Description
INTRODUCTION
ADVANTAGES-
DISADVANTAGES-
TYPES OF ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER
1. E-BIKES
THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF ELECTRIC BICYCLES, SOME ARE MENTIONED BELOW
CLASS 1: PEDAL ASSIST / PEDELEC
CLASS 2: THROTTLE
CLASS 3: SPEED PEDELEC
ELECTRIC BICYCLES CLASSIFICATION
PEDAL-ASSIST
POWER-ON-DEMAND
THEREFORE, VERY BROADLY, E-BIKES CAN BE CLASSED AS:
ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC BICYCLES
KEY PARTS OF AN ELECTRIC BIKE
(1) ELECTRIC MOTOR
TYPES OF MOTOR AND DIFFERENT MOUNTING POSITIONS
1. INDUCTION MOTOR:
2. DC MOTOR
PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR:
PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHED DC MOTOR:
MOUNTING OF MOTORS
1. MID-DRIVE MOTOR:
FIG 1.1: MID DRIVE MOTOR
2. HUB MOTOR:
I. FRONT HUB MOTOR:
FIG 1.2: FRONT WHEEL HUB MOTOR
II. REAR HUB MOTOR:
FIG 1.3: REAR WHEEL HUB MOTOR
(2) CONTROLLER OF BLDC MOTOR AND SENSORS
CONTROLLER
FIG 2.3: CONTROLLER
SPEED THROTTLE
FIG 2.4: SPEED THROTTLE
(3) ELECTRIC BRAKE
FIG 3.1: ELECTRIC BRAKE
(4) BATTERY LEVEL INDICATOR
FIG 4.1: BATTERY LEVEL INDICATOR
BATTERY CAPACITY INDICATOR
(5) FRAME
FIG 5:1: FRAME DESIGN PARAMETERS
(6) BATTERY
BATTERY CELLS FOR E-BICYCLE BATTERY
1. CYLINDRICAL CELL
FIG 6.1: CYLINDRICAL CELL INTERNAL STRUCTURE
2. PRISMATIC CELL
FIG 6.2: PRISMATIC CELL INTERNAL STRUCTURE
5.3 MAKING OF BATTERY PACK
FIG 6.3: LI-ION SINGLE BATTERY
FIG 6.4: SOLDERED BATTERY PACK
FIG 6.5: 36 V, 13.2 AH BATTERY PACK
FIG 6.6: BATTERY DESIGN IN FUSION360 OF 36V AND 13.2AH
SAFETY CIRCUITS OF BATTERY
SAFETY CIRCUITS ARE NEED BECAUSE OF FOLLOWING REASONS.
FIG 6.7: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF WORKING OF SAFETY CIRCUIT
SPECIFICATIONS OF BMS (BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM):
FIG 6.8: BMS (BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM)
2. E-SCOOTER
ADVANTAGES OF AN ELECTRIC SCOOTER
DISADVANTAGES
PARTS OF ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER
BATTERIES
WE CAN CLASSIFY SCOOTERS ON:
BATTERY TYPES
RANGE AND CHARGE TIME
BRAKES
FRAMES AND FORKS
BELT AND CHAIN DRIVE’S
TYRES
WHEEL TYPES AND SIZES
SUSPENSION
SPEED AND WEIGHT
USES AND APPLICATION
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
PROCESS FLOW CHART
PRODUCTION PROCESS
ASSEMBLING PROCESS
(1) FRONT WHEEL INSTALLATION:
(2) HANDLEBARS INSTALLATION:
(3) MIRRORS INSTALLATION:
(4) PEDALS INSTALLATION:
(5) REAR STORAGE TRUNK INSTALLATION:
(6) THROTTLE & ACCESSORY CONTROL GRIP INSTALLATION:
(7) SEAT INSTALLATION:
(8) INSTALLATION OF REAR BRAKE:
(9) TIRE INSTALLATION:
WHEEL ADJUSTMENTS/MAINTANENCE:
(10) DRIVE CHAIN INSTALLATION:
CHECKING CHAIN TENSION:
TIGHTEN DRIVE CHAIN:
LOOSEN DRIVE CHAIN:
(11) BATTERY INSTALLATION
(12) INSTALLATION OF ADOPTER
(13) TESTING OF ELECTRIC TWO WHEELER
(PRODUCT TESTING) E-BIKE TEST PROCEDURE.
MARKET OVERVIEW FOR ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES
DRIVERS
CHALLENGES
INDIA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET – COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
INDIA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET
TWO WHEELERS TO LEAD ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET IN INDIA
ASIA-PACIFIC ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET
OVERVIEW
DRIVERS
CHALLENGES
ASIA-PACIFIC ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET – COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
ASIA-PACIFIC ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET SEGMENTATION
BY VEHICLE TYPE
BY BATTERY TYPE
BY TECHNOLOGY
BY VOLTAGE
BY GEOGRAPHY
2 & 3 WHEELER ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET IN INDIA & FUTURE
OUTLOOK 2022
WHY ENINCON‘S REPORT UPON ― 2 & 3 WHEELER ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET IN INDIA & FUTURE OUTLOOK 2022
BY 2022, SALES OF ELECTRIC 2W & 3W ARE EXPECTED TO REACH 1.6 MILLION IN INDIA
2 WHEELER & 3 WHEELER SEGMENT TO DRIVE THE EV SEGMENT
IN FUTURE AS 95% OF THE TOTAL SALES COME FROM THESE SEGMENTS
BUSINESS CASE FOR 2 & 3 WHEELER ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET
IN INDIA
REPORT INSIGHTS
KEY HIGHLIGHTS
PRESS EXCERPTS
MUST BUY FOR
HYBRID AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN INDIA CURRENT SCENARIO
AND MARKET INCENTIVES
STUDY OBJECTIVES
MARKET INCENTIVES IN PLACE
APPROACH & KEY ASSUMPTIONS
UTILIZATION OF DEMAND INCENTIVES UNDER FAME SCHEME
FOR FY 2015-16
TWO-WHEELERS
INCENTIVE ANALYSIS
CENTRAL EXCISE DUTY
CENTRAL INFRASTRUCTURE CESS
ADDITIONAL STATE SUBSIDIES
TCO – TWO-WHEELERS
LOW-SPEED ELECTRIC SCOOTERS
HIGH-SPEED ELECTRIC SCOOTERS
TWO-WHEELERS
OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS FOR THE ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELERS IN CHINA
FIGURE 1 – THE E2W PRODUCTION NUMBER IN CHINA
METHODOLOGY
SWOT-FFA ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
TIS ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
FIGURE 2 – THE ANALYSIS SCHEME FOR TIS (BERGEK ET AL., 2008)
THE DRIVING FORCES FOR THE CHANGE TOWARDS E2WS: SWOT-FFA
FIGURE 3 – RESULT OF SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE E2W DEVELOPMENT
RELATIVELY LOW COST AND COMPARABLE PERFORMANCE
EASY ADOPTION AND UTILIZATION
POLICY AND STANDARDS (MOTORCYCLE BAN, AIR POLLUTION AND EMISSION CONCERNS)
EXTERNAL FACTORS
THE RESISTING FORCES (SYSTEM WEAKNESS) OF THE E2W DEVELOPMENT: TIS ANALYSIS
ACTORS, NETWORK, INSTITUTIONS
SYSTEM WEAKNESS: REMARKS OF THE EVALUATION OF THE SEVEN FUNCTIONS
FIGURE 4 – THE INDUCEMENT AND BLOCKING MECHANISMS OF E2WS CONCLUDED FROM THE TIS
FUTURE TRANSPORT SOLUTIONS
OVERVIEW OF THE E-BIKES & ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELERS
ENERGY USE AND EMISSIONS OF ELECTRIC BIKE LIFE CYCLE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ALTERNATIVE MODES
INFLUENCE OF ELECTRIC BIKES ON MOTORIZATION TRENDS
ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELER BATTERY TECHNOLOGY STATUS
ENERGY USE AND EMISSIONS OF ELECTRIC BIKE LIFE CYCLE
PRODUCTION PROCESSES
TABLE 1.1: MATERIAL INVENTORY, EMISSIONS, AND ENERGY USE OF ELECTRIC BIKE
END-OF-LIFE
LEAD ACID BATTERIES
FIGURE 1.1: LEAD LOSS FLOWS FROM LEAD ACID BATTERY PRODUCTION
TABLE 1.2: LEAD LOSSES TO THE ENVIRONMENT
USE PHASE
FIGURE 1.2: EMISSION RATES FROM PRC POWER PLANTS
TABLE 1.3: REGIONAL EMISSION RATES OF TYPICAL SCOOTER STYLE ELECTRIC BIKES (UNITS AT G/100 KM EXCEPT CO2)
TOTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ELECTRIC BIKE LIFE CYCLE
FIGURE 1.3: POLLUTION OF BICYCLE STYLE E-BIKE OVER LIFE CYCLE
FIGURE 1.4: POLLUTION OF SCOOTER STYLE E-BIKE OVER LIFE CYCLE 130
MOTORCYCLE AND ELECTRIC BIKE OWNERSHIP GROWTH SCENARIOS THROUGH TO 2025 131
METHODOLOGY 131
FIGURE 3.5: REGIONAL RURAL MOTORCYCLE AND ELECTRIC BIKE OWNERSHIP VERSUS INCOME, 2005
FIGURE 3.6: 2005 MOTORCYCLE AND ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELERS
BY REGION
FIGURE 3.7: PROJECTIONS OF POPULATION SHARE IN DIFFERENT
INCOME BRACKETS VERSUS TIME
TABLE 3.2: POLICY FACTORS OVER TIME IN THREE SCENARIOS
FIGURE 3.8: PROJECTED POPULATION GROWTH BY REGION FOR
URBAN AND RURAL PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
FIGURE 3.9: ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELER AND MOTORCYCLE STOCK
OVER TIME IN THREE SCENARIOS
FACTORS INFLUENCING FUTURE GROWTH IN ELECTRIC
TWO-WHEELER MARKET
METHODOLOGY
FIGURE 3.10: ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELER AND MOTORCYCLE
GROWTH IN “BUSINESS AS USUAL”
DRIVING FORCES
FORCE 1: TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENTS
FIGURE 3.11: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE COMPARISON,
CLOSED-INTEGRAL VERSUS OPEN-MODULAR
FIGURE 3.12: ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELER DESIGN FLEXIBILITY
FORCE 2: LOCAL MOTORCYCLE BANS
FORCE 3: LOCAL POLICY SUPPORT FOR ELECTRIC BIKES
TABLE 3.4: MOTORCYCLE AND ELECTRIC-BIKE BANS IN LARGE CITIES
FIGURE: FORCES DRIVING ELECTRIC BIKE MARKET GROWTH
FIGURE: FORCES RESISTING ELECTRIC BIKE MARKET GROWTH
TABLE: RANKINGS OF FORCES DRIVING AND RESISTING ELECTRIC
BIKE GROWTH
PERFORMANCE TEST OF ELECTRIC BIKES
TABLE 4.6: ELECTRIC BIKE AND BATTERY SPECIFICATIONS
PLANT LAYOUT
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRIC TWO WHEELERS
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF BLDC MOTOR
SUPPLIERS OF MOTOR CONTROLLER
SUPPLIERS OF LITHIUM- ION BATTERY
SUPPLIERS OF TYRE
SUPPLIERS OF WHEEL
SUPPLIERS OF SPARES
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF AIR COMPRESSORS
SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF JIGS AND FIXTURE
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)
