DAIRY FARMING {HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN COW (HF COW)}

HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN COW (HF COW)
Holstein Friesians (often shortened as Friesians in Europe, and Holsteins in North America) are a breed of cattleknown today as the world’s highest-production dairy animals. Originating in Europe, Friesians were bred in what is now the Netherlands and more specifically in the two northern provinces of North Holland and Friesland, and northern Germany, more specifically what is now Schleswig-Holstein Germany. The animals were the regional cattle of the Frisians and the Saxons. The Dutch breeders bred and oversaw the development of the breed with the goal of obtaining animals that could best use grass, the area’s most abundant resource.

Over the centuries, the result was a high-producing, black-and-white dairy cow. It is black and white due to artificial selection by the breeders.

With the growth of the New World markets began to develop for milk in North America and South America, and dairy breeders turned to the Netherlands for their livestock. After about 8,800 Friesians (black pied Germans) had been imported, disease problems in Europe led to the cessation of exports to markets abroad.

In Europe, the breed is used for milk in the north, and meat in the south. Since 1945, European national development has led to cattle breeding and dairy products becoming increasingly regionalized. More than 80% of dairy production is north of a line joining Bordeaux and Venice, which also has more than 60% of the total cattle. This change led to the need for specialized animals for dairy production. Until this time, milk had been produced from dual-purpose animals. The breeds, national derivatives of the Dutch Friesian, had become very different animals from those developed by breeders in the United States, who used Holsteins only for
dairy production.

Breeders imported specialized dairy Holsteins from the United States to cross with the European black and whites. For this reason, in modern usage, “Holstein” is used to describe North or South American stock and its use in Europe, particularly in the North. “Friesian” denotes animals of traditional European ancestry, bred for both dairy use. Crosses between the two are described by the term “Holstein-Friesian”

INTRODUCTION
DIMENSIONAL SPECIFICATION OF COLD ROLLED CLOSE ANNEALED SHEETS
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SPECIFICATION OF COLD ROLLED STEEL SHEET
DIMENSION TOLERANCE:
THICKNESS
WIDTH:
LENGTH: (UNIT:MM)
ADVANTAGES:
PPGI STEEL SHEET
PPGI ADVANTAGES
USES AND APPLICATION
APPLICATIONS
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
MARKET POSITION
INDIA’S STEEL INDUSTRY
FLAT PRODUCTS OVERVIEW
INDIA’S FINISH FLAT PRODUCT MIX
STUDY ONGP/GC MARKET
WHAT IS PPGI?
INDIA’S GP/GC IMPORT-EXPORT ANALYSIS
INDIA’S GP/GC EXPORT ANALYSIS
CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS OF GP/GC
SECTOR-WISE APPARENT CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS OF GP/GC
EXPORT DATA OF PRIME COLD ROLLED STEEL SHEET
IMPORT DATA OF COLD ROLLED STEEL SHEETS
EXPORT DATA OF PPGI STEEL COILS
IMPORT DATA OF PPGI STEEL COILS
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS
PROCESS FLOW CHART
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
PROCESS OVERVIEW
COLD ROLLING MILLS (CR STRIP MILLS)
CONTINIOUS PICKLING LINE
ANNEALING
TEMPERING ALSO IMPROVES STRIP FLATNESS
COATING PROCESS
TESTS CONDUCTED FOR QUALITY CHECK OF THE COATED STEEL
APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES
PLANT AND MACHINERY FOR COLD ROLLING MILL
SCALE AND ITS ORIGIN
SCALE REMOVAL
PICKLING LINE
TYPES OF PICKLING LINES
TYPES OF ROLLING MILL STANDS
TYPES OF ROLLING MILL
TEMPER ROLLING OR SKIN PASS ROLLING OF ANNEALED STRIP
ROLLING OF HOT STRIP AND STRIP DEFECTS
PROCESS OF GALVANIZING
GI SHEETS SPECIFICATION
APPLICATION OF GI SHEETS
ADVANTAGES WITH USE OF GI SHEETS
COATING PROCESS
TESTS CONDUCTED FOR QUALITY CHECK OF THE COATED STEEL
APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DEVICES
DUST CATCHERS
CYCLONES
FABRIC FILTERS (BAG HOUSES)
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
SCRUBBERS
PLANT LAYOUT
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES
UN COILERS AND COILERS
SUPPLIERS OF STRIP SLITTING AND CUTTING TO LENGTH TO LENGTH LINE
SUPPLIERS OF PICKLING LINE
SUPPLIERS OF BELL ANNEALING FURNACE
SUPPLIERS OF COLD ROLLING MILL
SUPPLIERS OF TESTING EQUIPMENT
SUPPLIERS OF COLD ROLLING MILL
SUPPLIERS OF TESTING EQUIPMENT
SUPPLIERS OF EOT CRANES
SUPPLIERS OF D.G. SETS
SUPPLIERS OF POWER TRANSFORMERS
SUPPLIERS OF COOLING TOWER
SUPPLIERS OF ETP PLANTS
SUPPLIERS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS
AIR COMPRESSORS
WEIGHING MACHINE (PLATFORM TYPE)
MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
NDT INSPECTION EQUIPMENT
FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF COLOUR COATING LINE
SUPPLIERS OF GALVANISING LINE
SUPPLIERS OF SUBMERSIBLE WATER PUMP
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
HR M.S STEEL SHEET
MINERAL OIL
PICKLING CHEMICALS
HYDROCLORIC ACID
OIL AND GREASE
ZINC INGOT
COLOURS FOR COATING
PACKING MATERIALS

APPENDIX – A:

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET