   Annexure:: Balance Sheets
•   Annexure:: Break-Even Analysis and profitability analysis.
•   Annexure:: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks
•   Annexure:: Sales Realisation
•   Annexure:: Raw Material Cost
•   Annexure:: Other Raw Material Cost
•   Annexure:: Packing Material Cost
•   Annexure:: Consumables, Store etc.,
•   Annexure:: Employees Expenses
•   Annexure:: Fuel Expenses
•   Annexure:: Power/Electricity Expenses
•   Annexure:: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.
•   Annexure:: Other Mfg. Expenses
•   Annexure:: Administration Expenses
•   Annexure:: Selling Expenses
•   Annexure:: Depreciation Charges - Profitability
•   Annexure:: Depreciation Charges
•   Annexure:: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans
•   Annexure:: Tax on Profit
•   Annexure:: Assumptions for Profitability workings
•   Annexure:: Assessment of Working Capital

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CULTIVATION OF RICE & WHEAT COMMERCIAL & MECHANISED DEVELOPMENT

EIRI Team — Tue, 22 Oct 2013 01:25:42 +0000

ABOUT ETHIOPIA: The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is located in the north-eastern part of Africa commonly known as the Horn of Africa. It is strategically proximate to the Middle East and Europe, together with its easy access to the major ports of the region, enhances its international trade. It is bordered by the Sudan in the west, Somalia and Djibouti in the east, Eritrea in the north and Kenya in the south. The country covers 1,112,000 square kilometres (472,000 sq. miles) making it roughly as large as France and Spain combined and is five times the size of the UK. From the north and running down the centre are the Abyssinian highlands. To the west of the chain the land drops to the grasslands of Sudan, to the east to the deserts of the Afar. South of Addis Ababa, the land is dominated by the Rift Valley Lakes. Ethiopia's central plateau varies in height between 2,000 and 3,000 metres. In the north and centre of the country there are some 25 mountains whose peaks rise over 4,000 metres (13,200ft), the highest being Ras Dashen at 4,543 metres (14,538ft).

DETAILED FEASIBILITY REPORT COVERS:

Introduction
Uses and Applications
Properties
Market Survey with future aspects
Present Manufacturers
B.I.S. Specifications
Manufacturing Process with Formulae
Plant Layout
Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
Capacity
Land & Building Requirements with Rates
List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
Raw Materials
Details/List and Costs
Power & Water Requirements
Labour/Staff Requirements
Utilities and Overheads
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Cost of Production
Break Even Point
Profitability
Land Man Ratio
Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

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Rice sheller – modern rice mill project report

EIRI Team — Thu, 10 Oct 2013 13:14:04 +0000

Rice sheller is the process that helps in removal of hulls and Bran from paddy grains to produce polished rice. The objective of Rice milling is to get whole grain rice and preserve most of the Rice kernel, in their approximate original shape. In order to Improve nutritional and cooking quality of rice, a pre-treatment Is given to paddy and the rice so obtained by milling the Pretreated paddy is known as parboiled rice. The rice obtained From milling untreated rice is known as raw rice or white rice. Primary milling of rice is an important activity in food grains. Rice is used in almost all parts of india. Few decades ago, rice Grains were processed at family level before cooking. Today, due To industrialization and global competitive market trend, it has Emerged as one of the major industrial activity in tiny, small, Medium and large scale sector to cater to the needs of increasing Population. Large number of mills engaged in processing/milling Of rice are spread over in almost all states across the country. Due to increasing demand the number of rice mills will continue To increase throughout the country.

Project Report covers:

Introduction
Uses and Applications
Properties
Market Survey with future aspects
Present Manufacturers
B.I.S. Specifications
Manufacturing Process with Formulae
Plant Layout
Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
Capacity
Land & Building Requirements with Rates
List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
Raw Materials
Details/List and Costs
Power & Water Requirements
Labour/Staff Requirements
Utilities and Overheads
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Cost of Production
Break Even Point
Profitability
Land Man Ratio
Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

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