FERRIC AND NON FERRIC ALUM

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Aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), commonly called alum, is produced as white crystals which are non-combustible and soluble in water. This dry, hydrate (Al2(SO4)3.14H2O) is 17% Al2O3 and is also sold as a 47% w/w aluminium sulfate solution which is 8% Al2O3. It is also sold in solid form as kibbled, ground or dust.

Alum are represented by the general formula R1/2 SO4, R2″(SO4)3.24.H2O. Where R and R”are respectively monovalent and trivalent radicals. They are usually the double salts of ammonium, potassium or sodium sulphate with aluminium. Chromium or iron sulphate and are readily prepared by concentrating and cooling a solution containing molecular proportions of the Component Sulphate.

Ferric and Non Ferric Alum is marketed in various grades. The cheapest grade called “alum cake”. Potash alum also known as alum alumen.

Ferric alumin is aluminium sulphate containing iron obtained from the bauxite ore. Potash alum is prepared from its naturally occurring minerals such as alunite and Ratinite, but in India these do not occur in appreciable quantities. Alum was formerly prepared from alum shales by roasting them in year and leaching it out with water. Alum is now produced in India by crystallizing together equivalent produced in India by Crystallizing together equivalent proportion of potassium sulphate and aluminium sulphate. The solution is concentrated and the crystals are separated out are melted to yield lump alum or recrystalized to obtain large crystals.

Alum (Aluminium sulphate) forms white crystals of specific gravity 1.62 of Al2 (SO4)3. 18H2O readily soluble in water (128 gms per litre at 30oC) but insoluble in alcohol.

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Description

INTRODUCTION
USES & APPLICATIONS
THE MAIN USES OF ALUM ARE:
OTHER MAJOR USES
WHAT HAPPENS AT A WATER TREATMENT PLANT?
SCREENING:
PRE-SEDIMENTATION:
MICRO-STRAINING:
CHEMICAL PRETREATMENT:
SOFTENING:
COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION:
SEDIMENTATION:
FILTRATION:
DISINFECTION:
FLUORIDATION:
TREATMENT TO REMOVE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS
B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS OF ALUMINIUM SULPHATE (NON FERRIC)
NON FERRIC ALUM
NON FERRIC ALUM – PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS:
NON FERRIC ALUM – PRODUCT APPLICATION:
NON FERRIC ALUM – BENEFITS
SPECIFICATION OF ALUMINUM SULPHATE
(NON-FERRIC ALUM) (SLABE/LUMPS/POWDER)
(FERRIC ALUM) (SLABE/LUMPS)
SPECIFICATION AND APPLICATION OF ALUM
WATER TREATMENT:
SIZING OF PAPER:
MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS:
SPECIFICATION
ALUMINIUM SULPHATE GRANULATED (ALG)
GENERAL DETAILS
SPECIFICATIONS OF ALUMINIUM SULPHATE GRANULATED
PAPER INDUSTRY
WATER TREATMENT
MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS
CATEGORIES AND GRADE OF ALUM
THERE ARE TWO BROAD CATEGORIES OF ALUM AS FOLLOWS:
RAW MATERIALS
BAUXITE
THE RANGE OF COMPOSITION OF BAUXITES IS USUALLY:
THE BEST FRENCH WHITE BAUXITE CONTAINS:
MARKET OVERVIEW OF ALUM
MARKET OVERVIEW OF ALUMINIUM SULPHATE
INCREASING DEMAND FOR FRESH WATER RESOURCES IS PAVING WAY FOR ALUMINUM SULFATE
MARKET SEGMENTATION
PRODUCT TYPE
GRADE
APPLICATION
APPLICATION
FERRIC ALUM TRADE DATA
FERRIC ALUM TRADE DATA – INDIAN PORTS
FERRIC ALUM EXPORT ANALYSIS – MONTHWISE
COUNTRY WISE TRENDS FOR FERRIC ALUM EXPORT (USD MILLION)
INDIAN DEMAND FOR ALUM
PAPER INDUSTRY
WATER TREATMENT
MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS
IMPORTANT GLOBAL MANUFACTURERS
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF FERRIC & NON FERRIC ALUM
PROCESS OUTLINE OF FERRIC ALUM
PROCESS OUTLINE FOR NON FERRIC ALUM
DETAILS FOR ALUMINIUM SULFATE MANUFACTURE
RAW MATERIALS
STEP 1 – REACTING THE RAW INGREDIENTS.
STEP 2 – MAKING THE FINAL PRODUCT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS
DETAILED PROCESS DESCRIPTION
(A) BAUXITE PREPARATION SECTION:-
(B) REACTION SECTION:-
WASTE & EMISSION’S:-
PACKING & MARKING:-
PACKING:-
MARKING:-
REQUIREMENT FOR ALUMINIUM SULPHATE (NON FERRIC)
METHODS OF TEST FOR ALUM, NON FERRIC (ALUMINIUM SULFATE)
QUALITY OF REAGENTS:-
PREPARED SAMPLE:-
PROCEDURE:-
DETERMINATION OF INSOLUBLE MATTER
REAGENTS:-
PROCEDURE:-
CALCULATION:-
DETERMINATION OF PH:-
PROCEDURE:-
DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS:-
OUTLINE OF THE METHOD:-
APPARATUS:-
REAGENTS:-
STANDARD LEAD SOLUTION:-
PROCEDURE:-
DETERMINATION OF IRON:-
OUTLINE OF THE METHOD:-
APPARATUS:-
REAGENTS:-
BUTANOLIC POTASSIUM THIOCYANATE SOLUTION:-
STANDARD IRON SOLUTION:-
PROCEDURE:-
TEST FOR CHLORIDES:-
REAGENTS:-
PROCEDURE:-
DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC
PROCEDURE:-
DETERMINATION OF THE AMMONIUM SALTS
OUTLINE OF THE METHOD:-
APPARATUS:-
REAGENTS:-
NESSLER SOLUTION:-
STANDARD AMMONIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION:-
PROCEDURE:-
DETERMINATION OF ALUMINIUM
GRAVIMETRIC METHOD
REAGENTS:-
PROCEDURE:-
CALCULATION:-
EDTA METHOD:-
REAGENTS:-
ABSOLUTE ALCOHOL
ACETIC ACID:-
AMMONIUM ACETATE BUFFER SOLUTION:-
PROCEDURE:-
CALCULATION:-
DETERMINATION OF SODIUM:-
DETERMINATION OF POTASSIUM:-
SAMPLING OF ALUM, NON FERRIC (ALUMINIUM SULPHATE)
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF SAMPLING:-
SCALE OF SAMPLING:-
SCALE OF SAMPLING
PREPARATION OF TEST SAMPLES
NUMBER OF TESTS
CRITERION FOR CONFORMITY
SEQUENCES IN ALUM MANUFACTURE
BLOCK DIAGRAM TO PRODUCE ALUMINIUM SULPHATE NON FERRIC
(17% TO 18%) ALUMINA CONTENT IN GRANULES (2MM TO 4MM) AND FLAKES FORM
COMPOSITION OF ALUM [FERRIC AND NON FERRIC]
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FERRIC ALUM:
GRADE 3
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF NON-FERRIC ALUM:
USES:
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET OF ALUMINIUM SULPHATE
HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
CARCINOGEN STATUS:
COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
FIRST AID MEASURES
GENERAL INFORMATION:
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
HANDLING AND STORAGE
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
TRANSPORT INFORMATION
COMPLETE PLANT SUPPLIERS OF FERRIC & NON-FERRIC ALUM PLANT
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
TO GET REQUIRED CERTIFICATION & OTHER FORMALITES FOR EXPORTING NON FERRIC ALUMINIUM SULPHATE
ADDRESSES OF CONSULTANTS
ADDRESSES OF PILOT PLANT SUPPLIERS
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIAL (INDIAN)
SUPPLIERS OF BAUXITE
SUPPLIERS OF SULPHURIC ACID
SUPPLIERS OF BARIUM SULPHIDE
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS (GLOBAL)
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF REACTOR
SUPPLIERS OF EVAPORATORS
SUPPLIERS OF GRADING SCREEN/ VIBRATING SCREEN
SUPPLIERS OF COOLING TOWERS
SUPPLIERS OF BOILERS
SUPPLIERS OF CRUSHER
SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF LABORATORY TESTING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES (IMPORTED)

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

Additional information

Plant Capacity

80 MT/Day
Land & Building

(8000 sq.mt.)
Plant & Machinery

US$ 625714
Rate of Return

29%
Break Even Point

55%

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