ELECTRONIC MANUFACTURING SERVICE (EMS) FACILITY IN ASSEMBLY OF PCB AND COMPONENTS

A PCB is a printed circuit board is used in electronics to build electronic devices. A PCB serves two purposes in the construction of an electronic device; it is a place to mount the components and it provides the means of electrical connection between the components.

TYPES OF PCB

1. Single-sided PCB

2. Double-sided PCB

1. Single-sided PCB

The single-sided PCBs are mostly used in entertainment electronics where manufacturing costs have to be kept at a minimum. However, in industrial electronics also, cost factors cannot be neglected and single-sided boards should be used wherever a particular circuit can be accommodated on such boards.

To jump over conductor tracks, components have to be utilized (Fig A). If this is not feasible, jumper wires are used. The number of jumper wires on a board, however, is restricted by economic reasons. If their number is more than a few, the use of a double-sided PCB should be considered.

Advantages of single-sided PCBs include:

•    Low cost, especially for volume production;

•    Low rate of issues during PCB manufacturing process, accordingly, leading to high speed of fabrication;

•    Suitable for simple circuits.

2. Double-sided PCB

Double-sided PCBs can be made with or without plated-through holes. The production of board with plated-through holes is fairly expensive. Therefore, plated-through hole boards are only chosen where the circuit complexity and density does not leave any other choice. Even on such boards, the total number of plated-through holes, in particular of via-holes (holes utilized only for through-contact and not for component mounting), should be kept to the minimum for reasons of economy and reliability.

The cost factor for double-sided PCBs without plated-through holes is considerably lower because plating can be avoided. Through-contacts are made by soldering the component leads on both the board sides where required. Jumper wires may still be added. However, hand soldering must be applied for soldering of the component side joints.

In the layout design of such boards, solder joints on the component sides have to be kept minimum in number because the replacing of such components is extremely difficult. A typical strategy is therefore to realize the conductors as much as possible on the non-component side and to put only the remaining once on the component side. Such boards are therefore compromise between serviceability and electrical design optimum on the one hand and the cost factor on the other.

Therefore, advantages of double-layer PCBs can be summarized into the following aspects:

•    More flexibility for designers;

•    An increase of circuit density;

•    Relatively low cost;

•    Reduction of board size.

INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF PCB
PCB ASSEMBLY
FOLLOWING ELECTRONICS PARTS AND CONSUMABLES ARE NEEDED
FOR PCB ASSEMBLY
METHOD OF PCB ASSEMBLY
ADVANTAGES:
DISADVANTAGES:
TYPES OF SMD
ACTIVE COMPONENTS
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE SMD COMPONENTS INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
THE ADVANTAGES OF SURFACE-MOUNT TECHNOLOGY
THE DISADVANTAGES OF SURFACE-MOUNT TECHNOLOGY
USES AND APPLICATION
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE SMD COMPONENTS INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
APPLICATION:
COMPUTERS
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
PROCESS FLOW CHART
ASSEMBLING PROCESS OF PCB
PROCESS OVERVIEW
SMT PROCESS
SOLDER PASTE
PREHEAT ZONE
THERMAL SOAK ZONE
REFLOW ZONE
COOLING ZONE
TYPES OF REFLOW SOLDERING
GENERALLY, THERE ARE TWO MAIN TYPES OF LASERS USED FOR REFLOW SOLDERING:
CLEANING
REWORK
INSPECTION OF SOLDERED JOINTS
MARKINGS
PACKAGING /SHIPMENT
MARKET POSITION
THE INDIAN PCB INDUSTRY
METHODOLOGY
MARKET AT A GLANCE
GROWTH DRIVERS
CHALLENGES FACED BY THE INDUSTRY
OTHER CHALLENGES INCLUDE:
GROWING INORGANICALLY
MOVING FORWARD
INDIAN PCB INDUSTRY GROWTH
SIGNS OF GROWTH
GROWTH DRIVERS
THE DEMAND-SUPPLY GAP
OBSTACLES IN THE PATH OF GROWTH
OTHER CHALLENGES INCLUDE:
GROWING INORGANICALLY
ADVANTAGES IN INDIA
LOOKING AHEAD
PLANT LAYOUT
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF PCB BOARD
SUPPLIERS OF PCB
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
BARE PCB BOARD
SUPPLIERS OF SOLDER PASTE
SUPPLIERS OF SURFACE MOUNTED DEVICES
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
PCB ASSEMBLING PLANT
SUPPLIERS OF AUTOMATIC OPTICAL INSPECTION EQUIPMENT
SUPPLIERS OF AUTOMATIC XRAY INSPECTION MACHINE
ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS
PLATEFARM WEIGHING MACHINE
MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS

APPENDIX – A:

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET