DAIRY FARM (COW & BUFFALOE)

DAIRY FARM (COW & BUFFALOE)
[CODE NO. 2092]

Jersey Cows

The Jersey breed originated on the Island of Jersey, a small British island in the English Channel off the coast of France. The Jersey is one of the oldest dairy breeds, having been reported by authorities as being purebred for nearly six centuries.

The breed was known in England as early as 1771 and was regarded very favorably because of its milk and butterfat production. At that early date, the cattle of Jersey Island were commonly referred to as Alderney cattle although the cattle of this island were later referred to only as Jerseys. Jersey cattle were brought to the United States in the 1850’s.

Milk Production

Jersey and Jersey cross cows with milk yield capacity of 3000 to 5000 liters per lactation. (15 to 25 liters per day).

Buffalo

More than Five percent of the world’s milk comes from Buffalloes. Buffalloes milk is used in much the same way as cow’s milk. It is high in fats and total solid, which gives it a rich flavour. Many people prefer it to cow’s milk and are willing to pay more for it. In India, where in Mumbai area alone an estimated 10,000 new born calves starved to death each year through lack of milk. The demand for Buffallo milk in India (About 60% of the milk consumed over 80% in some states) is reflected in the prices paid for a litre of milk; about 130 paisa for cow’s milk compared with about 200 paisa for buffallo milk Twelve of the Eighteen major breeds of buffallo are kept primarily for milk production (although male may be used for traction & all animals are eventually used for meat.) The main milk breeds of India & Pakistan are the murrah, Nile/Ravi,Surti, Mehsana, Nagpure, & Jafarabad.

The domesticated water buffallo is one of the gentlist of all farm animals. Despite an intimidating appearance it is more like a house hold pat-sociable, gentle, and serve. In rural Asia the care of buffalloes is after turned over to small boys & girls aged about 4 to 9.

Another belief is that the buffallo is exclusively a tropical animal. River type buffalloes, However, have been used to pull snow plows during Bulgarian winter.

Buffallo milk has a higher content of both butter fat and non fat-solids than cows milk does. Throughout much India it is in such demand that Cow’s milk is sometimes hard to sell.

Dairy Farming in India

It is seen at most places that a Dairy Farmer is not aware of the economics of his day to day business. This is because Dairy has been a traditional form of business, which is being carried on by generations together. The pattern particularly of the feeding & watering has been quite the same for a long time.

It is commonly seen that most of the Farmers who keep animals for Milk have very little or NO idea about the expenses (per day) involved in raising the animals. It is interesting to note that the farmer is even unaware of the fact that the feeding cost of his animal comprises of more than 80% of the total cost of raising the animals.

Perhaps the main reason for this may be as he grows the majority of the fodder in his own land he has never bothered about its cost.
Pertaining to the feeding & drinking habits many fallacies (misconceptions) exist viz.
1. It is advisable to feed animal with wet/cooked feed.
Scientifically the feed fed to animal should be chewed (& ruminated) so that the saliva mixes with the feed. The saliva contains phosphates & bicarbonates, which help in maintaining the pH of the Rumen, which help in proper digestion of the Feed. Good digestion ensures wellbeing & the production is dependent on the same.
If the feed fed to animal is wet or cooked then chewing does not take place resulting in imbalance of the Ruminal pH which is very vital for proper digestion.
This will ultimately affect the Milk production (which will be low in this case).
2. Water requirement can be fulfilled with 2/3 times in a day.
To produce one litre of Milk it is essential to drink minimum 5 litres of water thus animal giving about 10 litres of milk daily should drink more than 50 litres of water. This requirement is only for Milk but animal also has to maintain itself as well as reproduce thus an animal giving 10 litres of milk has to consume at least 75 litres of water daily; which is just not possible by offering animal water only about 2/3 times during the day.

The animal should be giving clean water as many times as possible. If this is done then automatically increase in milk production is seen.

It should be noted that milk contains about 83 – 87% of water.

3. Animal should be fed continuously throughout the day.

If the animal is fed round the clock then it will not get any time to ruminate. If there is no time to ruminate then the digestion will not be proper as the feed mixing with saliva (due to rumination) will not take place. Thus the milk production will be decreased due to impaired digestion.

INTRODUCTION
INDIAN STANDARDS
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
COMPOSITION OF MILK
PROPERTIES OF MILK
CATTLE FEED
CATTLE DESEASE AND TREATMENT
1. ACETONAEMIA:
MARKET SURVEY
PROCESSED DAIRY PRODUCTS
PRODUCTION OF MILK
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
LOOKING BEYOND THE HORIZON OPPORTUNITIES
SUPPLIERS OF CATTLES
CATTLE FEED MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS
USE OF MILK
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
MANUFACTURE, PACKAGING AND STORAGE OF PASTEURIZED
MILK PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
ENHANCED MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY CATTLE
METHOD FOR INCREASING MILK PRODUCTION IN LACTATING DAIRY CATTLE
DAIRY FARM CONSULTANTS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES

APPENDIX – A :

1. COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2. LAND & BUILDING
3. PLANT AND MACHINERY
4. FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5. RAW MATERIAL
6. SALARY AND WAGES
7. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9. COST OF PRODUCTION
10. PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11. BREAK EVEN POINT
12. RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13. INTEREST CHART
14. DEPRECIATION CHART
15. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET