Textiles – EIRI – eBooks and Project Reports https://projectreports.eiriindia.org We Create Industrialist Sat, 01 Jun 2019 03:38:46 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.3 https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/cropped-logo-1-32x32.jpg Textiles – EIRI – eBooks and Project Reports https://projectreports.eiriindia.org 32 32 BLEACHING & DYEING OF TEXTILES IN THE HOSIERY INDUSTRY https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/bleaching-dyeing-textiles-hosiery-industry/ Thu, 15 Jan 2015 11:17:07 +0000 http://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=4272          The bleaching of the textile is done to bring the whiteness and  finishing in the fabric where as dyeing for various  shades. The art lies in colouring the textiles in such a manner that  the colour  may  be  fast or may not ordinarily be  removed  by  such operations  as  washing,  rubbing, sunlight etc. to which the textile are usually subjected.

The art of dyeing is a branch of applied chemistry in which a severe use of both physical and chemical principle is made in order to bring about a permanent union between the dyes and the fibres.

•    INTRODUCTION
•    NEED OF THE FINISHING OF FABRIC
•    B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
•    MARKET SURVEY
•    MAJOR PLAYERS IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY
•    MANUFACTURING PROCESS
•    DETAILS OF BLEACHING PROCESS
•    DETAILS OF DRYING PROCESS
•    DETAILS OF DYEING PROCESS
•    FINISHING OF CLOTH
•    APPLICATION OF SYNTHETIC RESINS
•    WATER REPELLENT FINISHING
•    FIRE PROOF FINISHING
•    DETAILS OF DIFFERENT TEXTILE OPERATION
•    EFFLUENT TREATMENT IN TEXTILE
•    MEMBRANE PROCESSES
•    PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
•    PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
•    EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
•    PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
•    SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
•    SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERILS

APPENDIX – A :

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

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]]> TEXTILE BLEACHING, DYEING AND FINISHING & PRINTING https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/textile-bleaching-dyeing-finishing-printing/ Fri, 07 Nov 2014 10:07:41 +0000 http://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=3805               The bleaching of the textile is done to bring the  whiteness and  finishing in the fabric where as dyeing for various  shades.  The art lies in colouring the textiles in such a manner that  the colour  may  be  fast or may not ordinarily be  removed  by  such operations  as  washing,  rubbing, sunlight etc.   to  which  the textile are usually subjected.

The art of dyeing is a branch of applied chemistry in  which a  severe use of both physical and chemical principle is made  in order  to bring about a permanent union between the dyes and  the fibres.

True  dyeing  can  only take place when  the  dyeing  is  in solution and /or finaly divided or dispersed colloidal  condition and  the fibres are subjected to this dye in  solution  condition and  then  this  dye being rendered insoluble or  fixed  by  some means, when absorbed upon or within the fibres, or can be  direct contact  with the fibres.  There must exist some marked  physico-chemical  affinity  between the fibres and the  dye  which  would naturally depend upon the respective properties of both.

  Project Report Covers:

Introduction
Uses and Applications
Properties
Market Survey with future aspects
Present Manufacturers
B.I.S. Specifications
Manufacturing Process with Formulae
Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
Capacity
Land & Building Requirements with Rates
List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
Raw Materials
Details/List and Costs
Power & Water Requirements
Labour/Staff Requirements
Utilities and Overheads
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Cost of Production
Break Even Point
Profitability
Land Man Ratio
Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

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]]> TERRY TOWELS https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/terry-towels/ Tue, 30 Sep 2014 09:11:07 +0000 http://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=2871 Turkish  Towel  or Terry Towel is a fabric woven  with  Pile weave.   Pile weaves add variety to our fabrics.   These  fabrics are made by using additional werp or weft threads more often werp threads are added for economical production.  Terry is a term for pile  which is used to distinguish a variety or woven fabrics  on terryloom or handloom that are characterised by the formation  of loops  projecting  from  the  main body  of  the  fabric.   These additional  yarns  are inserted by use of comparatively  slack  & course material only.  There loops may be attained on either both sides  of fabric or the face side only.  The loops are formed  by insertion  of  entra  series  of warpends in  a  fixed  order  of sequence.   The fabrics with uncut loops appearing on both  sides of  the fabric are known as "TERRY CLOTHS"  The uncut  loops  are fastened  into  the  basic plain or  Tunill  ground  weave.   The additional  pile yarns are usually course in structure &  loosely spun  so  as to cause maximum water  absorbency.   Additional  of these ends does not affect the basic weave.

Project Report Covers:

  •     Introduction
  •     Uses and Applications
  •     Properties
  •     Market Survey with future aspects
  •     Present Manufacturers
  •     B.I.S. Specifications
  •     Manufacturing Process with Formulae
  •    Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
  •     Capacity
  •     Land & Building Requirements with Rates
  •     List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
  •     Raw Materials
  •     Details/List and Costs
  •     Power & Water Requirements
  •     Labour/Staff Requirements
  •     Utilities and Overheads
  •     Total Capital Investment
  •     Turnover
  •     Cost of Production
  •     Break Even Point
  •     Profitability
  •     Land Man Ratio
  •     Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

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]]> TEXTILE DYEING https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/textile-dyeing/ Wed, 24 Sep 2014 11:52:43 +0000 http://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=2739 Synthetic  filament yarns may be imparted  precious  service features by modifying their structure. With this aim, use is made of  the  specific  properties of  synthetic  fibres,  i.e.  their thermal  plasticity,  high  elasticity  and  capacity  of  stable maintenance  of the newly imparted structure. Such yarns  with  a modified  structure are called textured and the process of  their manufacture  is  called texturing. In the majority  of  texturing processes  filaments  are  subjected to  mechanical  action  with simultaneous   heating  for  setting  the   modified   structure. Pneumatic  texturing may be also employed, which provides  yearns with  a stable structure with out additional treatment.  Textured yarns  differ from initial yarns by high  bulkiness,  crimpiness, porosity,   softness,   and  some  of  them   by   high   elastic extensibility. Goods of textured yarns have good draping capacity and   coverage.   air  permeability,  moisture   absorption   and evaporation.  These  goods present  comparatively  high  hygienic characteristics.  Textured yarns have considerably  enlarged  the field of synthetic yarn use & ensured a better quality of textile and knitted goods.

Project Report Covers:

  •     Introduction
  •     Uses and Applications
  •     Properties
  •     Market Survey with future aspects
  •     Present Manufacturers
  •     B.I.S. Specifications
  •     Manufacturing Process with Formulae
  •    Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
  •     Capacity
  •     Land & Building Requirements with Rates
  •     List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
  •     Raw Materials
  •     Details/List and Costs
  •     Power & Water Requirements
  •     Labour/Staff Requirements
  •     Utilities and Overheads
  •     Total Capital Investment
  •     Turnover
  •     Cost of Production
  •     Break Even Point
  •     Profitability
  •     Land Man Ratio
  •     Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

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]]> BED SHEET, BED COVER, SOFA CLOTH, CURTAIN CLOTH (HOME FURNISHING) https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/bed-sheet-bed-cover-sofa-cloth-curtain-cloth-home-furnishing/ Thu, 18 Sep 2014 10:35:46 +0000 http://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=2635  The growth of the powerloom industry has predominantly  been in  the small towns and villages; The villages and towns  growing in economic strength.

Fabric  construction involves the conversion of  yarns,  and sometimes  fibres into a fabric having characteristics  depending by the materials and methods employed. Most fabrics are presently produced  by  some  method  of interlacing  such  as  weaving  or knitting.   Weaving,  currently,  the  major  method  of   fabric production, includes the basic weaves, plain or tabby, twill  and satin & the fancy weaves including pile, jaquaid, dobby & quage.

Project Report Covers:

  •     Introduction
  •     Uses and Applications
  •     Properties
  •     Market Survey with future aspects
  •     Present Manufacturers
  •     B.I.S. Specifications
  •     Manufacturing Process with Formulae
  •    Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
  •     Capacity
  •     Land & Building Requirements with Rates
  •     List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
  •     Raw Materials
  •     Details/List and Costs
  •     Power & Water Requirements
  •     Labour/Staff Requirements
  •     Utilities and Overheads
  •     Total Capital Investment
  •     Turnover
  •     Cost of Production
  •     Break Even Point
  •     Profitability
  •     Land Man Ratio
  •     Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

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]]> COTTON (RUI) FROM WASTE COTTON CLOTH https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/cotton-rui-waste-cotton-cloth/ Tue, 09 Sep 2014 12:51:19 +0000 http://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=2472 COTTON (RUI) FROM WASTE COTTON CLOTH

(CODE NO1621)

The original of the cotton textile industry, the largest single industry in the country. In India, cotton has had a pride of place among cash crops from the earliest times. At present, the area under cotton crop is over 8 million hectares.

Cotton can be recycled from pre-consumer (post-industrial) and post-consumer cotton waste. Pre-consumer waste comes from any excess material produced during the production of yarn, fabrics and textile products, e.g. selvage from weaving and fabric from factory cutting rooms. Post-consumer waste comes from discarded textile products, e.g. used apparel and home textiles. During the recycling process, the cotton waste is first sorted by type and color and then processed through stripping machines that first breaks the yarns and fabric into smaller pieces before pulling them apart into fiber. The mix is carded several times in order to clean and mix the fibers before they are spun into new yarns.

Some of End Uses are

; Edible Oil Packing
; Vanaspati
; Milk, Curd and Butter milk
; Lamination Film
; Salt Atta etc.,
; Shrink Film, Stretch Film, Cling Film

Project Report Covers:

  •     Introduction
  •     Uses and Applications
  •     Properties
  •     Market Survey with future aspects
  •     Present Manufacturers
  •     B.I.S. Specifications
  •     Manufacturing Process with Formulae
  •    Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
  •     Capacity
  •     Land & Building Requirements with Rates
  •     List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
  •     Raw Materials
  •     Details/List and Costs
  •     Power & Water Requirements
  •     Labour/Staff Requirements
  •     Utilities and Overheads
  •     Total Capital Investment
  •     Turnover
  •     Cost of Production
  •     Break Even Point
  •     Profitability
  •     Land Man Ratio
  •     Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

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]]> TEXTILE AUXILIARIES AND CHEMICALS https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/textile-auxiliaries-chemicals-3/ Thu, 04 Sep 2014 11:16:45 +0000 http://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=2396         Textile   colouring  may  be  defined  as  the  process   or combination of process used to fix a colour or colors  uniformly, and  more  or less permanently, upon textile.  It  includes  bath dyeing and printing.

The  term  dyeing  is sometimes given  almost  as  bread  an interpretation  as  textile  colouring, but to  be  specific,  it should  include only those processes in which the entire body  of the  materials being colored is immersed in the coloring  both  a greater or less period of the time required for colouring.

PROJECT REPORT COVERS:

  •         Introduction
  •         Uses and Applications
  •         Properties
  •         Market Survey with future aspects
  •         Present Manufacturers
  •         B.I.S. Specifications
  •         Manufacturing Process with Formulae
  •        Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
  •         Capacity
  •         Land & Building Requirements with Rates
  •         List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
  •         Raw Materials
  •         Details/List and Costs
  •         Power & Water Requirements
  •         Labour/Staff Requirements
  •         Utilities and Overheads
  •         Total Capital Investment
  •         Turnover
  •         Cost of Production
  •         Break Even Point
  •         Profitability
  •         Land Man Ratio
  •         Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

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]]> Textile Processing Chemicals, Enzymes, Dye Fixing Agents and Other Finishes with Project Profiles https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/textile-processing-chemicals-enzymes-dye-fixing-agents-finishes-project-profiles/ Fri, 28 Mar 2014 11:35:23 +0000 http://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=1671 The book Textile Processing Chemicals, Enzymes, Dye Fixing Agents and Other Finishes with Project Profiles covers Enzymes used in Textile Processing, Enzymatic Bioprocessing, Antibacterial Agents, Textile Fibres Processing Enzymes, Fabric Finishing, Modification, Finishes, Soil Release Finishes of Fabrics, Flame Retardant Finishes, Thermal and Sorption Technology, Volatile Phosphorus, Chelating Agents, Dye fixing Agents, Anti static Agent with Spin Finish, Other important Finishes, Plant Economics of Acrylic Copolymer Emulsion, Plant Economics of Anti foaming Agents (Silicone based) for Distillery, Sugar Industry, Paper Plant etc. Plant Economics of Cationic Softener, Plant Economics of Chelated Zinc (ZNEDTA)12%, Plant Economics of Chelated Zinc EDTA & Chelated Copper EDTA, Plant Economics of Dye Fixing Agent (Low formaldehyde for Pigment Printing Like Acrafix ML), Plant Economics of Dye Fixing Agents (Non Formaldehyde Dyefixing Agent For Direct/Reactive Printing Like Tinofix FRD OF M/S CIBA GAIGY), Plant Economics of Dye Levelling Agent, Plant Economics of Enzyme Used for Denim Cloth and Garment Washing , Plant Economics of Enzymes Bio Technology based , Plant Economics of Non ionic Surfacetants Wetting Agents, Plant Economics of Silicone Emulsion for Textile, Plant Economics of Sizing Softener (Silk Sizing Liquid Water Soluble), Plant Economics of Textile & Finishing Agents, Plant Economics of Textile Printing Paste (GUM).

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]]> TEXTILE PROCESSING CHEMICALS, ENZYMES, DYE FIXING AGENTS AND OTHER FINISHES WITH PROJECT PROFILES

  • Enzymes used in Textile Processing
  • Enzymes as proteins
  • Biocatalyst Enzymes
  • Nomenclature
  • Activities of enzymes
  • Induced fit model
  • Enzymatic Reactions
  • Mechanism
  • Enzymes used in Textile
  • Amylase
  • Pectinase for Enzymes
  • Catalase
  • Cellulase
  • Laccases (copper containing oxidase enzymes)
  • Lipase (Water sluble enzyme)
  • Glucose oxidase enzyme
  • Xylanase

ENZYMATIC BIOPROCESSING

  • Utilization
  • Enzymes-Natural Biocatalysts
  • Inotex enzymatic products for bast fibre extraction improvement
  • Treatment of Mechanical opening & cleaning
  • Processing of Fiax, Hemp and Linseed
  • Enzymatic enrichment of dew retting  process
  • REA 120 machinery concept for fibres opening and cleaning
  • Typical conditions
  • Repair of retted fibres
  • Repair of worst quality dew retted fibres with Texazym SCW
  • Material friendly cottonization
  • Effect of different commercial enzymes on the hemp fibre fineness improvement
  • Device for wet processing of loose fibres (tows for example)
  • Effect of different commercial enzymes on the improvement of hemp fibre fineness (fibre diameter) & tenacity
  • Processing of flax scutching tow (low quality) with Texazym BFE
  • Processing of linseed (variety Amon) tow with Texazym BFE
  • Application of enzymes (utilize fibre from linseed straw)
  • Laroche cottonization line
  • Comparison of stem biomass yield of different linseed varieties
  • Linen eco yarms and pretreatment of flax roving
  • Enzymatic processing of linseed  stems, cultivar Amon
  • Improvement of whiteness after enzymatic bio retting for eco yarm production comparison of Texazym SCW with other types of enzymes
  • Results of industrial trials with enzymatic treatment of flax rovings
  • Technical bast fibre applications
  • Results

ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS

  • Introduction
  • textile antimicrobial treatments
  • Antimicrobial finishing agents
  • Quaternary ammonium
  • Triclosan
  • Metallic salts
  • The bacterial counting test for comparing the antibacterial activity of metallic ioaded cotton
  • Plasma sputtering
  • The schematic view of Plasma sputtering system
  • The inhibitin zone of S aureus around untreated and copper coated cotton
  • Chitosan
  • The bacterial counting test for untreated wool with E coli
  • The bacterial counting test for untreated wool with S aureus
  • The bacterial counting test for silver coated wool with E.Coli
  • The bacteriala  counting test for silver coared wool with s aureus
  • Quantitative Evaluation Against S. Aureus (Shake Flask Method)
  • Comparison of bacterial reduction before and after coating cotton fabrics with chitosan PBA particles or chitosan solution
  • Cyclodextrin
  • TEM micrographs of chitosan PBA particles stained for an appropriate period with 2% PTA solution
  • Mechanisms of antimicrobial finishes
  • Practical biocides
  • Evaluation of antimicrobial finishes
  • The future
  • Comparison between different AATCC test methods

TEXTILE FIBRES PROCESSING  ENZYMES

  • Biotechnology
  • Production of enzymes
  • Role of enzymes in textile processing
  • Amylases
  • Textile desizing
  • Pectinases
  • Enzymatic scouring
  • Cellulases
  • Denim finishing
  • Pilling and fuzz fibre removal
  • Serine profeases subtilisins
  • Enzymatic treatment of wool
  • Cysterine proteases papain
  • Degumming of silk
  • Transgulutaminases (TGs)
  • Treatment of leather and wool
  • Lipases/esterases cutinase
  • Surface modification of synthetic fibres
  • Nitrilases and nitrile hydratases
  • Surface modification of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
  • Laccases
  • Decolourization of textile bleaching and dyes
  • Catalases
  • Treatment of bleach liquor
  • Conclusions and fuure prospects

FABRIC FINISHING

  • Theory
  • Crosslinking Cellulose
  • Crease Recovery
  • Definitions
  • Cellulose Crosslinkers
  • Reactions of Formal dehyde
  • Formalion of Hydroxymethyl Derivatives
  • Reactions of Hydroxymethyl
  • Resin Formers (Aminoplasts)
  • Urea/Frmaldehyde (U/F)
  • Malamine/Formaldehyde
  • Synthesis of Hexamethoxymethyl Melamine
  • Important Features
  • Reactants
  • Dimethylolethylene Urea (DMEU)
  • Dimethylol-4/5 Dihydroxyethylene Urea (DMDHEU)
  • Carbamates
  • Controlling Formaldehyde
  • Atmospheric Formaldehyde
  • Fabrics Formaldehyde
  • Free Formaldehyde
  • Formaldehyde Release
  • Responsible for HCHO Release
  • Fabric pH and Formaldehyde Release
  • Effect of pH on CH2O Release
  • Technology of Reducing Frmaldehyde Release
  • Scavengers
  • Modified DMDHEU
  • Methylated DMDHEU
  • Diethyleneglycolated DMDHEU (ULf)
  • Alkylated DMDHEU
  • Non formaldehyde Dp Finishes
  • Formaldehyde Release Comparison of Modified DMDHEU
  • dimethyl-4-5, Dihydroxyethylene UREA (DMeDHEU)
  • Synthesis
  • Important Features
  • Butanetetracarboxylic Acid (BTCA)Sodium Hypophosphite
  • Sodium Phosphate
  • Reactive Silicones
  • Liquid Ammonia
  • Durable Press Catalyst
  • Bronsted Acids
  • Ionization Constant
  • Hydrogen Ion Concentration
  • Latent Acids
  • Lewis Acids
  • Important Considerations
  • Specific Catalyst and their use
  • Free Acids
  • Latent Acids
  • Metal Salts
  • Hot Catalyst
  • Buffers and Alkalinity
  • Buffers
  • Alkalinity
  • Chemical Process
  • Methylolation
  • Alkylation of N-Methylol Compounds
  • Proton Activated Alkylation
  • Cellulose Crosslinking with Lewis Acids
  • Alkoxylated Products (Reaction)
  • Crosslinking with Alkoxykated  N-Methylol Cmpounds
  • Stability of Crosslink to Laundering
  • Hydrolysis of Cellulose Crosslinks
  • Properties Fabric
  • Durable Press Performance
  • Important Points
  • Relationship of DP Performance versus DMDHEU Add on
  • Different Crosslinkers
  • Tensile, Tear and Abrasion Resistance
  • Crease Recovery versus Resin Concentration
  • Important to Remember
  • Physical properties versus Add-on
  • Crease Recovery versus Curing Temperature
  • Important to Remember
  • Crease Recovery versus Temperature of Cure and Resin type
  • Other Fabric Properties
  • Shrinkage
  • Yellowing
  • Chlorine Resistance
  • Fabric Odor

MODIFICATION

  • Handbuilders
  • Non-durable
  • Starch
  • Polyvinyl Alcohol
  • Durable
  • Thermosetting Polymers
  • Thermoplastic Polymers
  • Suitable Monomers/Suitable Monomers/Comonomers
  • Fabric Softeners
  • Coefficient of Friction
  • Viscosity
  • Important Points to Remember
  • Selection of Softener
  • Raw Material Availability
  • Fat Derived Raw Materials
  • Softener Classifications
  • Anionic Softeners
  • Sulfates
  • Fatty Alcohol Sulfates
  • Sulfated Fatty Acid Esters
  • Sulfonated Fatty Amides and Esters
  • Sulfoethyl Fatty Esters (IGEPON A)
  • Sulfoethyl Fatty Amides (IGEPON)
  • Properties of Anionic Softeners
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Cationic Softeners
  • Adsorption on Fiber Surface
  • Amine Functional Cationic Softeners
  • Cationic Amine Salts
  • Fatty Aminoesters
  • Fatty Amidoamides
  • Imidazolines
  • Quaternary Ammonium Salts
  • Synthesis of Monofatty Quats
  • Properties of Cationic Softeners
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Nonionic Softeners
  • Polyethylene Emulsions
  • Composition of Polyethylene Emulsions
  • Typical Composition
  • Ethoxylated Nonionic Softeners
  • Silicone Chemistry
  • Reaction of  Monochlorosilanes wiith Water
  • Reaction of Dichlorosilanes with Water
  • Reaction of Trichlorosilanes with Water
  • Reaction of Hydogen silances with Water
  • Silicone Softeners
  • Dimethyl Fluids
  • Methylhydrogen Fluids
  • Amino Functional Silicones
  • Orientation of Dimethyl Fluids on Fiber Surface
  • Epoxy Functional Silicones
  • Properties
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages

FINISHES

  • Chemistry of Wetting
  • Spreading of Liquids on Smooth Surfaces
  • Work of Adhesion
  • Critical Surface Tension
  • Critical Surface Tension of Teflon
  • Critical Surface Tensions of Smooth Surfaces
  • Critical Surface Tension of end Groups
  • Contact Angles in Real Systems
  • Repellent Finishes
  • Hydrocarbon Hydrophobes
  • Paraffin Waxes
  • Wax Emulsion Composition
  • Fiber Reactive Hydrocarbon Hydrophobes
  • N-Methylol Stearamide
  • Pyridinium Compounds
  • Resin Formers
  • Metal Complexes
  • Silicone Water Repellents
  • Application to Fabrics
  • Advantages and Disadvantages
  • Fluorochemical Repellents
  • Effect of Fluorination on Critical Surface Tension
  • Commercial Products
  • Effect of Perfluoro Side Chain
  • Polymer Backbone Effect
  • Relationship between Oil Repellency and Length of Perfluoroalkyl Side Chain
  • Add on
  • Extenders
  • Oil Repellency versus Fluorochemical Add-on
  • Finishing of Repellent with Fluorochemicals
  • Rainwear
  • Typical Rainwear Formulation
  • Stain and Soil Retardancy
  • Uphotstery Anti soil Finishes
  • Treatments of Carpet Anti soil
  • Fluorochemical Finishes
  • Other Carpet Antisoil Treatments
  • Light Scattering Fibers
  • Stain Blockers

SOIL RELEASE FINISHES OF FABRICS

  • Soils
  • How fabrics are Soiled
  • Removal of soil
  • Particulate Soil
  • Oily Soils
  • Roll up Mechanism
  • Rolling up Process of Soil Release
  • Rollup Thermodyamics
  • Fiber Oil Detergent Interaction
  • Fiber
  • Effect of Hydrophobic Surfaces on Soil Release
  • Soil Release Chemicals
  • Acrylic Soil Release Finishes
  • Polymethacrylic Acid
  • Pol(methacrylic acid) Soil Release Finishes
  • Effect of Crosslinking
  • Methacrylic Acid Ethyl Acrylate Co-Polymers
  • Mechanism
  • 70/30 Methacrylic Acid Ethyl Acrylate SR Finish
  • Effect of Crosslinking
  • Practical Considerations & Fabric Properties
  • Dual Action Fluorochemical Soil Release
  • Polymer Composition
  • Method
  • Practical Considerations & Fabric Properties
  • Fluorochemical Soil  Release Agent
  • Flip Flop Mechanism
  • Polyoxyethylene Copolymers
  • Polyoxyethylene Type SR Finish
  • Sulfoisophthalic Acid Copolymers
  • Sulphoisophthalic Type SR Agent
  • Practical Considerations & Fabric Properties
  • Most Important Points to Remember
  • Non Ionic Detergents
  • Effect of Surfactant Type on Soil Removal From Polymer Films
  • Soil Release Tests
  • Release Point
  • Rp Determinations
  • Roll up of Oil in Detergent Solutions
  • Application of Rp Measurements
  • Results Versus Residual Soil
  • Geometry of Yams and Fabrics

FLAME RETARDANT FINISHES

  • Details of Combustion
  • Flammability Parameters for Fibers
  • Combustion of Cellulose
  • Combustion Cycle
  • Cellulose Pyrolysis Products
  • Other Pryolysis Products
  • Flame Retardancy
  • Feedback Mechanism
  • Combustion Feedback Mechanism
  • Char Frmation
  • Parameters that Characterize Burning Textiles
  • How Certain Elements Work
  • Boron
  • Phosphorus & Nitrogen
  • Halogens
  • Flame Retardant Chemicals & Processes for Cellulose
  • Non Durable
  • Boric Acid/Borax
  • Dimmonium Phosphate and Phosphoric Acid
  • Sulfarmic Acid and Ammonum Sulfamate
  • Durable
  • Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium Derivatives
  • Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium Hydroxide (THPOH)
  • Fyrol 76
  • Phosphonic and Phosphoric Acid Derivatives
  • Retardant Method for Specific Fibers
  • Rayon Additives
  • Polyeste
  • Decabromodiphenyl Oxide (DBDPO)
  • Tris(2-3 Dibromopropyl) Phosphate (TRIS)
  • Antiblaze 19T
  • Nylon
  • Thiourea urea Melamine
  • Halogenated Systems
  • Polyester/Cotton Blends
  • Decabromodiphenyl Oxide Antimony Oxide
  • Wool
  • Dyebath Exhaustible Finishes
  • Titanium Complexes
  • Hexafluoro Zircnates

THERMAL AND SORPTION TECHNOLOGY

  • Thermal behaviour
  • Materials for flame protection
  • Flame resistant Cellulosics
  • Thermal and flame retardant properties of some fibres
  • Flame retardant Polyester
  • Flame retardant Acrylic
  • Armids
  • Phenolics
  • Modacrylic
  • Aim of our work
  • Experimental
  • Materials
  • Fibres used for thermal and sorption study
  • Methods
  • Thermal analysis
  • Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
  • Sorption study
  • Dynamic Sorption Analysis
  • Water Retention Value
  • Visualization of burned fibers
  • Results and discussion
  • Thermal analysis
  • Mass changes by TGA
  • TGA graph of cellulosics
  • TGA plots of synthetic FR fibers
  • TGA plots of melamine & modacrylic fibers
  • TGA plots of other high performance
  • Energy changes by DSC
  • DSC Plots of cellulosics
  • DSC Plots of synthetic FR fibers
  • Sorption study
  • Water vapor sorption
  • DSC plots of melamine & modacrylic fibers
  • Sorption isotherms of cellulosics
  • Sorption isotherms of synthetic FR fibres
  • Water retention values (WRV)
  • WRV of standard and modified cellulosics
  • WRV of synthetic FR fibers
  • Visualization of burned fibers
  • SEM images of FR fibers before and after burning
  • conclusions and Outlook

VOLATILE PHOSPHORUS

  • Experimental
  • Materials
  • Formulation and Application of Back coating
  • Flame retardants used and their chemical characteristics
  • Flammability Measurement
  • Generic back coating formulation
  • Thermal Analytical Procedures
  • Results & Discussion
  • Phosphorus Mobility in back coated Formulations
  • TGA responses of Antiblaze CU, tributyl phosphate (TBP), triphenyl phosphate (TPP), and triphenylphosphene oxide (TPPO) under nitrogen
  • Phosphorus Retention in Fabric Chars
  • Flammability testing results of back coated  cotton and polyprpylene fabrics after a 40 Deg C water soak treatment
  • TGA and LOI results for back coated 360 pergm cotton fabrics
  • Difference between actual and theoretical phosphorus contents (P) of charred back coated cotton fabric
  • Phosphorus concentrations and residual weights for back coated cotton samples containing 250 dry parts Antibiaze MCM in the formulation
  • Phosphorus concentrations and residual weights for back coated cotton samples containing 250 dry parts Antiblaze NH in the formulation
  • Phosphorus concentrations and residual weights for back coated cotton samples containing 250 dry parts Antiblaze  CU in the formulation
  • Phosphorus concentrations and residual weights for back coated cotton samples containing 100 dry parts Antiblaze CU in the formulation
  • Addition of Volatile Components to APP
  • Flammability testing for mixed flame retardant formulations (prewater soak)
  • Phosphorus concentrations and residual weights for back coated cotton samples containing 250 dry parts Fyrol 51 in the formulation
  • Phosphrus concentrations and residual weights for back coated cotton samples containing 100 dry parts Fyrol 51 in the Formulation
  • Durability results and flammability testing (postwater soak)

CHELATING AGENTS

  • Synthetic Chelating Agents
  • Ligno Sulfonates
  • Humic or Fulvic acids
  • Organic Acids
  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
  • Protein (Amino Acids)

DYE FIXING AGENTS

  • Application Examples

ANTI STATIC AGENT WITH SPIN FINISH

  • Examples
  • Method of production of amine alkoxylates
  • Conversion to dialkyl sulphate quaternaries
  • Conversion to EO/PO block copolymer
  • heat Stability
  • Ester based
  • Mineral oil based

OTHER IMPORTANT FINISHES

  • Antipill Fabric Finishing
  • Mechanism of Pilling
  • Pill Formation
  • Pill Build up
  • Factors Affecting Pill Formation
  • Fiber variables
  • Yarn Variables
  • Fabric Construction
  • Preparaton and Dyeing
  • Fabric Finishing
  • Film Forming Binders
  • Durable Press Reactants
  • Fabric Softeners
  • Singing and Shearing
  • Heat setting
  • Summary
  • Antistatic Finishes
  • Causes of Static
  • Problems Caused by Static Electricity
  • Mechanism of Control
  • Static Fliminators
  • Antistatic Agents
  • Fiber Polymer modications
  • Non Durable Antistatic Agents
  • Cationic Materials
  • Non Ionic Materials
  • Durable Antistatic Finishes

PLANT ECONOMICS OF ACRYLIC COPOLYMER EMULSION

  • Plant and Machnery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF ANTI FOAMING AGENT (SILICONE BASED) FOR DISTILLERY, SUGAR INDUSTRY, PAPER PLANT ETC.

  • Plant and Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF CATIONIC SOFTENER

  • Plant and Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF CHELATED ZINC (ZN-EDTA) 12%

  • Plant and Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/ Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF CHELATED ZINC EDTA & CHELATED COPPER EDTA

  • Plant and Machinery
  • Fixed  Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF DYE FIXING AGENTS (LOW FORMALDEHYDE FOR PIGMENT PRINTING LIKE ACRAFIX ML)

  • Plant & Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF DYE FIXING AGENTS (NON FORMALDEHYDE DYEFIXING AGENT FOR DIRECT/REACTIVE PRINTING LIKE TINOFIX  FRD OF M/S CIBA GAIGY)

  • Plant and Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF DYE LAVELLING AGENT

  • Plant and Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF ENZYME USED FOR DENIM CLOTH AND GARMENT WASHING 

  • Plant and Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMIC OF ENZYMES BIO TECHNOLOGY BASED 

  • Plant and Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF NON IONIC SURFACTANTS WETTING AGENTS

  • Plant and Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF SILICONE EMULSION FOR TEXTILE

  • Plant and Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF SIZING SOFTENER (SILK SIZING LIQUID WATER SOLUBLE)

  • Plant and Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF TEXTILE & FINISHING AGENTS

  • Plant and Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF TEXTILE PRINTING PASTE (GUM)

  • Plant and Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn over/Annum

Engineers India Research Institute (EIRI) is a renowned name in the industrial world for offering technical and financial consultancy services.

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The post Textile Processing Chemicals, Enzymes, Dye Fixing Agents and Other Finishes with Project Profiles appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

]]> 44 Project Reports on Textile, Garments, Hosiery & Allied https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/44-project-reports-textile-garments-hosiery-allied/ Tue, 25 Mar 2014 06:44:09 +0000 http://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=1527 Following are the 44 Project Reports:

  • Bra And Panty (EOU) Ladies Under Garments
  • Bed Sheet, bed Covers Furnishing
  • Buckram
  • Blanket Manufacture From Shoody
  • Bleaching, Dyeing, Printing & Finishing of Textile
  • Bandage Cloth Weaving on Power Loom
  • Cotton Yarn
  • Carpet From Cotton Waste
  • Canvas Cloth
  • Denim Jeans, Jackets, Shirts & Skirts with Dyeing
  • Denim Cloth (Bleaching, Dyeing, Printing)
  • Disposable Baby Diaper
  • Embroidery on Fabrics

The post 44 Project Reports on Textile, Garments, Hosiery & Allied appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

]]>
  • Bra And Panty (EOU) Ladies Under Garments
  • Bed Sheet, bed Covers Furnishing
  • Buckram
  • Blanket Manufacture From Shoody
  • Bleaching, Dyeing, Printing & Finishing of Textile
  • Bandage Cloth Weaving on Power Loom
  • Cotton Yarn
  • Carpet From Cotton Waste
  • Canvas Cloth
  • Denim Jeans, Jackets, Shirts & Skirts with Dyeing
  • Denim Cloth (Bleaching, Dyeing, Printing)
  • Disposable Baby Diaper
  • Embroidery on Fabrics
  • Hosiery & Textile Cloth Processing
  • Hosiery Industry
  • Hosiery Cloth (Cotton) Processing (Bleach, Dye, Finish of Cloth
  • Knitted Cloth (Shrineed)
  • Laundry and Dry Cleaners
  • Leather Garments (Jacket & Pants)
  • Leather Garments Shoes & Chappal Etc.
  • Laminated Fabric Embossing
  • Metallic Buttons
  • Nylon Gip Fasteners
  • Neck Tie
  • Polyester Hosiery Label and Patches
  • Plastic Buttons (By Injection Molding Method)
  • Readymade Garments (Only Ladies) Gowns, Shirts, Blouse
  • Ready Made Salwar Suit
  • Socks Knitting
  • Sanitary Napkins
  • Silk Fabric (Power Loom)
  • Sewing Thread Reels & Balls Maring Industry
  • Silk Sarees (Power Loom)
  • Surgical Cotton & Bandage
  • Screen Printing By Textiles
  • Surat Jari
  • Starch Book Binding Cloth
  • Textile Bleaching Dyeing & Finishing (Job Work)
  • T-Shirts
  • Terry Towel (E.O.U.)
  • Textile Auxilliaries & Chemicals
  • Velvet Cloth By Flocking Process
  • Yarn Dyeing
  • Woolen Sweaters

    •  

    Each DETAILED FEASIBILITY REPORT covers
     

    • Introduction
    • Uses and Applications
    • Properties
    • Market Position
    • Present Manufacturers
    • Process of Manufacture
    • Formulations
    • B.I.S. Specifications
    • Process Flow Sheet Diagram,
    • Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
    • Capacity
    • Land & Building Requirements with Rates
    • List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
    • Raw Materials Details/List and Costs
    • Power & Water Requirements
    • Labour/Staff Requirements
    • Utilities and Overheads
    • Total Capital Investment
    • Turnover
    • Cost of Production
    • Break Even Point
    • Profitability
    • Land Man Ratio
    • Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials

    The post 44 Project Reports on Textile, Garments, Hosiery & Allied appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

    ]]>         Technology of Textile Chemicals with Formulations https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/technology-textile-chemicals-formulations/ Mon, 24 Mar 2014 08:11:55 +0000 http://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=1512 The book Technology of Textile Chemicals with formulations  covers  Technology of Fabric Manufacture,Agents for Textile Printing Binders, Scouring, Surfactants, Surface Active Compounds as Basic Components,Thickening Agent for Textile Material,Thickening Agent Based on Tamarind Seed Gum, Aloe Vera Gel based Thickening Agent, Bleaching, Bleaching of Wool,Laccases for Denim Bleaching, Cationic Fixing Agents, Treatment of Textile Wastewater, Optical brighteners,  Plant Fibres for Textiles Extraction of Plant Dyes, Dyeing with Disperse Dyes, Wool Dyeing and Silk Fibres,  Morphology of Wool, Conductive Polyelectrolytes,  Fibres Conductance Analysis, Dependence of Conformational State of Polyelectrolyte on pH, Plant Economics of Detergent Paste (Textile Grade), Plant Economics of Dispersant for Textiles, List of Formulations of Printing Ink,  Properties and Application of the Formulations, Anti Crease Formulations Auxiliary for Textile Wet Finishing Formulation, Ant Microbial and Anti Crease Formulation, Crease and wrinkle proofing cellulosic textile formulation, Formulation for Diquaternary Ammonium Salts as Textile Finishing Agents, Garments Dyeing Process and Fabric Dyeing Process Formulations.

    The post Technology of Textile Chemicals with Formulations appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

    ]]>     TECHNOLOGY OF TEXTILE CHEMICALS WITH FORMULATIONS

    TECHNOLOGY OF FABRIC MANUFACTURE

    Warp Size and Desizing
    Sources of Sizing Compounds
    Starch
    Starches Used as Textile size
    Chemical Constitution
    Starch Solutions
    Retrograding
    Modified Starch
    Thin Boiling Starch
    Dextrin
    British Gum
    Oxidized Starch
    Starch Ethers
    Desizing Starch
    Enzyme Desizing
    Amylase
    Effect of Temperature, pH and Electrolytes on Enzymatic Desizing
    Desizing with Acids
    Desizing with Oxidizing Agents
    Test for Starch
    Typical Procedures
    Synthesis
    Advantages and Disadvantages over starch
    Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)
    Synthesis of Polyvinyl Alcohol
    Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate
    Hydrolysis to Polyvinyl Alcohol
    Manufacturing Process
    Solution Properties
    Grades of PVA Available as Textile Size
    Film Properties
    Desizing PVA
    Effect of heat Setting on Removal of PVA
    Dehydration of PVA
    Size Recovery
    Acrylic Sizes
    Polyacrylic Acid
    Synthesis of Polyacrylic Acid
    Desizing Polyacrylic Acid
    Acrylic Acid Co-Polymers
    Effect of heat Setting on Removal
    Anhydride Formation
    Polyester Resin Sizes
    Other Additives

    AGENTS FOR TEXTILE PRINTING BINDERS

    Acrylate binder
    Polyurethane binder
    Thickener solution
    Emulsifier L
    Emulsifier VA
    Emulsifier WN
    Acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymer dispersion
    Acramin Navyblue FBC
    Polyisocyanate
    Comparison 1: Oil-in-water emulsion print
    Testing method
    Brush washing test
    Examples
    Printing from aqueous dispersion

    SCOURING

    Composition of Natural Fibers
    Chemistry of Oils, Fats and Waxes
    Fats
    Triglycerides
    Hydrolysis of Triglycerides
    Acid Hydrolysis
    Saponification
    Fatty Acids
    Sources
    Vegetable Sources
    Saturated Fatty  Acids
    Castor Oil
    Coconut Oil
    Corn Oil
    Cottonseed Oil
    Olive Oil
    Palm Oil
    Linseed Oil
    Tall Oil
    Japan Wax
    Animal Sources
    Tallow
    Lard
    Whale Oil
    Chemical Wax
    Fatty Alcohols
    Sources of Fatty Alcohols
    Mineral Wax
    Paraffin
    Microcrystalline Wax
    Synthetic Wax
    Fatty Acids
    Fatty Alcohols
    Polyethylene Glycols
    PEG Esters
    Solvent Scouring
    Merits and Demerits
    Common Solvents
    Solvent Properties
    Non-flammable Solvents
    Aqueous Scouring
    Typical Formulation for Scouring Specific Fibers
    Cotton
    Batch Scouring Procedure
    Continuous Scouring Procedure
    Wool Raw Stock Scouring
    Silk
    Blends
    Test for Effective Scouring
    AATCC Test Method Number 79
    Water as a Raw Material
    Water Softening
    Lime Soda Process
    Cation Exchange
    Sequestration or Chelation
    Classes of Sequestering Agents
    Polyphosphates
    Formation of Polyphosphates
    Important Polyphosphates
    Advantages of Inorganic Phosphates
    Organophosphonic Acids
    Advantages and Disadvantages
    Aminocarboxylic Acids
    Advantages and Disadvantages
    Hydroxycarboxylic Acids
    Advantages and Disadvantages
    Formation of Complexes
    Formation Constant

    SURFACTANTS

    What do they do?
    How do they work?
    Penetrating and wetting fabric
    Loosening and emulsifying soils
    Examples
    Builders
    What do they do?
    How do they work?
    Examples
    Alkalis
    What do they do?
    How do they work?
    Examples
    Anti redeposition agents
    What do they do?
    How do they work?
    Examples
    Enzymes
    How do they work?
    Stain removal
    Colour and fabric care
    Examples
    Active Oxygen bleaches
    What do they do?
    How do they work?
    Examples
    Antimicrobial Agents
    What do they do?
    How do they work?
    Examples
    Fabric Softeners
    What do they do?
    How do they work?
    Optical Brighteners
    What do they do?
    How do they work?
    Examples
    Preservatives
    What do they do?
    How do they work?
    Examples
    Hydrotropes
    What do they do?
    How do they work?
    Examples
    Processing Aids
    What do they do?
    How do they work?
    Foam Regulators
    What do they do?
    Examples
    Corrosion Inhibitors
    What do they do?
    How do they  work?
    Examples
    Physical Chemistry of Surfactant Solutions
    Surface Tension
    Critical Micelle Concentration
    Classification of Surfactants
    By Use
    Wetting Agents
    Detergents
    Emulsifying Agents
    Dispersing Agents
    By Ionic Charge
    Nonionic Surfactants
    Ethoxylates
    Water Solubility of Ethoxylated Nonylphenol
    Cloud Point
    Hydrophilic Lyophilic Balance (HLB)
    Structure of Ethoxylated Nonylphenol
    Effect of Ethylene Oxide on Solubility Balance
    Performance
    A Wetting Times
    Detergency
    Anionic Surfactans
    Chemical Classification of Anionic Surfactants
    Cationic

    SURFACE-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AS BASIC COMPONENTS

    Anionic Surfactants
    Catonic Surfactants
    Zwitterionic (Amphoteric) Surfactants
    Nonionic Surfactants
    Technology of Surface-active compounds
    Examples
    Block polymer (component (a)
    Alkylphenol/aldehyde resin (component (b)
    Product according to the method

    THICKENING AGENT FOR TEXTILE MATERIAL

    Preparation of Soybean Hemicellulose
    Examples
    Printing Test

    THICKENING AGENT BASED ON TAMARIND SEED GUM

    Technology
    Materials
    Manufacturng of tamarind kernel powder
    Determination of chemical composition
    Preparation of thickening agent
    Preparation of printing pastes
    Printing procedure
    Colour strength and fastness properties
    Results and discussion
    Characterization of tamarind kernel powder
    Effect of disperse printing on colour value
    Effect of printing on fastness properties
    Effect of printing on fastness properties

    ALOE VERA GEL BASED THICKENING AGENT

    Experimental
    Materials
    Substrates
    Thickening Agents
    Dyes
    Auxiliaries and chemicals
    Methods
    Printing pastes
    Printing procedure
    Testing
    Results and discussion
    Thickener concentration
    Effect of urea concentration
    Citric acid concentration
    Super heated steam flxation temperature
    Steam fixation time
    Effect of storage time
    Effect of type of dyestuff and thickening agent
    Effect of the type of substrate

    BLEACHING

    Chemistry of Bleaching with Green Oxidation
    Oxidation
    Peroxide Activator Catalysis
    Motivation
    Challenges for Peroxide Bleaching
    Applications
    Common Bleaching Agents
    Sodium Hypochlorite
    Bleaching Mechanism
    Effect of pH
    Effect of Time and Temperature
    Effect of Metals
    Antichlor
    Uses
    Typical batch procedure
    Hydrogen peroxide
    Mechanism
    Effect of pH
    Effect of Time and Temperature
    Stabilizers
    Sodium Silicates
    Organic Stabilizers
    Phosphates
    Uses
    Bleaching Procedures
    Sodium Chlorite (NaClO2)
    Effect of pH
    Bleaching Mechanism
    Effect of Temperature
    Other Oxidative Bleaches
    Persulfates
    Perborates and Percarbonates
    Peracetic Acid
    Reductive bleaches
    Sulfur Dioxide
    Sodium Dithionate (Sodium Hydrosulfite)
    Test for Degree of Bleaching
    Whiteness
    Fluidity

    BLEACHING OF WOOL

    Experimental
    Materials
    Procedures
    Scouring
    Hydrogen peroxide bleaching
    Sodium borohydride bleaching
    Testing and  measurements
    Result and Discussion
    Hydrogen peroxide bleachng results
    Effect of SBH concentration on bleaching of wool
    Effect of SBS concentration on bleaching of wool
    Effect of bleaching temperature on whiteness and alkali solubility
    Effect of bleaching pH on whiteness and alkali solubility
    Effect of bleaching time on whiteness and alkali solubility
    Yellowing tendency of wool after bleaching
    Denim bleach effect
    Tradition chemical process
    Limitations
    Enzymatic bleaching effect on denim

    LACCASES FOR DENIM BLEACHING

    Laccases in Denim Bleaching

    CATIONIC FIXING AGENTS

    Experimental
    Fabric
    Dyes
    Cationic Fixing Agents
    Detergents
    Dyeing
    Direct dyeing of Cotton samples
    Reactive Dyeing of Cotton Samples
    Wash Fastness Testing
    Color Measurement
    Visual Assessment
    Discussion about technology
    Colorant Loss
    Comparison of Detergents
    Comparison of Cationic Materials
    Mechanism

    TREATMENT OF TEXTILE WASTEWATER

    Textile Wastewater Characteristics
    Advanced Oxidation process (AOPS)
    Ultraviolet Lamp
    Ozone
    O3/UVH2O2/UV
    O3/H2O2 (Peroxone)
    O2/H2O2/UV

    OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS

    Stilbene Type OBA
    Chemistry of optical brighteners and uses in textile industries
    History of OBA
    Direct(Substantive) Brightner
    Disperse Brightner
    Optical Brightners and its mechanism
    Properties
    Whitness and Brightness
    Light Fastness
    Washing Fastness
    Metameric Effect of OBA
    Other processes
    Mercerizing

    PLANT FIBRES FOR TEXTILES

    Plant fibres
    Morphology of  lignocellulosic fibres
    Fibre structure
    Conventional plant fibres
    Seed fibres
    Cotton
    Kapok
    Bast fibres
    Flax 224
    Jute225
    Hemp
    Ramie
    Kenaf
    Leaf fibres
    Sizal
    Abaca
    Henequen
    Non-conventional plant fibres
    Fibres from corn stover
    Wheat straw fibres
    Fibres from hop stems
    Banana, sugarcane bagasse and sponge gourd fibers
    Bamboo fibres
    Quinoa fibres
    Grass fibres
    Alfa or esparto fibres
    Sea grass-Zostera marina
    Applications of non conventional cellulose fibres

    EXTRACTION OF PLANT DYES

    Colour in textiles
    Dyes
    Natural dyes
    Plant dyes
    Animal dyes
    Synthetic dyes
    Characteristics of natural dyes
    Mordants
    Extraction of Dyes from Identified Plants
    Materials and methods used for the dye extraction
    Materials
    Method

    DYEING WITH DISPERSE DYES

    Disperse dyes
    Classification
    Azo disperse dyes
    Anthraquinone disperse dyes
    Other disperse dye classes
    Constitution and fastness properties
    Fastness to wet treatment
    Fastness to dry heat
    Fastness to light
    Hydrophobic fibres
    Polyester fibres
    Properties of polyester fibres
    Physical properties
    Chemical properties
    Acetate fibres
    Properties of acetate fibres
    Physical properties
    Chemical properties
    Disperse dyeing
    Basic principle
    The effects of variations in disperse dyeing
    Crystal form of the disperse dyes
    Dispersing agent
    Particle size in dispersion of the dyes
    pH of dyebath
    Substantivity of disperse dyes
    Temperature
    Fibre fineness
    Recent requirements in disperse dyeing technology
    Main methods of disperse dyeing
    Carrier dyeing
    High temperature dyeing
    Adsorption phase
    Diffusion phase
    Cleaning phase
    Thermosol process
    Dyeing Polyester with Disperse Dyes
    Immersion dyeing polyester
    Novel forms of disperse dyes
    Crayons
    Stamp pad Ink

    WOOL DYEING AND SILK FIBRES

    Background
    Fibres
    Comparing Wool and Silk
    Morphology of Wool
    Micro Structure of Wool
    Macro Structure of Wool
    Morphology of Silk
    Comparison Between Spider Silk and Silk from Silkworm

    CONDUCTIVE POLYELECTROLYTES

    Electrical Properties
    Optical Properties
    Absorption and Emission
    Relationship Between Absorption Spectrum and Electrical Conductivity
    Wool and Silk Dyeing
    Dyeing Dependence on Morphology of Fibre
    Wool Scouring
    Silk Degumming
    Industrial Acid Dyeing of Wool
    Industrial Acid Dyeing of Silk
    Auxiliaries Use for Industrial Acid Dyeing
    Continuous and Exhaust Dyeing Method
    Dyeing of Wool and Silk Fibre with PEDOT-S
    Experimental
    Materials and Chemicals
    Materials
    Chemicals
    Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) Non ionic detergent (lavolan DSU)
    Fibres and Yarns
    Methods
    Scouring of Wool
    Degumming of Silk
    dyeing Method
    Conductive Polymer combined with Silk fibers for Biomedical Electrodes

    FIBRES CONDUCTANCE ANALYSIS

    pH Determination
    Optical Microscopy
    Determination of Mechanical properties
    Results and Discussion
    Optical Microscopy
    Mechanical Properties
    Electrical Conductivity of dyed Silk and Wool Fibres and Yarns
    Error Estimation
    Proposed Model of Supramolecular Assembly of PEDOT-S onto  wol and Silk at Very Low pH

    DEPENDENCE OF CONFORMATIONAL STATE OF POLYELECTROLYTE ON PH

    pH of the Bath in Acid Dyeing
    Conformational States of Macromolecules at Different pH
    Supra Molecular Reaction of PEDOT-S and Protein Fibres

    PLANT ECONOMICS OF DETERGENT PASTE (TEXTILE GRADE)

    Formulation of Detergent Paste (Textile Grade)
    40% Detergent Paste
    20% Detergent Paste
    Plant and machinery
    Fixed capital
    Raw materials
    Total working capital/month
    Total capital Investment
    Turn Over/Annum

    PLANT ECONOMICS OF DISPERSANT FOR TEXTILES
    Process of manufacturing
    Ethoxylation
    Reactor
    Textile dispersant (fatty acid based) dispersol)
    Fatty Alcohol Polyethylene Oxide Condensate
    Condensate
    Formulations
    Procedures (as per Formulation)
    Plant economics
    Plant & Machinery

    Fixed Capital
    Raw Materials
    Total working capital/month
    Total Capital Investment
    Turn Over/Annum

    LIST OF FORMULATIONS OF PRINTING INK

    Lemon Yellow Printing Ink
    Jobbing Black Ink
    Colour Ink (Blue)
    Super Gloss Ink (Blue)
    Medium Quality Prints (Blue)
    Cheap Quality Black Ink

    PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION OF THE FORMULATIONS

    Examples
    Preparation of the seed latex
    Preparation of the DAAM latex(WEB011)
    Synthesis of a control binder emulsion Preparation of the DAAM free latex (WEBM016)

    ANTI CREASE FORMULATIONS

    Examples
    Application Examples

    AUXILIARY FOR TEXTILE WET FINISHING FORMULATIN

    ANTI MICROBIAL AND ANTI CREASE FORMULATION

    Examples
    Evaluation of fabric properties
    Tearing strength
    Crease recovery
    Advantages

    CREASE AND WRINKLE PROOFING CELLULOSIC TEXTILE FORMULATION

    Examples

    FORMULATION FOR DIQUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS AS TEXTILE FINISHING AGENTS

    Procedures for the preparation of dialkylaminoalkylbehenic acid amides or esters
    Application examples

    GARMENTS DYEING PROCESS AND FABRIC DYEING PROCESS FORMULATIONS

    Work procedure
    Garments dyeing process with vat dyes
    Typical formula
    Soaping

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