• Enzymes used in Textile Processing
• Enzymes as proteins
• Biocatalyst Enzymes
• Nomenclature
• Activities of enzymes
• Induced fit model
• Enzymatic Reactions
• Mechanism
• Enzymes used in Textile
• Amylase
• Pectinase for Enzymes
• Catalase
• Cellulase
• Laccases (copper containing oxidase enzymes)
• Lipase (Water sluble enzyme)
• Glucose oxidase enzyme
• Xylanase

ENZYMATIC BIOPROCESSING

• Utilization
• Enzymes-Natural Biocatalysts
• Inotex enzymatic products for bast fibre extraction improvement
• Treatment of Mechanical opening & cleaning
• Processing of Fiax, Hemp and Linseed
• Enzymatic enrichment of dew retting  process
• REA 120 machinery concept for fibres opening and cleaning
• Typical conditions
• Repair of retted fibres
• Repair of worst quality dew retted fibres with Texazym SCW
• Material friendly cottonization
• Effect of different commercial enzymes on the hemp fibre fineness improvement
• Device for wet processing of loose fibres (tows for example)
• Effect of different commercial enzymes on the improvement of hemp fibre fineness (fibre diameter) & tenacity
• Processing of flax scutching tow (low quality) with Texazym BFE
• Processing of linseed (variety Amon) tow with Texazym BFE
• Application of enzymes (utilize fibre from linseed straw)
• Laroche cottonization line
• Comparison of stem biomass yield of different linseed varieties
• Linen eco yarms and pretreatment of flax roving
• Enzymatic processing of linseed  stems, cultivar Amon
• Improvement of whiteness after enzymatic bio retting for eco yarm production comparison of Texazym SCW with other types of enzymes
• Results of industrial trials with enzymatic treatment of flax rovings
• Technical bast fibre applications
• Results

ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS

• Introduction
• textile antimicrobial treatments
• Antimicrobial finishing agents
• Quaternary ammonium
• Triclosan
• Metallic salts
• The bacterial counting test for comparing the antibacterial activity of metallic ioaded cotton
• Plasma sputtering
• The schematic view of Plasma sputtering system
• The inhibitin zone of S aureus around untreated and copper coated cotton
• Chitosan
• The bacterial counting test for untreated wool with E coli
• The bacterial counting test for untreated wool with S aureus
• The bacterial counting test for silver coated wool with E.Coli
• The bacteriala  counting test for silver coared wool with s aureus
• Quantitative Evaluation Against S. Aureus (Shake Flask Method)
• Comparison of bacterial reduction before and after coating cotton fabrics with chitosan PBA particles or chitosan solution
• Cyclodextrin
• TEM micrographs of chitosan PBA particles stained for an appropriate period with 2% PTA solution
• Mechanisms of antimicrobial finishes
• Practical biocides
• Evaluation of antimicrobial finishes
• The future
• Comparison between different AATCC test methods

TEXTILE FIBRES PROCESSING  ENZYMES

• Biotechnology
• Production of enzymes
• Role of enzymes in textile processing
• Amylases
• Textile desizing
• Pectinases
• Enzymatic scouring
• Cellulases
• Denim finishing
• Pilling and fuzz fibre removal
• Serine profeases subtilisins
• Enzymatic treatment of wool
• Cysterine proteases papain
• Degumming of silk
• Transgulutaminases (TGs)
• Treatment of leather and wool
• Lipases/esterases cutinase
• Surface modification of synthetic fibres
• Nitrilases and nitrile hydratases
• Surface modification of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
• Laccases
• Decolourization of textile bleaching and dyes
• Catalases
• Treatment of bleach liquor
• Conclusions and fuure prospects

FABRIC FINISHING

• Theory
• Crosslinking Cellulose
• Crease Recovery
• Definitions
• Cellulose Crosslinkers
• Reactions of Formal dehyde
• Formalion of Hydroxymethyl Derivatives
• Reactions of Hydroxymethyl
• Resin Formers (Aminoplasts)
• Urea/Frmaldehyde (U/F)
• Malamine/Formaldehyde
• Synthesis of Hexamethoxymethyl Melamine
• Important Features
• Reactants
• Dimethylolethylene Urea (DMEU)
• Dimethylol-4/5 Dihydroxyethylene Urea (DMDHEU)
• Carbamates
• Controlling Formaldehyde
• Atmospheric Formaldehyde
• Fabrics Formaldehyde
• Free Formaldehyde
• Formaldehyde Release
• Responsible for HCHO Release
• Fabric pH and Formaldehyde Release
• Effect of pH on CH2O Release
• Technology of Reducing Frmaldehyde Release
• Scavengers
• Modified DMDHEU
• Methylated DMDHEU
• Diethyleneglycolated DMDHEU (ULf)
• Alkylated DMDHEU
• Non formaldehyde Dp Finishes
• Formaldehyde Release Comparison of Modified DMDHEU
• dimethyl-4-5, Dihydroxyethylene UREA (DMeDHEU)
• Synthesis
• Important Features
• Butanetetracarboxylic Acid (BTCA)Sodium Hypophosphite
• Sodium Phosphate
• Reactive Silicones
• Liquid Ammonia
• Durable Press Catalyst
• Bronsted Acids
• Ionization Constant
• Hydrogen Ion Concentration
• Latent Acids
• Lewis Acids
• Important Considerations
• Specific Catalyst and their use
• Free Acids
• Latent Acids
• Metal Salts
• Hot Catalyst
• Buffers and Alkalinity
• Buffers
• Alkalinity
• Chemical Process
• Methylolation
• Alkylation of N-Methylol Compounds
• Proton Activated Alkylation
• Cellulose Crosslinking with Lewis Acids
• Alkoxylated Products (Reaction)
• Crosslinking with Alkoxykated  N-Methylol Cmpounds
• Stability of Crosslink to Laundering
• Hydrolysis of Cellulose Crosslinks
• Properties Fabric
• Durable Press Performance
• Important Points
• Relationship of DP Performance versus DMDHEU Add on
• Different Crosslinkers
• Tensile, Tear and Abrasion Resistance
• Crease Recovery versus Resin Concentration
• Important to Remember
• Physical properties versus Add-on
• Crease Recovery versus Curing Temperature
• Important to Remember
• Crease Recovery versus Temperature of Cure and Resin type
• Other Fabric Properties
• Shrinkage
• Yellowing
• Chlorine Resistance
• Fabric Odor

MODIFICATION

• Handbuilders
• Non-durable
• Starch
• Polyvinyl Alcohol
• Durable
• Thermosetting Polymers
• Thermoplastic Polymers
• Suitable Monomers/Suitable Monomers/Comonomers
• Fabric Softeners
• Coefficient of Friction
• Viscosity
• Important Points to Remember
• Selection of Softener
• Raw Material Availability
• Fat Derived Raw Materials
• Softener Classifications
• Anionic Softeners
• Sulfates
• Fatty Alcohol Sulfates
• Sulfated Fatty Acid Esters
• Sulfonated Fatty Amides and Esters
• Sulfoethyl Fatty Esters (IGEPON A)
• Sulfoethyl Fatty Amides (IGEPON)
• Properties of Anionic Softeners
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Cationic Softeners
• Adsorption on Fiber Surface
• Amine Functional Cationic Softeners
• Cationic Amine Salts
• Fatty Aminoesters
• Fatty Amidoamides
• Imidazolines
• Quaternary Ammonium Salts
• Synthesis of Monofatty Quats
• Properties of Cationic Softeners
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Nonionic Softeners
• Polyethylene Emulsions
• Composition of Polyethylene Emulsions
• Typical Composition
• Ethoxylated Nonionic Softeners
• Silicone Chemistry
• Reaction of  Monochlorosilanes wiith Water
• Reaction of Dichlorosilanes with Water
• Reaction of Trichlorosilanes with Water
• Reaction of Hydogen silances with Water
• Silicone Softeners
• Dimethyl Fluids
• Methylhydrogen Fluids
• Amino Functional Silicones
• Orientation of Dimethyl Fluids on Fiber Surface
• Epoxy Functional Silicones
• Properties
• Advantages
• Disadvantages

FINISHES

• Chemistry of Wetting
• Spreading of Liquids on Smooth Surfaces
• Work of Adhesion
• Critical Surface Tension
• Critical Surface Tension of Teflon
• Critical Surface Tensions of Smooth Surfaces
• Critical Surface Tension of end Groups
• Contact Angles in Real Systems
• Repellent Finishes
• Hydrocarbon Hydrophobes
• Paraffin Waxes
• Wax Emulsion Composition
• Fiber Reactive Hydrocarbon Hydrophobes
• N-Methylol Stearamide
• Pyridinium Compounds
• Resin Formers
• Metal Complexes
• Silicone Water Repellents
• Application to Fabrics
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Fluorochemical Repellents
• Effect of Fluorination on Critical Surface Tension
• Commercial Products
• Effect of Perfluoro Side Chain
• Polymer Backbone Effect
• Relationship between Oil Repellency and Length of Perfluoroalkyl Side Chain
• Add on
• Extenders
• Oil Repellency versus Fluorochemical Add-on
• Finishing of Repellent with Fluorochemicals
• Rainwear
• Typical Rainwear Formulation
• Stain and Soil Retardancy
• Uphotstery Anti soil Finishes
• Treatments of Carpet Anti soil
• Fluorochemical Finishes
• Other Carpet Antisoil Treatments
• Light Scattering Fibers
• Stain Blockers

SOIL RELEASE FINISHES OF FABRICS

• Soils
• How fabrics are Soiled
• Removal of soil
• Particulate Soil
• Oily Soils
• Roll up Mechanism
• Rolling up Process of Soil Release
• Rollup Thermodyamics
• Fiber Oil Detergent Interaction
• Fiber
• Effect of Hydrophobic Surfaces on Soil Release
• Soil Release Chemicals
• Acrylic Soil Release Finishes
• Polymethacrylic Acid
• Pol(methacrylic acid) Soil Release Finishes
• Effect of Crosslinking
• Methacrylic Acid Ethyl Acrylate Co-Polymers
• Mechanism
• 70/30 Methacrylic Acid Ethyl Acrylate SR Finish
• Effect of Crosslinking
• Practical Considerations & Fabric Properties
• Dual Action Fluorochemical Soil Release
• Polymer Composition
• Method
• Practical Considerations & Fabric Properties
• Fluorochemical Soil  Release Agent
• Flip Flop Mechanism
• Polyoxyethylene Copolymers
• Polyoxyethylene Type SR Finish
• Sulfoisophthalic Acid Copolymers
• Sulphoisophthalic Type SR Agent
• Practical Considerations & Fabric Properties
• Most Important Points to Remember
• Non Ionic Detergents
• Effect of Surfactant Type on Soil Removal From Polymer Films
• Soil Release Tests
• Release Point
• Rp Determinations
• Roll up of Oil in Detergent Solutions
• Application of Rp Measurements
• Results Versus Residual Soil
• Geometry of Yams and Fabrics

FLAME RETARDANT FINISHES

• Details of Combustion
• Flammability Parameters for Fibers
• Combustion of Cellulose
• Combustion Cycle
• Cellulose Pyrolysis Products
• Other Pryolysis Products
• Flame Retardancy
• Feedback Mechanism
• Combustion Feedback Mechanism
• Char Frmation
• Parameters that Characterize Burning Textiles
• How Certain Elements Work
• Boron
• Phosphorus & Nitrogen
• Halogens
• Flame Retardant Chemicals & Processes for Cellulose
• Non Durable
• Boric Acid/Borax
• Dimmonium Phosphate and Phosphoric Acid
• Sulfarmic Acid and Ammonum Sulfamate
• Durable
• Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium Derivatives
• Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium Hydroxide (THPOH)
• Fyrol 76
• Phosphonic and Phosphoric Acid Derivatives
• Retardant Method for Specific Fibers
• Rayon Additives
• Polyeste
• Decabromodiphenyl Oxide (DBDPO)
• Tris(2-3 Dibromopropyl) Phosphate (TRIS)
• Antiblaze 19T
• Nylon
• Thiourea urea Melamine
• Halogenated Systems
• Polyester/Cotton Blends
• Decabromodiphenyl Oxide Antimony Oxide
• Wool
• Dyebath Exhaustible Finishes
• Titanium Complexes
• Hexafluoro Zircnates

THERMAL AND SORPTION TECHNOLOGY

• Thermal behaviour
• Materials for flame protection
• Flame resistant Cellulosics
• Thermal and flame retardant properties of some fibres
• Flame retardant Polyester
• Flame retardant Acrylic
• Armids
• Phenolics
• Modacrylic
• Aim of our work
• Experimental
• Materials
• Fibres used for thermal and sorption study
• Methods
• Thermal analysis
• Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
• Sorption study
• Dynamic Sorption Analysis
• Water Retention Value
• Visualization of burned fibers
• Results and discussion
• Thermal analysis
• Mass changes by TGA
• TGA graph of cellulosics
• TGA plots of synthetic FR fibers
• TGA plots of melamine & modacrylic fibers
• TGA plots of other high performance
• Energy changes by DSC
• DSC Plots of cellulosics
• DSC Plots of synthetic FR fibers
• Sorption study
• Water vapor sorption
• DSC plots of melamine & modacrylic fibers
• Sorption isotherms of cellulosics
• Sorption isotherms of synthetic FR fibres
• Water retention values (WRV)
• WRV of standard and modified cellulosics
• WRV of synthetic FR fibers
• Visualization of burned fibers
• SEM images of FR fibers before and after burning
• conclusions and Outlook

VOLATILE PHOSPHORUS

• Experimental
• Materials
• Formulation and Application of Back coating
• Flame retardants used and their chemical characteristics
• Flammability Measurement
• Generic back coating formulation
• Thermal Analytical Procedures
• Results & Discussion
• Phosphorus Mobility in back coated Formulations
• TGA responses of Antiblaze CU, tributyl phosphate (TBP), triphenyl phosphate (TPP), and triphenylphosphene oxide (TPPO) under nitrogen
• Phosphorus Retention in Fabric Chars
• Flammability testing results of back coated  cotton and polyprpylene fabrics after a 40 Deg C water soak treatment
• TGA and LOI results for back coated 360 pergm cotton fabrics
• Difference between actual and theoretical phosphorus contents (P) of charred back coated cotton fabric
• Phosphorus concentrations and residual weights for back coated cotton samples containing 250 dry parts Antibiaze MCM in the formulation
• Phosphorus concentrations and residual weights for back coated cotton samples containing 250 dry parts Antiblaze NH in the formulation
• Phosphorus concentrations and residual weights for back coated cotton samples containing 250 dry parts Antiblaze  CU in the formulation
• Phosphorus concentrations and residual weights for back coated cotton samples containing 100 dry parts Antiblaze CU in the formulation
• Addition of Volatile Components to APP
• Flammability testing for mixed flame retardant formulations (prewater soak)
• Phosphorus concentrations and residual weights for back coated cotton samples containing 250 dry parts Fyrol 51 in the formulation
• Phosphrus concentrations and residual weights for back coated cotton samples containing 100 dry parts Fyrol 51 in the Formulation
• Durability results and flammability testing (postwater soak)

CHELATING AGENTS

• Synthetic Chelating Agents
• Ligno Sulfonates
• Humic or Fulvic acids
• Organic Acids
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Protein (Amino Acids)

DYE FIXING AGENTS

• Application Examples

ANTI STATIC AGENT WITH SPIN FINISH

• Examples
• Method of production of amine alkoxylates
• Conversion to dialkyl sulphate quaternaries
• Conversion to EO/PO block copolymer
• heat Stability
• Ester based
• Mineral oil based

OTHER IMPORTANT FINISHES

• Antipill Fabric Finishing
• Mechanism of Pilling
• Pill Formation
• Pill Build up
• Factors Affecting Pill Formation
• Fiber variables
• Yarn Variables
• Fabric Construction
• Preparaton and Dyeing
• Fabric Finishing
• Film Forming Binders
• Durable Press Reactants
• Fabric Softeners
• Singing and Shearing
• Heat setting
• Summary
• Antistatic Finishes
• Causes of Static
• Problems Caused by Static Electricity
• Mechanism of Control
• Static Fliminators
• Antistatic Agents
• Fiber Polymer modications
• Non Durable Antistatic Agents
• Cationic Materials
• Non Ionic Materials
• Durable Antistatic Finishes

PLANT ECONOMICS OF ACRYLIC COPOLYMER EMULSION

• Plant and Machnery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF ANTI FOAMING AGENT (SILICONE BASED) FOR DISTILLERY, SUGAR INDUSTRY, PAPER PLANT ETC.

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF CATIONIC SOFTENER

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF CHELATED ZINC (ZN-EDTA) 12%

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/ Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF CHELATED ZINC EDTA & CHELATED COPPER EDTA

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed  Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF DYE FIXING AGENTS (LOW FORMALDEHYDE FOR PIGMENT PRINTING LIKE ACRAFIX ML)

• Plant & Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF DYE FIXING AGENTS (NON FORMALDEHYDE DYEFIXING AGENT FOR DIRECT/REACTIVE PRINTING LIKE TINOFIX  FRD OF M/S CIBA GAIGY)

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF DYE LAVELLING AGENT

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF ENZYME USED FOR DENIM CLOTH AND GARMENT WASHING 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMIC OF ENZYMES BIO TECHNOLOGY BASED 

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF NON IONIC SURFACTANTS WETTING AGENTS

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF SILICONE EMULSION FOR TEXTILE

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF SIZING SOFTENER (SILK SIZING LIQUID WATER SOLUBLE)

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF TEXTILE & FINISHING AGENTS

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF TEXTILE PRINTING PASTE (GUM)

• Plant and Machinery
• Fixed Capital
• Raw Materials
• Total Working Capital/Month
• Total Capital Investment
• Turn over/Annum

Engineers India Research Institute (EIRI) is a renowned name in the industrial world for offering technical and financial consultancy services.

EIRI services are:

• Detailed Feasibility Reports
• New Project Identification
• Project Feasibility and Market Study
• Identification of Lucrative Industrial Project Opportunities
• Preparation of Project Profiles / Pre-Investment and Detailed Feasibility Studies,
• Market Surveys / Studies, Market Survey Cum Detailed Techno-Economic Feasibility Reports
• Project Reports in CD Roms
• Identification of Plant /Process/Machinery and Equipment, Industrial General Guidance for setting up new industrial projects.

Our most up-to-date and Technologically Advanced Industrial Project Reports, categorized with respect to Financial Outlays and Sector – wise Classification are immensely useful for :

• Existing Small or Medium Scale Industrialists facing competition from large houses
• Young Entrepreneurs dreaming to start their own industrial enterprise
• Young Graduates and Professionals wishing to begin their career
• Industrialists interested in Debottlenecking  their capacities & New Product – Lines
• Large Industrial Houses pursuing  Expansion, Growth and Diversification Plans

The post Textile Processing Chemicals, Enzymes, Dye Fixing Agents and Other Finishes with Project Profiles appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

TECHNOLOGY OF FABRIC MANUFACTURE

Warp Size and Desizing
Sources of Sizing Compounds
Starch
Starches Used as Textile size
Chemical Constitution
Starch Solutions
Retrograding
Modified Starch
Thin Boiling Starch
Dextrin
British Gum
Oxidized Starch
Starch Ethers
Desizing Starch
Enzyme Desizing
Amylase
Effect of Temperature, pH and Electrolytes on Enzymatic Desizing
Desizing with Acids
Desizing with Oxidizing Agents
Test for Starch
Typical Procedures
Synthesis
Advantages and Disadvantages over starch
Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)
Synthesis of Polyvinyl Alcohol
Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate
Hydrolysis to Polyvinyl Alcohol
Manufacturing Process
Solution Properties
Grades of PVA Available as Textile Size
Film Properties
Desizing PVA
Effect of heat Setting on Removal of PVA
Dehydration of PVA
Size Recovery
Acrylic Sizes
Polyacrylic Acid
Synthesis of Polyacrylic Acid
Desizing Polyacrylic Acid
Acrylic Acid Co-Polymers
Effect of heat Setting on Removal
Anhydride Formation
Polyester Resin Sizes
Other Additives

AGENTS FOR TEXTILE PRINTING BINDERS

Acrylate binder
Polyurethane binder
Thickener solution
Emulsifier L
Emulsifier VA
Emulsifier WN
Acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymer dispersion
Acramin Navyblue FBC
Polyisocyanate
Comparison 1: Oil-in-water emulsion print
Testing method
Brush washing test
Examples
Printing from aqueous dispersion

