BIO-DIESEL WITH MULTIFEED STOCK LIKE FFA OIL, ACID OIL, FATTY DISTILLATE, STEARIN, TALLOW, UCO WITH CONTINUOUS GLYCERINE PLANT

Biodiesel refers to a non-petroleum-based diesel fuel consisting of short chain alkyl (methyl or ethyl) esters, made by Transesterfication of vegetable oil or animal fat (tallow), which can be used (alone, or blended with conventional petrodiesel) in unmodified diesel-engine vehicles. Biodiesel is distinguished from the straight vegetable oil (SVO) (sometimes referred to as “waste vegetable oil”, “WVO”, “used vegetable oil”, “UVO”, “pure plant oil”, “PPO”) used (alone, or blended) as fuels in some converted diesel vehicles. “Biodiesel” is standardized as mono-alkyl ester.

Biodiesel is a biofuel produced from various feedstocks’s including vegetable oils (such as oilseed, rapeseed and soya bean), animal fats or algae. Biodiesel can be blended with diesel for use in diesel engine vehicles. Biofuel – The term biofuel applies to any solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel produced from organic (once-living) matter. The word biofuel covers a wide range of products, some of which are commercially available today, and some of which are still in research and development. Biodiesel is a fuel made from plant oils that can be used in a conventional diesel engine.

Biodiesel is an environmentally safe, low polluting fuel for most diesel internal combustion and turbine engines. Can be mixed with petroleum diesel fuel and stored anywhere petroleum is. It is made from fresh or waste vegetable oils (triglycerides) that are a renewable energy source.

Bio-diesel is an eco-friendly, alternative diesel fuel prepared from domestic renewable resources that is vegetables oils (edible & non-edible oil) and animal fats. These natural oils & fats are made up mainly of try glycerides. These try glycerides when reacted chemically with lower alcohols in presence of catalyst result in fatty acid esters. These esters show striking similarity to petroleum derived diesel and are called “Bio-diesel”.

INTRODUCTION
FIGURE. TRANSESTERIFICATION OF TRIACYLGLYCEROLS TO YIELD
FATTY ACID ALKYL ESTERS (BIODIESEL).
BIODIESEL A RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY
CHALLENGES WITH USING BIODIESEL
SPECIFICATION OF BIO DIESEL
SOURCE OF OIL
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
FEED STOCK OF BIO DIESEL
APPLICATION AND ADVANTAGE OF BIO DIESEL
ADVANTAGES OF CONTINUOUS PROCESS:
BIODIESEL IN INDIA
THE PROBLEM OF JATROPHA
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
BIO-DIESEL (B L00) BLEND STOCK FOR DIESEL FUEL — SPECIFICATION
1 SCOPE
2 REFERENCES
3 REQUIREMENTS
4 PACKING AND MARKING
5 SAMPLING
TABLE 1 REQUIREMENT FOR BIO-DIESEL
LONG-TERM STORAGE OF BIO-DIESEL
A-1 SCOPE
A-2 TERMINOLOGY
A-3 FUEL SELECTION
A-4 FUEL ADDITIVES
A-5 TESTS FOR FUEL QUALITY
A-6 FUEL MONITORING
A-7 FUEL STORAGE CONDITIONS
PROPERTIES AND TEST OF BIODIESELS
FROM MULTIPLE FEED STOCKS
FUEL PROPERTIES TESTS
TABLE. METHODS FOR TESTING PROPERTIES OF BIODIESELS
PROPERTIES OF BIODIESELS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 86 — DISTILLATION OF PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 93 — FLASH-POINT BY PENSKY-
MARTENS CLOSED CUP TESTER
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 97 — POUR POINT OF PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 130 — DETECTION OF COPPER CORROSION FROM PETROLEUM PRODUCTS BY THE COPPER STRIP
TARNISH TEST
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 240 — HEAT OF COMBUSTION
OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON FUELS BY BOMB CALORIMETER, BTU/LB
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR D 445 — KINEMATIC VISCOSITY OF
TRANSPARENT AND OPAQUE LIQUIDS
TABLE. D 482 — ASH FROM PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR D 524 — RAMSBOTTOM CARBON RESIDUE
OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 613 — CETANE NUMBER
OF DIESEL FUEL OIL (RESULTS FROM WILLIAMS LAB)
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 613 — CETANE NUMBER
OF DIESEL FUEL OIL (RESULTS FROM CSM)
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 664 — ACID NUMBER
OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS BY POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 971 — INTERFACIAL TENSION OF OIL AGAINST WATER BY THE RING METHOD
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 1091 — STANDARD TEST METHODS FOR PHOSPHORUS IN LUBRICATING OILS AND ADDITIVES, WEIGHT PERCENT
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 1094 — WATER REACTION OF
AVIATION FUELS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 1160 — DISTILLATION OF
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AT REDUCED PRESSURE
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR D 1298 — SPECIFIC GRAVITY – BY
HYDROMETER METHOD
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 1322 — SMOKE POINT OF KEROSENE AND AVIATION TURBINE FUEL
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 1796 — WATER AND SEDIMENT
IN FUEL OILS BY THE CENTRIFUGE METHOD (LABORATORY PROCEDURE)
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 1959 — IODINE VALUE OF DRYING
OILS AND FATTY ACIDS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 2274 — STANDARD TEST METHOD
FOR OXIDATION STABILITY OF DISTILLATE FUEL OIL (ACCELERATED
METHOD), MG/100 ML
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 2500 — CLOUD POINT OF
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR D 2622 — TEST METHOD FOR SULFUR IN PETROLEUM PRODUCTS BY X-RAY SPECTROMETRY
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 2624 — ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
OF AVIATION AND DISTILLATE FUELS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 3231 — STANDARD TEST METHOD
FOR PHOSPHORUS IN GASOLINE, PPM
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 3241 — THERMAL OXIDATION
STABILITY OF AVIATION TURBINE FUELS (JFTOT PROCEDURE)
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 3242 — ACIDITY IN AVIATION
TURBINE FUEL (TOTAL ACID NUMBER)
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR D 4539 — FILTERABILITY OF DIESEL FUELS BY LOW-TEMPERATURE FLOW TEST (LTFT) (COLD FILTER PLUGGING POINT)
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 4629 — TRACE NITROGEN IN LIQUID PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY SYRINGE/INLET OXIDATIVE
COMBUSTION AND CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTION
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 5191 — VAPOR PRESSURE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS (MINI METHOD)
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 5291 — INSTRUMENTAL
DETERMINATION OF CARBON, HYDROGEN, AND NITROGEN IN
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND LUBRICANTS
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 6078 — STANDARD TEST METHOD
FOR EVALUATING LUBRICITY OF DIESEL FUELS BY THE SCUFFING
LOAD BALL-ON-CYLINDER LUBRICITY EVALUATOR (SLBOCLE)
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR ASTM D 6217 — STANDARD TEST METHOD
FOR PARTICULATE CONTAMINATION IN MIDDLE DISTILLATE FUELS BY LABORATORY FILTRATION
TABLE. TEST RESULTS FOR CHRISTINA PLANC METHOD
TABLE. TOTAL FATTY ACIDS, %
TABLE. CARBON, HYDROGEN, NITROGEN, OXYGEN ANALYSIS
TABLE. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACIDS
BIODIESEL/DIESEL BLEND TESTING
TESTING METHODOLOGY
TABLE. CERTIFICATION DIESEL FUEL LOT D-434 PROPERTIES
TABLE. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL TESTS OF BIODIESEL BLENDS
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION AND PROBLEMS
TABLE. BIODIESEL SPECIFICATIONS (JULY 1996)
TECHNOLOGY OF BIODIESEL
BIODIESEL FEEDSTOCKS ARE CLASSIFIED BASED ON THEIR FREE FATTY ACID CONTENT AS FOLLOWS:
COMMERCIAL BIODIESEL TECHNOLOGIES CAN BE GROUPED AS FOLLOWS:
A TYPICAL INPUT/OUTPUT STREAM IS SHOWN BELOW.
INPUT STREAMS:
OUTPUT STREAMS:
MARKET OVERVIEW OF BIODIESEL IN INDIA
PRODUCTION
CONSUMPTION
TABLE. INDIA: BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM MULTIPLE FEEDSTOCK
(MILLION LITERS)
TABLE. INDIA: IMPORT DUTY ON BIODIESEL (PERCENT AD VALOREM
ON CIF VALUE)
CONTINUOUS VERSES BATCH PROCESS
FOR BIO DIESEL PRODUCTION
METHOD OF BIO DIESEL PRODUCTION
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF BIO-DIESEL
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF BIO DIESEL
PROCESS IN DETAILS
PRETREATMENT
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR TRANSESTERIFICATION
PROCESSING WITH ACID OIL FEED STOCK
PROCESSING WITH FATTY ACID FEED STOCK
PROCESSING WITH PLO OILS SUCH
AS PALM STEARINE FEED STOCK
COMPARISON OF BIODIESEL AND DIESEL SPECIFICATIONS
TABLE. COMPARISON OF BIODIESEL SPECIFICATIONS AND ASTM
D 975 SPECIFICATIONS
CATALYSTS FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
BIODIESEL BLENDS
SWOT ANALYSIS OF BIO DIESEL
STRENGTH
WEAKNESS
OPPORTUNITIES
THREATS
PLANT LAYOUT
SUPPLIER OF RAW MATERIAL
SUPPLIERS OF BIODIESEL PLANT

APPENDIX – A:

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET