Yarn – EIRI – eBooks and Project Reports https://projectreports.eiriindia.org We Create Industrialist Wed, 12 Aug 2020 04:41:46 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.3 https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/cropped-logo-1-32x32.jpg Yarn – EIRI – eBooks and Project Reports https://projectreports.eiriindia.org 32 32 MANUFACTURING SILK YARN FROM RAW SILK COCOON https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/manufacturing-silk-yarn-from-raw-silk-cocoon/ Wed, 12 Aug 2020 04:41:45 +0000 https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=14011 Silk is the most prized of all the textile fibres. It is the continuous filament exuded by silk worm at the end of its larval period through a small opening under the jaws called the spinneret. The silk worm generates within itself a protein like viscons substance (fibroin) which on passing through two serefic glands near the mouth forms two separate fine filaments (brins) and these are cemented together in the spinneret into a single thread (save) by a gummy substance (sericin or silk gum). The extruded thread is used by the silkworm to spin a Cocoon, a protective oxal shell By a continuous motion of its head in arcs of circles the worms adds layer after layer of silk thread around itself in the form of figuse eight in this may a continuous thread is spcin, the web grows closer and the Cocoon is completed in 2-3 days, after which the enclosed silkworm passed from the Caterpillar stage into an inert Chrysalis or pupa.

For utilizing this thread, the Cocoon is steamed or heated by hot air to kill the inside pupa, soaked in hot water to soften the outer layer brushed to remove the outer floss and the thread recovered from the Cocoon by unwinding (reeling). The fibre so obtained constitutes the raw silk of Commerce.

The his tory of the culture of silk according to a Chinese lagend dates back to 2640 B.C when the Empress Si-Lang-Chi of China learned how to rear the silkworm and to unwind the filament that that formed their Cocoona. The Chinese monopolized the art of Seri Culture-reering of silk worm for Cocoon production-for over 3000 year after which the silk Culture spread clandestinely to Japan and India in the beginning of Christian Era. Between the ganges and Brahmaputra, the Indian silk industry soon become established. From India, it is believed to have gradually spread throughout central Asia to Persia Turkey and Arabia. In the 8th Century, it was carried into the countries influenced by the Moorish rule including Spain, Sicily and the African Cost.

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]]> INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES OF RAW SILK FIBRE
SILK DEGUMMED
USES OR APPLICATION
GRADING OF RAW SILK
DISEASES OF SILK WORMS & PREVENTIVE MEASURE
SERICULTURE
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
MARKET OVERVIEW OF SILK IN INDIA
EXPORT EARNINGS FROM SILK DURING 2016-17 TO 2018-19
COUNTRY WISE EXPORT EARNINGS FROM SILK GOODS DURING
2016-17 TO 2018-19
RAW MATERIALS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SILK YARN FROM RAW SILK CACOON
SORTING COCOON
SOFTENING THE SERICIN
REELING
THROWING
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
STEP IN SILK YARN MAKING
1. HARVESTING
2. STIFLING & SORTING
3. BOILING
4. DEFLOSSING
5. REELING
6. TWISTING & DYING
DETAILED PROCESS TO MANUFACTURE SILK YARN
CULTIVATION OF COCOONS:
BOILING OF COCOONS
FILATURE OPERATIONS:
1. SORTING COCOONS:
2. SOFTENING THE SERICIN:
3. REELING THE FILAMENT:
THROWING:
DEGUMMING OF THROWN SILK:
SERICULTURE
BREEDING SILKWORMS
FEEDING THE LARVA
SPINNING THE COCOON
STOVING THE CHRYSALIS
THE FILATURE
SORTING AND SOFTENING THE COCOONS
REELING THE FILAMENT
PACKAGING THE SKEINS
FORMING SILK YARN
DEGUMMING THROWN YARN
FINISHING SILK FABRICS
REELING OF NON MULBERRY COCOON
A) TASAR COCOON REELING
TABLE: REELING EFFICIENCY OF DOUPION SILK BY THE SIZES OF THREAD
TABLE: A TRIAL OF TASAR COCOON REELING
B) ERI COCOON SPINNING
TABLE: A SURVEY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF ERI COCOON BAVE
MANUFACTURE OF FLOSS SILK
DEGUMMING
OPENING-UP
FINISHING
TABLE: YIELD OF FLOSS SILK AND SPUN SILK BY DIFFERENT
COCOON RAW MATERIALS
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
PRIMARY FACTORS8
1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
2. MARKETS:
3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
4. WATER SUPPLY:
5. CLIMATE:
SPECIFIC FACTORS
6. TRANSPORTATION:
7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
8. LABOR:
9. REGULATORY LAWS:
10. TAXES:
11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
1. DEPRECIATION:
2. FIXED ASSETS:
3. WORKING CAPITAL:
4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:
5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:
6. MARGIN MONEY:
7. TERM LOANS:
8. TOTAL LOAD:
9. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT HANDLING
PROJECT SCHEDULING
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
TIME SCHEDULE
PLANT LAYOUT
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
BUYERS OF SILK YARN

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

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]]> YARN MANUFACTURING (POLYESTER & NYLON) https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/product/yarn-manufacturing-polyester-nylon/ Sat, 27 Jul 2019 06:38:18 +0000 https://projectreports.eiriindia.org/?post_type=product&p=12993 India is the largest producers and exporters of Polyester Yarn which has contributed a significant change in Indian economy growth. There are many textiles and garment manufacturing industries which have excelled in providing superior quality of materials. Hardik Textiles are one of the best Polyester Yarn Manufacturers in India which provides finest quality of yarn products in diverse requirements for the customers. The textile industry in India is varied and extremely used in various applications according to different products and its specialized features. Polyester began as a group of polymers in W.H. Carothers’ laboratory. Carothers was working for DuPoint at the time when he discovered that alcohols and carboxyl acids could be successfully combined to form fibers. Polyester was put on the back burner, however, once Carothers discovered nylon. A group of British scientists J.R. Whinfield. J.T. Dickson, W.K. Birtwhistle and C.G. Ritchie took up Carothers’ work in 1939. In 1941 they created the first polyester fiber called Terylene. In 1946 DuPont bouth all legal rights from the Brits and came up with another polyester fiber which they named Dacron. Today, polyester is still widely regarded as a “cheap, uncomfortable” fiber, but even now this image is slowly beginning to change with the emergence of polyester luxury fibers such as polyester micro fiber. Polyester is currently defined as Long chain polymers chemically composed of at least 85 percent by weight of an ester and a di-hydric alcohol and a terephthalic acid. The name polyester refers to the linkage of several monomers (esters) within the fiber. Esters are formed when alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid. Because of their many desirable qualities, polyester fibers and fabrics have many uses. Polyester is often used in outerwear because of its high tencity and durability. It is a strong fiber and consequently can withstand strong and repetitive movements. Its hydrophobic property makes it ideal for garments and jackets that are to be used in wef or damp environments-coating the fabric with a water resistant finish intensifies this effect. Many jackets and quilted garments are made of polyester, Since polyester can be molded into almost any shape, certain insulating properties can be built in to the fiber. One method is to create hollow fibers. This process traps air inside the fiber which is then heated by the body. The warm air stays inside and helps warm the body in good weather. A second method is to use crimped polyester in a fiberfill product. The crimp helps to keep in warm air. Polyester is an ideal fiber to use for this since it will retain its shape, unlike its cotton and wool counterparts that lend to flatten out over time, significantly reducing their ability to trap warm air. Polyester is used in pants, shirts suits, and bed sheets either by itself or as a blend, because of its wrinkle resistant property and its ability its shape . Since these garments are frequently worm and washed, its stain resistance and durability are also desirable. After the fiber itself is created, it is made into a yarn. There are two types of polyester yarns filament and spun. Filament yarns are made by taking the single polyester filaments, grouping them together and then twisting or air entangling therm to make them workable. A monofilament yarn has just one. Single polyester fiber that is usually not twisted. Spun yarns are produced in much, the name way as a cotton or wool yarn is produced. The longfilaments are fist cut into short pieces called staple. These are then combined tighter and spun to create ayarn made up of thousands of short filaments. At this stage, polyester can also be combined with other fibers to produce a variety of effect. Polyester and cotton is probably the most famous and popular blend. The polyester helps the fabric retain its shape and resist stains and wrinkles. The cotton makes the fabric more absorbent and comfortable. Polyester is combined with wool to give it wrinkle-resistance and shaps retention in all kinds of weather. Since polyester is stronger than wood, it increases the durability and life of the fabric. The wood contributes good draping characteristics and elasticity. Polyester and rayon is another popular blend fabric. Here again the polyester makes the fabric more resilient and durable, and helps it keep its shape. The rayon adds a different texture, has a good hand, is good for draping and is more absorbent. Polyester and nylon produce a strong fabric because of nylon’s strength and abrasion resistance and polyester’s wrinkle free properties. This combination produces a yarn that is strong, durable, stable, easy to launder, and resistant to mildew and insects. Problems with this blend, however, are that pilling may occur, and it does not have a very nice hand, Furthermore, since neither nylon nor polyester is very absorbent, the fabric may feel wet and clammy in warm or humid weather.

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]]> INTRODUCTION
BLENDS
PROPERTIES OF POLYESTER
TYPES OF YARN
FILAMENT VS STAPLE FIBRE
MARKET SURVEY
PRODUCTION OF YARN IN INDIA
OVERVIEW OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA
SOME OF THE MAJOR INVESTMENTS IN THE INDIAN TEXTILES INDUSTRY
ARE AS FOLLOWS
INITIATIVE WILL BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF YARNS
TYPES OF YARN PRODUCTION
FILAMENT
STAPLE
USES AND APPLICATION
AVAILABILITY
POLYESTER YARN FOR TEXTILES
POLYESTER YARN FOR HOME FURNSHING
POLYESTER YARN FOR INDUSTRIAL USE
POLYESTER FDY
FDY PRODUCT FEATURES AND USES
PRODUCT FEATURES AND USES
POLYESTER TEXTURED YARN
POLYSTER TEXTURED YARN FEATTURES AND USES
PARTIALLY ORIENTED YARN (POY) AND FULLY ORIENTED YARN (FOY)
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF YARN TEXTURISING
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
PROCESSING DETAILS OF POLYESTERED NYLON YARN
TWIST IN FILAMENT YARNS
TEXTURING OF FILAMENT YARNS
STEPS IN MAKING FIBERS INTO YARNS
FILAMENTS
STAPLE
BLOWROOM
CARDING
COMBING
DRAWING
ROVING
GENERAL COMPARISON BETWEEN FILAMENT AND STAPLE YARNS PERFORMANCE
TENACITY & ELONGATION
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF POLYESTER FILAMENT YARN
POLYMERIZATION
DRYING
MELT SPINNING
DRAWING THE FIBER
WINDING
MANUFACTURING STAPLE FIBER
DRAWING TOW
CRIMPING
SETTING
CUTTING
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
PLANT LAYOUT
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
AIR COMPRESSORS

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

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