SCOURING

Composition of Natural Fibers
Chemistry of Oils, Fats and Waxes
Fats
Triglycerides
Hydrolysis of Triglycerides
Acid Hydrolysis
Saponification
Fatty Acids
Sources
Vegetable Sources
Saturated Fatty  Acids
Castor Oil
Coconut Oil
Corn Oil
Cottonseed Oil
Olive Oil
Palm Oil
Linseed Oil
Tall Oil
Japan Wax
Animal Sources
Tallow
Lard
Whale Oil
Chemical Wax
Fatty Alcohols
Sources of Fatty Alcohols
Mineral Wax
Paraffin
Microcrystalline Wax
Synthetic Wax
Fatty Acids
Fatty Alcohols
Polyethylene Glycols
PEG Esters
Solvent Scouring
Merits and Demerits
Common Solvents
Solvent Properties
Non-flammable Solvents
Aqueous Scouring
Typical Formulation for Scouring Specific Fibers
Cotton
Batch Scouring Procedure
Continuous Scouring Procedure
Wool Raw Stock Scouring
Silk
Blends
Test for Effective Scouring
AATCC Test Method Number 79
Water as a Raw Material
Water Softening
Lime Soda Process
Cation Exchange
Sequestration or Chelation
Classes of Sequestering Agents
Polyphosphates
Formation of Polyphosphates
Important Polyphosphates
Advantages of Inorganic Phosphates
Organophosphonic Acids
Advantages and Disadvantages
Aminocarboxylic Acids
Advantages and Disadvantages
Hydroxycarboxylic Acids
Advantages and Disadvantages
Formation of Complexes
Formation Constant

SURFACTANTS

What do they do?
How do they work?
Penetrating and wetting fabric
Loosening and emulsifying soils
Examples
Builders
What do they do?
How do they work?
Examples
Alkalis
What do they do?
How do they work?
Examples
Anti redeposition agents
What do they do?
How do they work?
Examples
Enzymes
How do they work?
Stain removal
Colour and fabric care
Examples
Active Oxygen bleaches
What do they do?
How do they work?
Examples
Antimicrobial Agents
What do they do?
How do they work?
Examples
Fabric Softeners
What do they do?
How do they work?
Optical Brighteners
What do they do?
How do they work?
Examples
Preservatives
What do they do?
How do they work?
Examples
Hydrotropes
What do they do?
How do they work?
Examples
Processing Aids
What do they do?
How do they work?
Foam Regulators
What do they do?
Examples
Corrosion Inhibitors
What do they do?
How do they  work?
Examples
Physical Chemistry of Surfactant Solutions
Surface Tension
Critical Micelle Concentration
Classification of Surfactants
By Use
Wetting Agents
Detergents
Emulsifying Agents
Dispersing Agents
By Ionic Charge
Nonionic Surfactants
Ethoxylates
Water Solubility of Ethoxylated Nonylphenol
Cloud Point
Hydrophilic Lyophilic Balance (HLB)
Structure of Ethoxylated Nonylphenol
Effect of Ethylene Oxide on Solubility Balance
Performance
A Wetting Times
Detergency
Anionic Surfactans
Chemical Classification of Anionic Surfactants
Cationic

SURFACE-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AS BASIC COMPONENTS

Anionic Surfactants
Catonic Surfactants
Zwitterionic (Amphoteric) Surfactants
Nonionic Surfactants
Technology of Surface-active compounds
Examples
Block polymer (component (a)
Alkylphenol/aldehyde resin (component (b)
Product according to the method

THICKENING AGENT FOR TEXTILE MATERIAL

Preparation of Soybean Hemicellulose
Examples
Printing Test

THICKENING AGENT BASED ON TAMARIND SEED GUM

Technology
Materials
Manufacturng of tamarind kernel powder
Determination of chemical composition
Preparation of thickening agent
Preparation of printing pastes
Printing procedure
Colour strength and fastness properties
Results and discussion
Characterization of tamarind kernel powder
Effect of disperse printing on colour value
Effect of printing on fastness properties
Effect of printing on fastness properties

ALOE VERA GEL BASED THICKENING AGENT

Experimental
Materials
Substrates
Thickening Agents
Dyes
Auxiliaries and chemicals
Methods
Printing pastes
Printing procedure
Testing
Results and discussion
Thickener concentration
Effect of urea concentration
Citric acid concentration
Super heated steam flxation temperature
Steam fixation time
Effect of storage time
Effect of type of dyestuff and thickening agent
Effect of the type of substrate

BLEACHING

Chemistry of Bleaching with Green Oxidation
Oxidation
Peroxide Activator Catalysis
Motivation
Challenges for Peroxide Bleaching
Applications
Common Bleaching Agents
Sodium Hypochlorite
Bleaching Mechanism
Effect of pH
Effect of Time and Temperature
Effect of Metals
Antichlor
Uses
Typical batch procedure
Hydrogen peroxide
Mechanism
Effect of pH
Effect of Time and Temperature
Stabilizers
Sodium Silicates
Organic Stabilizers
Phosphates
Uses
Bleaching Procedures
Sodium Chlorite (NaClO2)
Effect of pH
Bleaching Mechanism
Effect of Temperature
Other Oxidative Bleaches
Persulfates
Perborates and Percarbonates
Peracetic Acid
Reductive bleaches
Sulfur Dioxide
Sodium Dithionate (Sodium Hydrosulfite)
Test for Degree of Bleaching
Whiteness
Fluidity

BLEACHING OF WOOL

Experimental
Materials
Procedures
Scouring
Hydrogen peroxide bleaching
Sodium borohydride bleaching
Testing and  measurements
Result and Discussion
Hydrogen peroxide bleachng results
Effect of SBH concentration on bleaching of wool
Effect of SBS concentration on bleaching of wool
Effect of bleaching temperature on whiteness and alkali solubility
Effect of bleaching pH on whiteness and alkali solubility
Effect of bleaching time on whiteness and alkali solubility
Yellowing tendency of wool after bleaching
Denim bleach effect
Tradition chemical process
Limitations
Enzymatic bleaching effect on denim

LACCASES FOR DENIM BLEACHING

Laccases in Denim Bleaching

CATIONIC FIXING AGENTS

Experimental
Fabric
Dyes
Cationic Fixing Agents
Detergents
Dyeing
Direct dyeing of Cotton samples
Reactive Dyeing of Cotton Samples
Wash Fastness Testing
Color Measurement
Visual Assessment
Discussion about technology
Colorant Loss
Comparison of Detergents
Comparison of Cationic Materials
Mechanism

TREATMENT OF TEXTILE WASTEWATER

Textile Wastewater Characteristics
Advanced Oxidation process (AOPS)
Ultraviolet Lamp
Ozone
O3/UVH2O2/UV
O3/H2O2 (Peroxone)
O2/H2O2/UV

OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS

Stilbene Type OBA
Chemistry of optical brighteners and uses in textile industries
History of OBA
Direct(Substantive) Brightner
Disperse Brightner
Optical Brightners and its mechanism
Properties
Whitness and Brightness
Light Fastness
Washing Fastness
Metameric Effect of OBA
Other processes
Mercerizing

PLANT FIBRES FOR TEXTILES

Plant fibres
Morphology of  lignocellulosic fibres
Fibre structure
Conventional plant fibres
Seed fibres
Cotton
Kapok
Bast fibres
Flax 224
Jute225
Hemp
Ramie
Kenaf
Leaf fibres
Sizal
Abaca
Henequen
Non-conventional plant fibres
Fibres from corn stover
Wheat straw fibres
Fibres from hop stems
Banana, sugarcane bagasse and sponge gourd fibers
Bamboo fibres
Quinoa fibres
Grass fibres
Alfa or esparto fibres
Sea grass-Zostera marina
Applications of non conventional cellulose fibres

EXTRACTION OF PLANT DYES

Colour in textiles
Dyes
Natural dyes
Plant dyes
Animal dyes
Synthetic dyes
Characteristics of natural dyes
Mordants
Extraction of Dyes from Identified Plants
Materials and methods used for the dye extraction
Materials
Method

DYEING WITH DISPERSE DYES

Disperse dyes
Classification
Azo disperse dyes
Anthraquinone disperse dyes
Other disperse dye classes
Constitution and fastness properties
Fastness to wet treatment
Fastness to dry heat
Fastness to light
Hydrophobic fibres
Polyester fibres
Properties of polyester fibres
Physical properties
Chemical properties
Acetate fibres
Properties of acetate fibres
Physical properties
Chemical properties
Disperse dyeing
Basic principle
The effects of variations in disperse dyeing
Crystal form of the disperse dyes
Dispersing agent
Particle size in dispersion of the dyes
pH of dyebath
Substantivity of disperse dyes
Temperature
Fibre fineness
Recent requirements in disperse dyeing technology
Main methods of disperse dyeing
Carrier dyeing
High temperature dyeing
Adsorption phase
Diffusion phase
Cleaning phase
Thermosol process
Dyeing Polyester with Disperse Dyes
Immersion dyeing polyester
Novel forms of disperse dyes
Crayons
Stamp pad Ink

WOOL DYEING AND SILK FIBRES

Background
Fibres
Comparing Wool and Silk
Morphology of Wool
Micro Structure of Wool
Macro Structure of Wool
Morphology of Silk
Comparison Between Spider Silk and Silk from Silkworm

CONDUCTIVE POLYELECTROLYTES

Electrical Properties
Optical Properties
Absorption and Emission
Relationship Between Absorption Spectrum and Electrical Conductivity
Wool and Silk Dyeing
Dyeing Dependence on Morphology of Fibre
Wool Scouring
Silk Degumming
Industrial Acid Dyeing of Wool
Industrial Acid Dyeing of Silk
Auxiliaries Use for Industrial Acid Dyeing
Continuous and Exhaust Dyeing Method
Dyeing of Wool and Silk Fibre with PEDOT-S
Experimental
Materials and Chemicals
Materials
Chemicals
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) Non ionic detergent (lavolan DSU)
Fibres and Yarns
Methods
Scouring of Wool
Degumming of Silk
dyeing Method
Conductive Polymer combined with Silk fibers for Biomedical Electrodes

FIBRES CONDUCTANCE ANALYSIS

pH Determination
Optical Microscopy
Determination of Mechanical properties
Results and Discussion
Optical Microscopy
Mechanical Properties
Electrical Conductivity of dyed Silk and Wool Fibres and Yarns
Error Estimation
Proposed Model of Supramolecular Assembly of PEDOT-S onto  wol and Silk at Very Low pH

DEPENDENCE OF CONFORMATIONAL STATE OF POLYELECTROLYTE ON PH

pH of the Bath in Acid Dyeing
Conformational States of Macromolecules at Different pH
Supra Molecular Reaction of PEDOT-S and Protein Fibres

PLANT ECONOMICS OF DETERGENT PASTE (TEXTILE GRADE)

Formulation of Detergent Paste (Textile Grade)
40% Detergent Paste
20% Detergent Paste
Plant and machinery
Fixed capital
Raw materials
Total working capital/month
Total capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF DISPERSANT FOR TEXTILES
Process of manufacturing
Ethoxylation
Reactor
Textile dispersant (fatty acid based) dispersol)
Fatty Alcohol Polyethylene Oxide Condensate
Condensate
Formulations
Procedures (as per Formulation)
Plant economics
Plant & Machinery

Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total working capital/month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

LIST OF FORMULATIONS OF PRINTING INK

Lemon Yellow Printing Ink
Jobbing Black Ink
Colour Ink (Blue)
Super Gloss Ink (Blue)
Medium Quality Prints (Blue)
Cheap Quality Black Ink

PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION OF THE FORMULATIONS

Examples
Preparation of the seed latex
Preparation of the DAAM latex(WEB011)
Synthesis of a control binder emulsion Preparation of the DAAM free latex (WEBM016)

ANTI CREASE FORMULATIONS

Examples
Application Examples

AUXILIARY FOR TEXTILE WET FINISHING FORMULATIN

ANTI MICROBIAL AND ANTI CREASE FORMULATION

Examples
Evaluation of fabric properties
Tearing strength
Crease recovery
Advantages

CREASE AND WRINKLE PROOFING CELLULOSIC TEXTILE FORMULATION

Examples

FORMULATION FOR DIQUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS AS TEXTILE FINISHING AGENTS

Procedures for the preparation of dialkylaminoalkylbehenic acid amides or esters
Application examples

GARMENTS DYEING PROCESS AND FABRIC DYEING PROCESS FORMULATIONS

Work procedure
Garments dyeing process with vat dyes
Typical formula
Soaping

The post Technology of Textile Chemicals with Formulations appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

B-CYCLODEXTRINS IN TEXTILES

Preparation of B-CD and their complexes in free form
General industrial applications of B-CD
B-CD and textiles
Fixation of B-CD onto textiles
Newer fixation methods
Characterisation and Quantification of bound beta-CD
End applications of b-CD in the textile industry
Textile processing
Fragrance release
Antimicrobial
Others
Characterisation and quantification of guest molecules
Conclusions

TEXTILE AUXILIARY FORMULATIONS

TEXTILE FINISHING COMPOSITIONS AND PROCESSES

Cross linking Agent
Esterification Catalyst
Additional Crosslinking Agents
Non-Phosphorous Containing Polycarboxylic Acids
Carboxylic Acids
Finishing Bath
Wetting Agents
Softening Agents
Dye Fixing Agents
Chlorine Scavengers
Stain Repeliency Agents
Anti Abrasion Additives
Antibacterial Agents
Hydrophilic Finishes
Brighteners
Minimization of Colour Body Forming Transition Metals
Textiles/Fabrics
Process
Pre-Cure
Post-Cure
Post Garment Treatment
Textile Pre-Treatment
Post Washing
Durable Press Resin
Benefits
Durable Press
Tensile Strength Retention
Anti Shrinkage/Dimensional Stability
Tear Strength Retention
In-Wear Wrinkle Resistance
Hand Feel
Anti-Abrasion/Abrasion Resistance
Anti-Yellowing/Whiteness Appearance
Colorfastness/Color Retention for Laundering
Crocking
Durable Crease Retention
Reduced Drying Time

PROCESS FOR FINISHING TEXTILES

Moist  Cure with a DMeDHEU Based Crosslinker

CARBAMATE MELAMINE TEXTILE FINISH

Preparation of Polymethylol Hydroxyethyl Carbamate

Preparation of Methylated Highly Methylolated Melamine

SYNERGLSTIC ANTI MICROBIAL TEXTILE FINISH

TEXTILE FINISHES OF SILICONE

LUBRICANT FINISH FOR TEXTILES

Composition A, B,C,D,E

HYDROPHILIC FINISH FOR TEXTILES

Preparation of Styrene Maleic Anhydride Graft Copolymer Using Solvent

Solventless Method for Preparing Styrene Maleic Anhydride Graft Copolymer

FLUORINE EFFICIENT FINISHES FOR TEXTILES

Test Methods
Fabric Treatment
Water Repellency
Water Repeliency Spray Rating
Oil Repellency
Laundering Procedure

OIL REPELLENT TEXTILE FINISH

FLAME RETARDANT FINISH FOR CELLULOSIC TEXTILE MATERIALS

Preparation of Tris(Hydroxymethyl) Phosphine
Reaction Product of Tris (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphine Melamine and Formaldehyde
Methylated Reaction Product of Tris (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphine Melamine and Formaldehyde
Reaction Product of Tris (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphine Melamine and Formaldehyde

AQUEOUS TEXTILE FINISH

PROCESS FOR PROVIDING SYNTHETIC TEXTILE FABRICS WITH AN ANTISTATIC FINISH

ABRASION AND WRINKLE RESISTANT FINISH FOR TEXTILES

Preparation of Resin Reactive Modifier Solution

Application of Durable Press/Softener Preparation to 100% Cotton, and Physical
Characterization

INSECT REPELLENT FINISHES

Insect Repellents
Microcapsules
Gel Formers
Cationic Polymers
Oil Phase
Anionic Polymers
Emulsifiers
Production Process for Microcapsules
Binders
Polymeric Melamine Compounds
Polymeric Glyoxal Compounds
Polymeric Silicone Compounds
Epichlorohydrin Crosslinked Polyamidoamines
Poly(meth)acrylates
Quantities Used
Commercial Applications
Application Processes
Efficiency Tests
Washing Resistance

WASH-AND WEAR FINISHING OF TEXTILES

Spin Finish

SOIL RESISTANT SPIN FINISH FOR POLYAMIDE TEXTILE YARN

METALLIZED TEXTILE

Acaricide
Bactericide and Fungicide

CELLULOSIC TEXTILE FINISH WITH 1,3-DIMETHYLOL4-5DIHYDROXY-2-IMIDAZOLIDINONE, ZINC NITRATE AND A SEQUESTERING AGENT

PROCESSES FOR GENERATING HALAMINE COMPOUNDS ON TEXTILE SUBSTRATES TO PRODUCE ANTIMICROBIAL FINISH

Textile Substrates
Hindered Amine to Halamine Reaction
Hindered Amine Compounds
Methods to Produce Halamine Finish on Textile Substrate
Measurement of Active Chlorine Present on Examle Fabrics

TECHNICAL TEXTILES

Agrotextiles
products
Screen
Bird Protection Net
Plant net
Harvesting nets
Root ball Net
Truf Protection Net
Mulch Mat
Nets for Covering Pallets
Packing Materials for Agricultural Products
Automotive Textiles
Car interiors
Seat Belt
Air Bags
Carpets
Tyre Cord Fabrics
Application Fibres used
Smart Textiles
Shape Memory Materials
Temperature Sensitive Fabric
Ultra Smart Textiles
Spacessuits
Musical Jackets
Intelligent Wear (1-Wear)
Data wear
Smart Clothes
Sports Jacket
Wearable Computer
Medical Textiles
Implantable Medical Textiles
Non implantable materials
Primary Wound Dressings
Absorbent
Bandages
Protective eye pad
Adhesive tapes
Extra Corporeat Devices
Artificial Kidney
Artificial Liver
Artificial heart
Mechanical Lung
Products used for Medical Surgical Dressings
Bandages
Plaster
Geotextiles
Uses of Geo Textiles
Filtration
Geotextile in roads
Adantages
Drainage
Erosion Control
Other benefits include
Rockfall Protection
Solution
Coastal Protection Gabions
Solution
Adantages of Polymer Gabions
Protective Textiles
Protective Clothing Compilation
Extreme Cold
Ballistic Protective Materials
Chemical Protection
Biological Protection
Advanced Eod Bomb suit and helmet
NBC Lightweight Overboot
Heat Protective
Conclusion

TEXTILE FORMULATIONS

Saturating the fabric with the solution at 160 Deg F
Saturate the fabric following desize solution at 140 Deg F
The typical scouring process
Saturate the fabric with the solution at 180 Deg

FLAME RETARDANTS FOR TEXTILES

Recipes

CHLORINATED AND BROMOCHLORINATED PARAFFINS AS FLAME RETARDANTS FOR FABRICS

Suggested Starting Formulations
Typical Coating Formulations
Paper to Textile
Pressure Sensitive Labels
Rubber/Resin Formula
Permanent, Rubber/Resin Formula
Properties
Polyvinyl Isobutyl Ether Formula
Vinyl Isobutyl Ether Formula
Water Soluble, Vinyl Ether/Resin Formula
Peelable, Acrylic Resin Formulae
Removable, Acrylic Resin Formula
Water Removable, Acrylic Resin Formula

TEXTILE SIZING

PIGMENT INK FORMULATION

Inkjet Inks Formulation
Textile Inks Water based
Colour Yield of an Ink Jet Printed Cotton Fabric
Ink Jet Textile Printing
Formulations (1-20)

LIST OF FORMULATIONS OF PRINTING INK

Lemon Yellow Printing Ink
Jobbing Black Ink
Colour Ink (Blue)
Super Gloss Ink (Blue)
Medium Quality Prints (Blue)
Cheap Quality Black Ink

PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION OF THE FORMULATIONS

Synthesis of a carbonylfunctional binder emulsion and a control emulsion

Synthesis of a carbonyl functional binder emulsion

Preparation of the seed latex
Preparation of the DAAM latex (WEBM011)
Synthesis of a control binder emulsion Preparation of the DAAM free latex (WEBM016)

The post Modern technology of textile auxiliary and chemicals with formulations appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.