COOLANT (ENGINE)

  The  internal  combustion engine is a heat  engine,  inwhich chemical  energy  of  fuel  is  converted  into  heat  energy  by combustion,  and  this  heat  energy  is  intrun  converted  into mechanical energy. Approximately one third of the heat energy  is converted  into mechanical energy, about one third is removed  by the  cooling system, and one third by the exhaust  system.  There are minor losses due to friction, radiation, and the  lubrication system. For each 3.8 litres of fuel burned about 6.32 M J must be rejected to the cooling system. If this heat is not removed,  the engine will be destroyed.

The   cooling   system  consists  of  a   (heat   exchanger, thermostat,   coolant  pump,  coolant  jacket  surrounding   the cylinders  and  combustion  chambers, and  various  rubber  hoses serving  as flexible connections between the radiator and  engine to allow complete circulation of the coolant.

The  coolant pump circulates the coolant through the  engine coolant  jacket,  where  it  picks  up  heat  dissipated  by  the combustion  chambers & cylinders, and then through  the  radiator (heat  exchanger),  allowing the heat to be  transferred  to  the outside  air. The coolant is then returned to the  engine  block and the cycle is repeated.

COOLANT

The  coolant  used in this cooling system must  fulfill  the requirement of the engine, which is baiscally the removal of  one third of heat produced during combustion of fuel.

An antifreeze is a substance that is added to a liquid usually water-to lower its freezing point.  The applications of coolant are different from Antifreezer.  The main uses is to protect internal combustion engines against freezing and the resultant damage to the engine water jacket and the radiator.

Two general types of cooling systems are used in the engines, liquid and air.  All current domestic passenger cars, heavy vehicles, use a liquid cooling system.  In this system the liquid or coolant constantly circulates throughout the engine, absorbing heat from the engine.

For a given volume, water has the ability to absorb more heat from engine parts than any other type of liquid coolant used in vehicles.  However, water presents some problems when used as a primary engine coolant.  First,
metal components exposed to water will corrode and rust creat contaminants that will close the water jackets and radiator passages.  The second one is that water has a boiling and freezing temperature limit.

1.   INTRODUCTION:
2.   REQUIREMENT OF COOLANTS
3.   HOW TO USE COOLANT
4.   SERVICE PERIOD
5.   USES & APPLICATIONS
6.   PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL
7.   B I S SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
8.   MARKET POSITION WITH FUTURE DEMAND
9.   PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF ENGINE COOLANT
10.  MANUFACTURING PROCESS
11.  PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
12.  PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
13.  PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
14.  PROCESS FLOW SHEET
15.  ADDRESSES OF RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS
16.  ADDRESSES OF RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS
(KOLKATA BASED)
17.  ADDRESSES OF PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
18.  ADDRESSES OF PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
(KOLKATA BASED)
19.  PLANT LAYOUT

APPENDIX – A :

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET