BIOMASS BRIQUETTES

Briquetting is the technology to convert all types of agricultural and forestry waste into solid fuel. Briquettes are formed in cylindrical logs using high mechanical pressure without the use of chemical or binder. The product is a replacement to conventional fossil fuels and can be used across various manufacturing industries such as boilers, furnaces and kilns. Bio-Briquette is an eco friendly solid biofuel which helps to reduce pollution, contributing to greener environment and save worthy foreign exchange. Briquetting works on the basic concept of “Wealth from Waste”. The briquettes are used for energy generation helping farmers to earn money from the waste. Briquetting of residues takes place with the application of pressure, heat and on the loose materials to produce the briquettes. No addition of any binder / chemicals is required so it is 100 % natural.

Fuel is the primary need for any country that whose backbone lies in the Industrial sector. More and more exhaustible sources of energy are diminishing each day. As a result, there is an immediate need to adopt new sources of energy which can help sustain the economic growth without any negative repercussions.

India has approximately 141 million hectares of arable land and agricultural output is around 800 million tones, which in itself generates 750 million tones waste. Even after deducting 450 million tones, which is used as fodder, 300 million tones could be used for biomass generation. Crop residues which are not used as animal fodder, such as cane trash, paddy straw, coconut stalks, branches and mustard waste, are estimated to total around 75 million tons per annum.

All the biomass and wood wastes are collected in large storage units and are recycled to produce solid fuel that can be used to heat industrial boilers. This is a renewable source of energy and is perfect in countries that produce tones of agriculture and forest waste each year. Every year millions of tons of agricultural waste are generated. These are either non-used or burnt inefficiently in their loose form causing air pollution. Handling and transportation of these materials is difficult due to their low bulk density. These wastes can provide a renewable source of energy by converting into high-density fuel briquettes without addition of any binder.

Not only does it put the agro-forest waste to good use, but it also becomes a source of revenue and saves the Global environment by producing clean and green energy.

The advantages of biomass briquetting are by no means limited to its use in modern industrial plants or solid fuel boilers. Indeed, in developing countries a far bigger percentage of the population cover their energy needs with biomass alone, where their primary need is for heat energy for cooking and heating. International development cooperation has accordingly long been focused on improving the basic energy supply in many countries around the world. It is notable that biomass briquettes have played a bigger part in many projects over recent years, such as those for distributing better stove technologies, for example. Next to adapted cooking behaviors and improved cooking appliances, the fuel can play one important role in improving the overall situation of households. Biomass briquettes can be produced out of many field or process residues and burning them in cooking appliances instead of traditional fuels as logged and collected wood or charcoal can be an interesting alternative for business makers but also for fuel clients.

INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
BRIQUETTING TECHNOLOGIES:
A SUBSTITUTE TO COAL AND FIREWOOD
AGRO WASTE BRIQUETTES
WOOD BRIQUETTES
SAW DUST BRIQUETTES
RECYCLED BRIQUETTES
ALTERNATIVE FUEL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF REFUSE DERIVED FUEL
LOCATION OF PROJECT ACTIVITY
PHYSICAL/GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
CIVIC ADMINISTRATION
ACCESSIBILITY
SOME IDENTIFIED INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS USING BRIQUETTES AS FUEL
ADVANTAGE OF BIOMASS BRIQUETTE
SPECIFICATION OF BIOMASS BRIQUETTES
BIOMASS MATERIALS
AND THEIR TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
PLEASE NOTE: ABOVE BIOMASS IS SUITABLE FOR USING SEPARATELY OR
IN A MIX FORM AS AN INPUT OF RAW MATERIAL FOR CONVERTING FINISHED
BRIQUETTES. CALORIFIC VALUE MAY VERY DUE TO DIFFERENT QUALITY OF
RAW MATERIAL.
APPROPRIATE BIOMASS RESIDUES FOR BRIQUETTING
LOW MOISTURE CONTENT
ASH CONTENT AND COMPOSITION
APPROX. ASH CONTENT OF DIFFERENT BIOMASS TYPES
FLOW CHARACTERISTICS
OTHER BIOMASS MATERIALS
ON THE BASIS OF COMPACTION, THE BRIQUETTING TECHNOLOGIES
CAN BE DIVIDED INTO:
BINDING MECHANISMS OF DENSIFICATION
MECHANISM OF COMPACTION
COMPARISON BETWEEN FOSSIL FUEL & BIOMASS
COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOMASS
AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE
EFFECT OF MOISTURE
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE OF BIOMASS
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE OF THE DIE
EFFECT OF EXTERNAL ADDITIVES
BRIQUETTE COMPETITIVENESS
LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT FOR BRIQUETTE USE
CLASSIFICATION OF NON-WOOD BRIQUETTES
BIOMASS SOURCES
MARKET SURVEY
DOMESTIC (INFORMAL) MARKET
INDUSTRIAL MARKET
MARKETS AND USERS FOR BRIQUETTES
MARKETS FOR BIOMASS BRIQUETTES
INDUSTRIES GO GREEN WITH AGRO-WASTE AS ALTERNATIVE FUEL
BIOMASS BRIQUETTING IN INDIA
BRIQUETTEMANUFACTURING PROCESS
MOISTURE CONTROL PRIOR TO BIOMASS PROCESSING
MILLING
DRYING
ROTATOR DRUMS (TROMMEL) OR INDIRECT DRIERS
BRIQUETTING
PISTON BRIQUETTING
DENSIFICATION BY EXTRUSION – SCREW BRIQUETTING MACHINE
PACKAGING
BRIQUETTES PACKING WITH THERMOSEALING
PALLET WRAPPING MACHINE
FLOW CHART
PROCESS FOR DIFFERENT AGRO WASTE
ELECTRICAL DATA
BRIQUETTE MACHINE & BODY COMPONENTS:
MACHINETYPE:
BINDER LESS PRODUCTION:
LAND AREA REQUIRED:
BRIQUETTE MACHINE & ACCESSORIES
SPECIFICATIONS OF BRIQUETTE MACHINE MODEL ECOSTAN® BULL
CONSUMABLE PARTS WITH MACHINE:
CHIPPER GRINDER BODY COMPONENTS:
WORKING PARAMETERS:
RAW MATERIAL PARAMETERS:
GRINDER SPECIFICATION
CHIPPER CUM GRINDER & ACCESSORIES
FLASH DRYER SINGLE PASS BODY COMPONENTS:
HOT AIR FURNACE:
WORKING PARAMETERS:
FLASH DRYER SINGLE PASS & ACCESSORIES
SCREW CONVEYOR CASING:
HEALTH AND SAFETY
CONVERT YOUR BRIQUETTES INTO MONEY
TABLE OF CALORIFIC VALUES
CONCLUSIONS
PRODUCE BIOMASS BRIQUETTES AND LEAVE TRADITIONAL SOURCE OF ENERGY
INCREASING DEMAND OF BIOMASS BRIQUETTES IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
BIOMASS BRIQUETTING PLANT IMPROVE CURRENT ECOLOGICAL CRISIS
USE BRIQUETTING PLANT AND SAVE TREES
PHOTOGRAPHS
PRODUCT PHOTOGRAPHS:-
MACHINERY PHOTOGRAPHS (SUPPLIER- ECOSTAN)
RAW MATERIAL
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS FOR BIOMASS BRIQUETTES

APPENDIX – A:

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET