CHOLINE CHLORIDE FROM ETHYLENE OXIDE ROUTE (CHOLINE HYDROXIDE AND HCL)

Choline chloride is an essential nutrient commonly found in eggs, chicken, and number of other foods.

Applications: choline chloride is a standard component of cell culture media that serves as a phospholipid precursor for the cells.

Mechanism of action: Choline serves as a precursor component to two major cell membrane components: phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. In addition, choline functions as a methyl group donor to several different substrates.

The product is generally referred to as B Complex Vitamin, which is basically poultry, feed supplement.

The product is manufactured in three steps batch process, which involves neutralization of Hydrochloric Acid with Trimethyl Amine to form Trimethyl Amine Hydrochloride. Ethylene Oxide is then added to Trimethyl Amine Hydrochloride to form Choline Chloride solution. The solution is then concentrated under vacuum to a pre determined percentage solution. Dry Choline Chloride is produced by blending in a mixer batch wise Liquid Choline Chloride with solid carriers. This blend is then fed to a Rotary Dryer where moisture is removed. This is then fed in Rotary Cooler to bring down the temperature of the mass to Atmospheric Temperature. Finally the dry choline chloride is Milled and filled in bags.

The carrier normally used is a Silica, corn Cob powder or similar absorbent powder derived from agro-waste materials. The carrier is used merely to carry the product, Choline chloride. The commercial nomenclature of the product depends upon the carrier used and the concentration of Choline. In case the carrier used is corn cob, the product is commercially called Choline Chloride Corn Cob base. If the carrier used is vegetable, it is known as Choline Chloride Vegetable base. The concentration of Choline Chloride is also usually mentioned along with the carrier used. In case the concentration is 50% Choline Chloride, it is called Choline Chloride 50% Corn Cob (or vegetable) base. The various grades of Choline Chloride are Choline Chloride on Corn Cob Carrier, Choline Chloride on Silica Carrier and Aqueous Choline Chloride.

Choline chloride is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]Cl. It is bifunctional, containing both quaternary ammonium salt and an alcohol. The cation is choline, which occurs naturally. It is a white, water-soluble salt used mainly in animal feed.

In the laboratory, choline can be prepared

by methylation of dimethylethanolamine with methyl chloride.

Industrially, it is produce by the reaction of ethylene oxide, hydrogen chloride, and trimethylamine or from the pre-formed salt:

The principal feed resources for animal consumption in the country are crop residues like straws of wheat, rice and other cereals and stoves which are very poor in feed value. Even these ate in short supply. These are supplemented to some extent by relatively better quality fodders like cultivated leguminous and non liguminous fodder grasses and concentrates. The latter are formulated largely from agro-industrial by-product and forest wastes and small quantities of low-grade cereals with the present stock of feed and fodder resources available in the country, it is well impossible to meet the nutrient requirements of even the present day low-producing cattle and buffaloes such a situation is bound to aggravate difficulties in the feeding of better producing livestock such as cross bred lows in exploiting their full genetic potentiality for early growth, better reproduction and higher milk production.

Livestock in the country, therefore, suffer widely from insufficient supply of nutrients. The unconventional agro-industrial by products and forest wastes may find a greater use as livestock feeds in coming years.

The nutritive value of tropical feeds and fodder is lower than those grown in temperate region. This situation does not allow cows to consume maximum amount feeds, nor to get feeds of minimum allowable digestibility. It is not possible to anticipate any remarkable improvement in the feed situation in the near future and also in the supply of high digestible ingredients like waste grains.

The digestibility of feed for meeting nutrient requirements of the cattle must bear relation to its intake capacity.