COMPLETE HAND BOOK ON PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRIES

(Food Packaging, Food Cans, Tin Plate Containers, Cashew Packaging, Canned  Food Storage, Aerosol Packing, Paint Packing, Crowns, Packaging of Dehydrated Products, Traditional Food Packaging, Lined Cartons, Hollow Containers, Plastic Packaging, Blow Moulded Plastic Container)

FOOD PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY

• Introduction
• Functions of Food Packaging
• Microwavable soup and sandwich combination in which the package and product are specifically designed for thawing and heating in a home microwave oven.
• Requirements for Effective Food Packaging
• A modern high speed packaging line for filling paperboard based  cartons with liquid foods and beverages such as milk or soups.
• Percentage of Packaging Used for Different Products
• Plastic tubes containing dairy products with inner membrane seals for tamper evidency
• Types of containers
• Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary
• Form fill seal packaging
• Some standard designs for secondary corrugated shipping cartons based on international case code 0200
• Automated palletizing and rotating stretch wrapping system for stabilizing unit (tertiary) loads prior to removal with a fork lift truck
• A vacuum form fill seal (FFS) process commonly used to package processed
• metals such as trank furters, mozzarella cheese, and other
• products
• Hemetic Closure
• Metal sheets being prepared for can making
• Food Packaging Materials and Forms
• One method of forming pouches using vertical form fill seal machines Pouches can also be formed on horizontal machines
• Projected Dollar Value of Packaging in the United States
• Metal
• Types of Steel base Required for General Classes of Food products
• General Types of Can coatings
• Metal Cans
• Can Construction
• Can Corrosion
• Comparison of the steps in manufacturing three piece soldered side seam, three piece  welded side, drawn and redrawn two piece, drawn and ironed two piece metal cans.
• A tin coated can acts as a galvanic cell where tin (Sn) is a sacrifical anode and protects the iron (Fe) from corrosion
• Can sizing
• Glass
• Selected Standard can sizes and Volumes
• Glass Containers
• Forming glass containers by the blow and blow and press and blow techniques
• Paper, Paperboard and Fiberboard
• Plastics
• Typical glass container closures commonly used for foods and beverages
• General Characteristics of Packaging Films
• Permeability and Chemical Properties of Packaging Films
• Mechanical Properties of Packaging Films
• Laminates
• Retortable Pouches and Trays
• Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) of Aluminium Foil Laminates
• Flexible laminants are used to package a comple meal including retorted entree for military use by soldiers in the field
• edible Films
• Meal Ready to Eat Individual
• Two or more different polymers can be  combined into a multiple laye film or sheet by forcng different melted plastics through a single slit die
• Extruder “A”
• Extruder “B”
• Wood and Cloth Materials
• Package testing
• Method for determining the gas transmission rate (i.e. permeability) of a plastic film (specimen) by measuring the concentration of test gas in a reference gas which is separated from the test gas by the plastic film
• Packages with special features
• Microwave Oven Packaging
• Cooked and processed meats packaged in shrink films
• Typical manufacturing  technology for depositing very small amounts of aluminium on hightemperature plastic films used to heat foods by conduction in a microwave oven
• High Barrier Plastic Bottles
• Aseptic Packaging in Composite Cartons
• Aseptic packaging system using form till seal technique
• Military Food Packaging
• Newer Methods of Cooking and Food Service
• Packaging and Communication
• Distribution Packaging
• Color and Symbolism in Packaging for Asian Markets
• Safety of food packaging
• Migration from Plastics
• Contamination
• Environmental considerations
• Composition of solid municipal waste by (A) type of material and (B) by type of product
• Reduction in  the amount of packaging used (i.e source reduction) by making products more concentrated

BIO BASED PLASTICS FOR PACKAGING 

• Introduction
• Sources and classification
• Optimal food packaging and chaltenges
• Type of Food  and Packaging Requirement
• Modifications
• Bio Nano Composites
• Use of Additives
• Clay
• Edible Films
• Coatng of Films
• Protein Films
• Protein Films
• PLA Silicate
• Addition of Plasticizers
• Structure of a multi layer film
• Active packaging
• Multilayer films
• Protein coating on a synthetic film
• Protein coating on a synthetic film
• Compounding
• Conclusion

METAL FOOD CANS

• 3 Piece Soldered
• Steel Food can Technologies
• 3 Piece Welded
• Drawn Cans
• 2 Piece Single Draw
• 2 Piece  DRD
• 2 Piece DWI
• Matching can to product
• Fruit
• Pressure Processed Products
• Vegetables
• Meats and  Fish
• Shaped Cans
• TFS
• Printed Cans

TIN PLATE CONTAINERS FOR PHARMACEUTICALS, FOODS AND COSMETICS

• Manufacturing Process
• Can Sealants

TINPLATE CONTAINER FOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS PACKAGING 

• Introduction
• Modern Trends
• Industry Trends
• New State of Art Technologies
• Tin Plate for Fruit and Vegetable Products
• Composition of base steel plate
• Different types of steel plate
• Developments in tinplate manufacture
• Designations and normal coating weights
• Structure of tincoating
• Light tin coated steel (LTS)
• Double cold rolled tinplate (2 CR) or Double reduced tinplate (DR)
• Developments in can fabrication
• Two Piece Cans
• Drawn Thin Redraw (DTR) and precision sidewall thickness control (PSTC) process
• Packaging of fruit and vegetable products in tinplate container
• Acid resistant facquered cans
• Sulphur resistant lacquered cans
• High Tin Fillet (HTF) can
• Corrosion Problem in food cans and its inhibition
• Quality control tests
• Thickness of tinplate
• Grain structure of tincoating
• Coating continuity (porosty) test
• Tin oxide
• Chromium in passivation layers
• Special property tests
• Physical tests
• Tests for lacquer
• BIS specification for OTS can for fruit and Vegetable products
• Tincoating
• Standards for metal containers

PACKAGING OF CASHEWS

• Introduction
• Issues
• Opportunity
• Actions
• Conclusion

SHELF LIFE OF CANNED FOOD

• Optimum Storage Conditions
• Typical shelf lives of canned foods under optimum storage conditions
• Nutritional Aspects of Canned Foods
• Processing Can Increase as Well as Decrease Nutritional Value in Foods
• Increased Energy
• Restoration
• Food Tailoring
• The effect of Heat processing on Nutrients
• Vitamins and minerals
• proteins
• Carbhydrates and Fats
• The effect of Storage on the Nutrient Content of Canned Food
• Nutritional Value Research (NVR) Studies
• Comparison of the Nutrient Content of Canned and Fresh Food as Eaten
• The Products Tested
• Study No. 2 (NVR II) Nutrient Content of Prepared
• Canned Foods
• Product Tested
• Nutritional Value Research study (NVR I)
• Nutritional Index (NI)

AEROSOL CONTAINERS PACKAGING 

• Selection and Application
• Container Selection
• Container Application

PACKAGING OF PAINTS

• Introduction
• Tinplate Containers
• Requirements of Oil Pant Packaging
• Can Manufacturing Process
• Stage (i)
• Stage (ii)
• Stage (iii)
• Recent Trends

MANUFACTURE OF CROWNS

• Introduction
• Functions of a Closure System
• Usage
• Raw Materials
• The Metal
• Decorative/Protective Finishes
• Functions
• Attributes
• Decoration System
• Components of decoration system
• Size
• Coating
• Inks
• Varnish
• Lacquer
• Additives/Solvents etc.
• Classification of Materials
• Sealing Liner
• Manufacturing process
• Sheet Squaring/Trimming
• Metal Decoration
• Roller Coating
• Litho Printing
• Artwork
• Colour Separation
• Step and Repeat
• The Plate Making
• Printing
• Sliting
• Sheet Lubrication
• Crown Forming
• Crown Lining
• Counting
• Packing
• Other System Components
• Glass Bottles
• The commonly Encountered defects
• Crown Sealing
• Hopper
• Chute
• Platform
• Throat
• Plunger
• Springs
• Compensation
• Baseplate
• Guides/Star wheels
• Common Crowner Problems
• Improper Crimping
• Off Centred Crimping
• Bottle Breakage
• Bottles Hanging on Throat
• Bottles Hanging on Platform
• Bottle Neck Crushing
• performance
• Gas Retention
• Crown
• Bottles
• Crowner
• Storage & Transportation
• Testing Variables
• Corrosion
• Information  Required
• Rusting at What Stage
• Pattern of Rusting
• Basic Concepts Risk Factors
• Humidity
• Salinity
• Acidic Ambient Conditions
• Break in Protective Films
• Dusting
• Flow of Crowns
• Quality Assurance
• Quality Assurance Scheme
• Raw Materials Inspection
• Tinplate/Tfs
• Decoration Materials Liquids
• Decoration Material Inks
• Liners
• Process Control
• Pre Squaring
• Printing
• Manufacturing
• Finish Inspection
• Parameters
• Crown Defects
• GMP
• QC at Customer’s End
• In Coming Checks
• Storage
• Process Control
• Equipment
• Post Filling Storage
• Transport of filled Bottles
• Retailer

PACKAGES OF DEHYDRATED PRODUCTS 

• Orientation
• Metallization
• Co-extrusion of multilayer films
• Stretch blow moulding
• Thermoform fill sealing
• Package forms and techniques
• Aseptic packaging
• Retortable containers
• Modified and controlled atmosphere packaging
• Skin, shrink and cling film packaging
• Micro ovenable containers
• Other package forms and components of plastics

TRADITIONAL FOOD PACKAGING

• Introduction
• Traditional food packaging technologies food systems
• Women and Food Processing
• Upgrading of Food Packaging
• Food preservation principles and their integration with food packaging
• Food Unit Operations
• Cold preservation
• heat preservation
• Fermentation preservation
• Reduction of available water
• Pickling or Curing Preservation
• Chemical preservation
• Gas environemnt control
• Combination and assorted methods
• The influence of packaging on biochemical and microbiological changes in foods
• Biochemical changes
• Microbilogical changes
• The influence of packaging on physical and chemical changes in food
• Physical changes
• Chemical changes
• Toxicity
• Trace Elements
• The influence of packaging on flavour, colour, texture, moisture and oxygen transfer in foods
• Retention or exclusionof volatile odours
• Colour and texture
• Moisture and oxygen transfer
• Prevention of ingress of moisture
• Preventionof loss of moisture
• Intermediate conditions
• A guide to the range of  foods and microorganisms on the equilibrium relative humidity scale
• Air and oxygen transfer
• Removal of oxygen
• Building up of carbon dioxide
• Gas tight packs
• The influence of packaging on the resistance of a food product to temperature changes and light damage
• Temperature
• Light
• Case studies of some traditional foods and their packaging
• Indonesla
• Sudan
• Dried fruits and vegetables
• Thailand
• Mexico
• Nigeria
• India
• The importance of food packaging in FAO programmes
• new project proposals

LINED CARTONS FOR PACKAGING OF FOOD PRODUCTS 

• Compansion between a standard lined carton and a bag in box
• Concept of lined carton packaging system
• Constituents of a lined carton packaging system
• Manufacture of lined cartons
• Sequence of Operation
• Printng
• Varnish /Lamination
• Punching
• Folding and Lining
• Carton filling and sealing machines
• Machine operation costs
• Characteristics of machines
• Sequence of operation
• Vacuum and Gas Flushing
• Cnstituents of the lined carton
• Substance of board for weight of unit pack
• Tests
• Quality parameters of board
• Performance properties of Lined cartons
• Linears
• Barrier properties of liners
• Barier metallised film poperties
• Peel bond strength of laminations
• Criteria for the selection of liners
• Versatility of lined cartons
• Flexibility
• Minimising Labour Expenses
• Products
• Easy Dispensability
• Product Package Compatibility
• Future prospects of the lined carton packaging system

PRODUCTION OF HOLLOW CONTAINERS

• General
• Fill products and dosing systems
• Package production, filling and sealing takes place in the blow mold of a compact automated machine
• The packages manufactured by this system can be recognized by their hermetic closures, which has been molded, after production of the hollow container, for the still warm upper part of the extruded parison
• Usable resins
• Process methods
• Synchronized operation with single parison extrusion
• Working process
• Structural components for the manufacture of hollow containers
• Plastic granulate or plastic powder is supplied via the hopper
• The mold unit 5-7 is moved from the extrusion station under the blow/fill set 14
• Upon extension of the fill noule out of mandrel cone, 9 the exhaust line 16 for the ballooning air used for the forming is freed
• The blow/fill set 14 retracts to the upper basic position
• Synchronized operation with central parison extrusion
• In single parison extrusion up to six parisons are technically feasible, depending on the type of plastic material used.
• The diameter of the central parison, after having been formed into an  oval by a parison clamp is slightly wider than the total width of the multicavity mold.
• In central parison extrusion, a central parison, several mold cavities wide, is extruded
• These ampoule blocks are made of extruded cental parisons
• Synchronized operation with double shuttle moulds
• With the double shuttle operation the machine output can be doubled
• Continuous operation with single parison extrusion
• Continuous operation with central parison extrusion
• Special machines for various fil products
• Packaging of explosive fill products
• Aspetic packaging of liquids
• The molded hermetic closure
• Examples for use
• The chemical industrial field is not only comprised of aggressive toxic or combustible chemicals
• Daily products, baby food and soft drinks are packed under aseptic conditions
• Only collapsible plastic packagings allow the application of infusions with giving sets.

PLASTICS PACKAG   

• Introduction
• Flexible packaging
• Thrust areas
• Retort Pouch Food Production
• Breathable films
• Multipurpose FFs  Machne
• Hayssen Snack food packaging systems
• Aseptic packaging
• Aseptic filling operation
• Factors of importance
• Aseptic transfer
• Internal storage, transport and handling
• Bulk aseptic packaging Filler
• Automatic filling
• Multilayer barrier (PET bottles
• Blow moulded industrial packaging
• Sme new trends in blow moulding
• Blow moulding foam technology (BFT)
• 3-D blow mouldng of containers
• Thin gauge form fill seal machines
• Packaging for electrostatic discharge protection
• Form, Fill And Seal (FFS) Line
• Miscellaneous
• Some uncommon sealing methods for plastics films and rigid containers
• Biodegradable plastics (films)
• Spray coated copolyester provides a moisture barrier on natural composite hot and cold cups now being introduced at fast outlets
• Biodegradable polymers enhance the properties of fresh produce and meat trays now being  thermoformed out of starch
• Recycling of tetrapack waste
• Wrap up

BLOW MOULDED PLASTIC CONTAINERS High density polyethylene blow moulded products for entrepreneurs 

• Versatile process of blow moulding
• Versatile machinery of blow moulding
• Versatile products out of blow moulding
• Major applications of blow moulded products
• Consumer goods
• Industrial
• Versatile advanages of blow moulded products
• Blow moulding machinery India
• New developments in blow moulding machinery
• New developments in blow moulds
• Blow Moulders
• Conclusion

PRINTING OF FLEXIBLE PACKAGING MATERIALS

• Printing on Films/Laminates
• Flexographic printing
• Gravure printing
• Screen printing
• Flexo  Graphic Printing
• Lithographic Printing
• Gravure Printing
• Inks and varnishes for printing of flexible packaging
• Flexographic Inks
• Gravure inks
• Water Based ink systems
• Print Evaluation

PLANT ECONOMICS OF AIR BUBBLE PACKAGING FILM

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF ALUMINIUM BEVERAGE CANS

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF ALUMINIUM FOIL CUTTING AND ROLL MAKING 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF BRAKE OIL, COOLANT AND PACKING OF LUBE OIL AND GREASES

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

 PLANT ECONOMICS OF CARTON FOR DISTILLERY

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF CORRUGATED BOXES (AUTOMATIC PLANT)

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF COSMETICS AND PLASTICS  PACKAGING MATERIALS MANUFACTURING 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF DISPOSABLE PLASTIC CUPS, GLASS ETC

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF FLEXIBLE PACKAGING AND ROTOGRAVURE PRINTING

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF FOLDING CARTONS/MONO CARTONS

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF FOOD PACKAGING INDUSTRY

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF JUTE BAGS AND PACKAGING PRODUCTS 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF MONO CARTONS WITH PRINTING 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF PACCKAGED COCONUT WATER (COCO JAL)

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF PACKAGED DRINKING WATER 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF PAPER PACKAGING 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PROJECT PROFILE  OF PILFER PROOF CAPS 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PROJECT PROFILE  OF POLY PACKS OF POLYETHENE FILM 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PROJECT PROFILE  OF POUCHES FILLING AND PACKAGING OF EDIBLE OIL & GHEE 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PROJECT PROFILE  OF PRINTED TIN CONTAINERS 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PROJECT PROFILE  OF PROCESSING AND RETAIL PACKING OF FOOD GRAIN PULSES, SPICES ETC.

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PROJECT PROFILE  OF RICE POLISHING AND PACKING

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PROJECT PROFILE  OF SUGAR CANE JUICE IN TETRAPACK

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PROJECT PROFILE  OF  TEA PACKAGING 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PROJECT PROFILE  OF THERMOCOLE BASED DISPOSABLE PLATES, CUPS AND GLASSES

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

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PEPPERMINT OIL

• Standards
• Extraction of peppermint oil
• Chemical constituents
• Evaluation
• Spectroscopic study of Mentha oils
• Quantitative determination of Pulegone by Gas Liquid Chromatography
• Uses
• Hot flushes in women
• Irritable Bowel Syndrowm
• Antimicrobial and antiplasmid activities
• Postoperative Nausea
• Against herpes simplex virus
• Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action
• Treatment of Nervous Disorders and Mental Fatigue
• Indigestion
• Other Uses
• Aidehydes and sesquiterpenes also play a role
• Genotoxicity
• Side effects
• Vascular permeability
• Contraindications
• Precautions

CORIANDER (DHANIA)

• Common Indian names
• Composition and uses
• The essential and fatty oils of the fruits
• Medical uses
• Antioxidant Activity
• Antidiabetic Activity
• Anti-microbial Activity
• Anti Mutagenic Activity
• Anthelmintic Activity
• Sedative Hypnotic Activity
• Anticonvulsant activity
• diuretric
• Cholesterol lowering Activity
• Protective role against Lead Toxicity
• Antifungal activity and potential synergism with Amphotericin B
• Aroma characterization of Coriander
• Antifeedant Activity
• Anti Cancer
• Anti Anxiety Activity
• Hepatoprotective Activity
• Anti Protoxoal Activity
• Gastric Mucosal Protective Activity
• Post Coital Antifertility Activity
• Heavy Metal Detoxification
• Use of the fruits as a spice
• Use of the green herb as a spice and vegetable
• Use of the essential oil of the fruits
• Use of the fatty oil of the fruits
• Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Essential Oil from Corander Fruits
• Experimental
• Results and discussions
• Conclusions

VANILLA

• Growing Vanilla
• Processing Vanilla
• Vanilla Industry
• Chemistry
• Volatiles
• Medicinal properties
• Antimicrobial property
• Antioxidant property
• Antigenotoxic effect

CINNAMON AND CASSIA 

• Botany and uses
• Method of cultivation of cinnamon
• Climatic Requirements
• Soil Requirements
• Propagation
• Raising of Seedlings
• Cultivation of Cinnamon Trees
• Fertilizer Schedule
• Irrigation
• Coppicing
• Harvesting
• Post harvest management
• Peeling of the inner bark
• Drying the Peels
• Grading of Cinnamon Rolls
• Preparation
• Chemistry
• Medicinal and Pharmacological uses
• Cinnamon
• Antioxidant activity
• Anti inflammatory activity
• Antidiabetic activity
• Antipyretic and analgesic effects
• Immunological effects
• Antibacterial activity
• Antimicrobial activities
• Insecticiidal activity
• Nematicidal activity
• Cassia
• Anti-ulcerogenic activity
• Pesticidal activity
• C.tamala
• Antifungal activity
• Antidermatophytic activity

AJOWAN

• Botany and Uses
• Botany
• Chemistry
• Mineral nutrition and oil composition
• Medicinal and Pharmacological Properties
• Antibacterial activity
• Antioxidant activity
• Phytomedicine

SAFFRON (KESAR)

• Etymology
• Species
• Description
• Cultivation
• Spice
• Chemistry
• Grades
• Varieties
• Trade and use
• Analysis of volatile components in saffron
• Experimental Chemicals and materials
• Extraction procedure
• GCMS analysis
• Statistical treatment of essential oil
• Results and Discussion
• Comparison of extraction solvent
• Growing of Saffron
• Soil and location
• Soil preparation
• Setting out the saffron bed
• Precautions
• Precautions against predators
• Avoiding diseases

DILL (SATAPUSHPI)

• Cultivation
• Properties
• Medicianl use
• Dosage
• Remedies
• Aromatheraphy
• Blends
• Flower Essence
• Ritual Use
• Cosmetic Uses
• Other uses
• Toxicity
• Culinary Uses

ANISEED (SAUNF)

• Botany and Uses
• General Composition
• Chemistry
• Volatiles
• Non volatiles
• Phenolic acids
• Flavonoids
• Medicinal and Pharmacological Properties
• Antispasmodic
• Anti Inflammatory
• Anti Ulcer effect
• Antifungal activity
• Insecticidal activity
• Antibacterial activity

ASAFOETIDA (HEENG)

• Different names and etymology of the condiment
• Different Names
• Distribution
• Ferula narthex
• Ferula galbaniflua (Galbanum)
• Various methods of extraction Asafoetida from Ferula sp. in different countries
• Cultivation
• Chemical composition
• Essential oil
• Chemistry and Phamacology
• Pharmacological chemical and anti bacterial properties
• Test for Asafoetida
• Genuine Asafoetida in India
• Discussion and Conclusion

GARCINIA (KOKUM)

• Traditional processing of the fruit
• Uses
• Chemistry
• Volatiles
• Non-volatiles
• Hydroxycitric acid ((-)-HCA)
• Regulation of fatty acid synthesis through (-)-HCA
• Xanthone
• Medicinal and Pharmacological Uses
• Antioxidant
• Anti-inflammatory agent
• Analgesic
• Astringent
• Hepatotic tonic
• Cancer suppressant
• Anti-HIV agent
• Antibacterial agent
• Antiobesity factor
• Vetennary medicine
• Other medicinal uses
• Conclusion

NUTMEG AND MACE (JAYAPHALA)

• Chemistry
• Fixed Oil
• Mace oil
• Leaf oil
• Flower oil
• Pericarp oil
• Non-volatiles
• Lignans
• Medicinal and Pharmacological
• Uses
• Antimicrobial activity
• Insecticidal activity
• Hypolipidaemic effect
• Antioxidant activity
• Antiamoebic activity
• Nematicidal activity
• Antibacterial activity
• Anticancer activity
• Antifungal activity
• Anticariogenic activity
• Antimicrobial activity
• Neurotoxicity

BLACK CUMIN (NIGELLA SATIVA) (KALA jEERA)

• Common names
• Characteristics
• The Health Benefits of Black Seed (Nigella sativa)
• For Cough and Asthma
• Cystic fibrosis
• Diabetes
• Diarrhea
• Dry Cough
• Eye diseqase & imparied vision
• Facial paralysis & tetanus
• Flu & nasal congestion
• Gall stones & kidney stones
• Remember
• Asthma, Bronchial & Respiratory problems
• Backache & other kinds of rheumatism
• Beard growth
• Breast feeding (increase the flow of breast milk)
• Common cold symptoms and nasal congestion
• For Hypertension
• For Heart complaints & Constriction of Veins
• Inflammation of the Nose and throat
• For Headache and Ear ache
• For Loss of Hair & premature Graying
• For Eye infection, Pain and Weak sight
• For Backache and Rheumatic pain
• For Vomiting
• For toothache

POPPYSEEDS (KHUS KHUS)

• Indian Names
• Nutural history
• Use in food and cooking
• Intact seeds
• Paste
• Use by cuisine
• European cuisine
• Jewish cuisine
• Indian cuisine
• Medicinal uses of Opium (Poppy Seeds)
• About Opium or Poppy Seeds
• Common and Botanical Names
• Primary Medicinal Uses
• Nerve Disorders
• Diarrhea
• Sleeplessness
• Effective Coolant
• Good Cholesterol levels
• Body Resistance
• Kidney Stones
• Rich Source of Nutrients
• Pain Reliever
• Additional Uses
• Poppy Seed Oil
• Cooking
• Asthma
• Black circles
• Itching
• Omamental Plant
• Drugs
• Precautions
• False poitive drug tests
• International Travellers

CELERY (AJAMODA)

• Etymology
• Taxonomy
• Cultivation
• Harvesting and storage
• Uses
• Medicine
• Nutrition
• Celery, raw
• Allergies
• Chemistry
• Volatiles
• Non-volatiles
• Medicinal and Pharmacological Uses
• Treatment for rheumatism
• Treatment for urinary disorders
• Digestive remedy
• Cure for nervous disorders
• Antimicrobial activity
• Other medicinal uses
• Cultural depictions

SEASAME OIL

• Composition
• Sesame oil Specifications
• Manufacture of sesame oil
• Manufacturing process
• Varieties
• Uses
• Cooking
• Traditional uses in India
• Industrial uses
• Alternative medicine
• Vitamins and minerals
• Blood pressure
• Oil pulling
• General claims
• Adverse effects
• Dehulled and Roasted Seasame Oil Processing Unit
• Raw Material Availability
• Market Opoortunities
• Project description
• Applications
• Capacity of the Project
• Manufacturing process
• Seasame Processing for Dehulled Seasame seed & Oil
• Plant and Machinery

CURRYLEAF

• Botany
• Composition
• Chemistry
• Volatile oils
• Carbazole alkaloids
• Lipids
• Medicinal and Pharmacological Uses
• Antioxidant
• Antimicrobial
• Anti inflammatory
• Antidiabetic
• Pesticidal properties
• Other uses
• Industrial uses
• Plant growth inhibitors
• Effect on female sex hormones

BAY LEAF (BAY PATTI)

• Botany
• Chemistry
• Extraction of  volatiles
• Constituents of essential oil
• Seasonal variation
• Medicinal and Pharmacological Uses
• Antimicrobial activity
• Inhibitors of nitric oxide
• Inhibitors of nitric oxide production
• Antifungal activity
• Anticonvulsant
• Insecticidal

SEASONING OF SPICES (FORMULAE)

• The technology of flavours
• New flavour technologies
• Modern Flavour Treatment Techniques
• Drying
• Partial drying at low pressure by steam and lyophilisation
• Partial drying at low pressure by steam
• Lyophilisation
• Grinding (Conching)
• Conching of nuts and seeds
• Concentration
• Cold concentrate
• Confit
• Cold confits
• Extraction
• Historical perspective and complexity
• Types of aromatic substances
• Types of natural extractions
• Essential oils
• Oleoresins
• CO2 Extracts
• Absolutes
• Aromas in haute cuisine
• Value Addition and New Product Development
• Pharmacological aspects
• Chemopreventive and anticancerous

MASALA FORMULAE FOR VARIOUS CUISINES

• Chaat masala
• Fruit chaat masala
• Chaat Masala
• Rajma Masala
• Sambar powder recipe
• South Indian Sambar Powder
• Directions
• Nutritional Facts
• Biryani Pulao Masala
• Chai Tea Masala
• Dessert Masala
• Basic Curry Powder
• 15-Spice Curry Powder
• Goan Curry Powder
• Gujarati Curry Powder with Coriannder and Cumin
• Marathi Curry Powder with Coconut and Seasame Seeds
• Kashmiri Curry Powder with Fennel Seeds and Ginger
• Kashmiri Ratia Masala
• Home made Channa Masala Powder
• Chicken/Meat Masala Powder
• Meat Masala (South Indian Garam Masala)
• Meat Masala with Cumin and peanuts

KURKURE TYPE SNACKS

• Ingredient
• Flavoured Kurkure
• Ingredient
• Corn and tortilla chips popcorn and crackers
• Cheese seasonings for extruded snacks
• Procedure

CO-EXTRUDED SNACKS FORMULATIONS

• Savory Snack
• Ingredient
• Filling
• Sweet Snack
• Ingredient
• Filling

POTAO CHIPS SPICES AND OTHER SPICE FORMULAE

• Dehydrated Potato chips
• Pickle Flavoured Uncle Chips
• Pudina Flavoured Kashmiri Garam Masala
• Punjabi garam masala
• Kashmiri Garam Masala
• Method
• Tomato Flavoured Garam Masala Powder
• Ingredients
• Method

SEASONING  SPICES FORMULATION

(Pasta, Kurkure, Tomato, Pundina, Tango Tomato, etc)

• Formulations of Spices (Masala
• Formulation of Pasta Masala
• formulation of Pundina Masala
• Formulation of Tomato Masala
• Formulation of Tongy Tomato Masala
• Formulatin of Kurkure Magic Masala
• Manufacturing process of spices (masala)
• Process flow diagram for spice (masala)

FORMULAE AND PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE OF OTHER SPICES

• Kachhi biryani
• south Indian Curri
• Fish Masala
• Fish Kabab Masala
• Fish Pulav Masala
• Potato Meat Puri Masala
• Masala for Rice of Fish
• Disintegrating and powdering
• Pickle masala (mango)
• Some more formula for curi powder
• Jaljira

FORMULATIONS OF CURRY POWDERS

• Curry powders
• Madras Curry Powder
• Sambar Powder
• Garam Masala

SOME OTHER FORMULATIONS OF MASALAS (SPICES)

• Chat Masala
• Jal Jira
• Sambhar
• Meat Masala
• Tandoori Chicken Powder
• Punjabi Chola Ka Masala
• Cutiry Powder
• Garam Masala
• Tandai Masala
• Pickle Masala (Mango)

The post Technology of Spices and Seasoning of Spices with Formulae appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Spice Plant Components
Uses of Spices

AJOWAN OR BISHOPS WEED

Bot Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Composition
Uses

AMCHUR

Bot Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Composition
Uses

ANISEED

Bot, Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Composition
Distillation of Oil
Uses

ASAFOETIDA

Bot Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Types/Varieties of Asafoetida
Composition
Uses

CAPSICUMS OR CHILLIES

Bot Name
Bird Chilli
Tobasco Chilli
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Varieties
Uses
Medicinal Properties

CARAWAY

Bot Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Composition
Uses

CARDAMOM (GREATER CARDAMOM & LESSER CARDAMOM

Small Cardamoms
Large Cardamoms
Large Cardamom Species
Composition
Uses

GREATER CARDAMOM

Bot name
Indian Names
Discription & Distribution
Uses
Round Cardamom
Bot Name
Description & Distribution
Uses
Cambodian Cardamom
Greater Indian Cardamom or Nepal Cardamom
Bot Name
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Composition
Volatile oil
Uses

CASSIA

ISO Classification of Important Cassia Species
Jangli-Dalchini
Bot Name
Family
Description & Distribution
Uses
Tejpat (Indian Cassia Lignea)
Bot Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Leaf Oil
Bark Oil
Uses
Tezpat
Bot. Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Uses
Cassia or Cassia China
Bot Name
Family
Description & Distribution
Preparation/Curing of Cassia Bark
Composition
Cassia Oil
Adulteration in Cassia Oil

CELERY SEED

Bot. Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Composition
Volatile Oil
Uses

CINNAMON

Bot Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Composition
Uses

CLOVE

Bot Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Preparation of Cloves
Composition
Uses

CORIANDER

Bot Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Composition
Uses

CUMIN SEED

Bot Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Composition
Volatile Oil
Uses

CUMIN BLACK

Bot. Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Composition
Volatile Oil
Essential Oil
Uses

FENNEL

Bot. Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Varieties
Composition
Volatile Oil
Uses

FENUGREEK

Bot. Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Composition
Volatile Oil
Uses
In Medicine

GARLIC

Bot. Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Two Garlic Crops a year
Varieties
Composition
Garlic Powder
Uses
Garlic as Condiment
Garlic Oil as an Insecticide an Antilritoic

GINGER

Bot. Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Composition
Volatile Oil
Ginger Oleoresin
Uses
Recovery of Starch & Soft Drinks from Spent Ginger
Alcoholic Beverages
Use of Ginger Oil

NUTMEG

Bot Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Composition
Quality Grades
Whole, Sound Nutmegs
Nutmeg Butter
Leaves
Uses

PEPPER -BLACK, WHITE & GREEN

Bot. Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Types/Varieties
Yield/Revery of Dried Pepper
Composition
Uses

TAMARIND

Bot. Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Composition Tamarind Pulp
Tamarind Juice Concentrate
Uses

TURMERIC

Bot. Name
Family
Indian Names
Description & Distribution
Harvesting & Processing  (Curing) of Turmeric
Varieties
Composition
Uses

AJOWAN EXTRACTION FROM AJOWAN SEEDS

Process of Manufacturing
Steam Distillation at Reduced Pressure
Distillation at High Pressure
Superheated Steam Distillation
Equipment
Plant Economic
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

ASAFOETIDA (HING)

Uses & Application
Process of Manufacture
Description & Distribution
Plant Economic
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

BLACK PEPPER

Uses & Application
Analysis of Trade Grades & By Products of Pepper
Black Pepper Cultivation
Preparation of Land
Propagation
Planting
Post Planting Operations
Diseases & Pests
Harvesting & Yield
Plant Economic
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Gross Profit

CHILLI   POWDER

Uses & Application
Process of Manufacture
Grinding
Principles of Operations
Packing
Plant Economic
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return

DRYING OF RED CHILLIES, HALDI, DHANIA, PEA & GREEN PEAS

Uses & Application
Red Chilli Haldi (Turmeric)
Dhania
Peas
Green Peas
Manufacturing Process
Selection & Grading
Washing
Peeling
Drying
Grinding
Packing & Storage
Dehydration of the Product
Lal Mirch
Turmeric (Haldi)
Coriander
Peas
Green Peas
Plant Economic
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

DRY GINGER FROM GREEN GINGER

Uses & Application
Process of Manufacture
Ginger Not Divested of Cork
Ginger Clivested of Cork
Grinding
Process Flow Sheet
Plant Economic
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

DEHYDRATED ONIONS & ONION POWDER

Uses of Dehydrated Onions
Process of Manufacture
Dehydration Method & Dehydrator
Methods
Plant Economic
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

GARLIC POWDER

Uses & Application
Manufacturing Process
Washing
Peeling
Sulphitation
Dehydration
Packaging
Storage
Safety Precautions & Other Cares in Garlic Dehydration
Plant Economic
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

MUSTARD POWDER

Uses & Application
Manufacturing Process
Plant Economic
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

 OLEORESINS FROM  CHILLI & GINGER  (EXTRACTION)

Uses & Application
Role in Human Physiology
Paprika as  Colourant & Flavourant
Production of Spice Oleoresin (Capsicum)
Conditions of Extraction
Solvent Stripping from Miscella
Location of Oleoresin Plant
Process of Manufacture
Drying
Grinding
Solventization
Recovery of Solvent
Cake Grinding
Process Flow Chart
Ginger Oil & Oleoresin
Manufacturing Process
Preparation of Raw Material
Cleaning
Milling
Soaking
Loading or Charging
Bleaching of Ginger
Manufacturing Process
Plant Economic
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

TURMERIC POWDER

Uses & Application
Process of Manufacture
Plant Economic
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

TAMARIND SEED POWDER

Uses & Application
Manufacturing Process
First Method
Washing of the Tamarind Seeds
Fumigation
Cleaning
Roasting
Cooling
Decortication (Hull Removal & Kernel Collection)
Grading of Kernels
Washing of Properly  Parched Kernels in Cold Water
Plant Economic
Land & Building
Plant & Machinery
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Profit Sales Ratio
Rate of Return
Break Even Point

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE & FORMULAES

Curry Powder
Kachhi Biryani
South Indian Curry
Fish Masala
Fish Kabab Masala
Fish Pulao
Potato Meat Puri Masala
Masala for Rice of Fish
Pickle Masala (Mango)
Thandai-Powder
Chat Masala
Fish Masala
Jal Jeera
Curry Powder
Tandoori Chicken Powder
Sambhar Powder
Garam Masala
Mutton Biryani Masala
Pickle Masala (Mango)
Curry Powder
Formulae for Spices
Raita Masala
Jal-Jira
Madras Curry Powder
Sambhar Powder
Garam Masala
Chaat Masala
Jal-Jira
Sambhar
Meat Masala
Tandoori Chicken Powder
Punjabi Chola Ka Masala
Curry Powder
Kachhi Biryani
South Indian Curry
Fish Masala
Fish Pulao Masala
Potato Meat Puri Masala
Masala for Rice of Fish
Disintegrating & Powdering
Principles of Operations
Drying
Grinding
Principles of Operations
Mixing
Packing

PACKAGING OF SPICES/MASALA

Packaging of Ground Spices
Probable Shell of Ground Spices in Different
Flexible Pouches
Bulk Packaging & Storage  of Whole Spices

METHOD OF TEST FOR SPICES & CONDIMENTS

Scope
Extraneous Matter
Grinding of Sample for Chemical Analysis
Principle
Total Ash
Apparatus
Determination
Water Insoluble Ash
Acid Insoluble Ash
Procedure
Moisture Content
Tempinology for Spices & Condiments
List of Spices & Condiments

AGMARK-SYMBOL OF QUALITY & PURITY

What is Agmark ?
Why Agmark ?
How Agmark Certification is Done ?
Affixing the Agmark label Involves four Stages
While Buying Agmark Products Please Ensure
Consumer Satisfaction

PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF PLANT  & EQUIPMENTS FOR SPICES

Pulveriser/Grinder
Mixer
Disintegrater
Packaging Machines

PLANT & MACHINERY USED

Pulveriser/Grinder
Outstanding Featurers
Standard Equipment
Space Requirement
Packing Machines
FFS Machines for Packaging of Food Products
Requirements of Packaging Machinery

NATIONAL STANDARDS ON PACKAGING CODE FOR SPICES & CONDIMENTS

Spices & Condiments
Whole Spices
Black Pepper, Whole
Miscellaneous Ginger
Ginger, Ground
Curry Powder
Chillies
Saffron
Tamarind Concentrate
Cloves

IMPORTERS OF SPICES

EXPORTERS OF SPICES

PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF SPICES

SPICES BOARD

SPICES RESEARCH CENTRES IN INDIA

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