HAND BOOK OF DAIRY FARMING TO PRODUCE MILK WITH PACKAGING

HAND BOOK OF DAIRY FARMING

DAIRY FARMING

Introduction
Breeds
Genetics
Yields
Dairy Management
Uses and Applications of Milk
Diseases
Suppliers of Cattles
Composition of Cattle Feed
Composition of Milk
Comparative Gross Composition (In Percent) of Buffalow and Cow’s Milk
Note
Source
Manufacturing Process
Milking Buffaloes by Hand
Cooling and Storing Milk
Filteration
Homogenization
Clarification
Pasteruization
Refrigeration or Freezing System
Testing
Packing
Addresses of Plant and Machinery Suppliers
Milk Storage Tanks

RATION FOR CATTLES

Why is Food Important for Animal Body ?
What is Feed
Food
Diet
Ration
Balanced Ration
An Ideal Ration
Types of Ration Could be Classified as follows
Maintenance Ration
Production Ration
For Wool Production
For Milk Production
For Egg and Meat Production in Poultry
For Fattening Purposes
For Reproduction Purposes
Breeding requirements of bull
Requirements for Working Animals
Requirements for Growth of Growing  Animals
Qualities of an Ideal Ration
Principles of Rationing for Animals
Computation of Ration for Animals
Determining Ration of Animals Based on Thumb rule Method
Example-1
Solution
Answer
Example 2
Solution
Answer
DCP and TDN Method of Computing Balanced Ration
Example 1
Solution
Nutrients supplied by fodders (kg)
Example 2
Solution
Total requirements of Buffalow (kg)
Amount of Concentrate and Dry Matter Supplied  (kg)
Amount of Dry Matter to be supplied by Fodders (kg)
Quantity of Each Fodder and Nutrients Supplied in (kg)
Berseem
Nutrients to be Supplied by Conc.(kg)
Amount of Nutrients Supplied by Each of the Concentrate (kg)
Summary of Balanced Ration for the Buffalo
Example 3
Solution
Total Requirement of Haryana bullock (kg)
Amount of Concentrate and Dry Matter from this
Dry Matter to be Supplied by Fodders
Amount of each fodder and Nutrients Obtained from These in kg
Nutrients Amount to be supplied by Grains (kg)
Amount of Nutrients supplied by each grain in concentrate Mix
Summary of Balanced Ration for Bullocks (kg)

HOUSING FOR DAIRY ANIMALS

Main Objects and Advantages of Proper Housing
Objects
Factors of Considerable importance for Selection of Site and Layout  of Dairy Farm
Layout of Dairy Farm
Factors of Economic Importance in Planning a Good
Layout of dairy farm
Pathways and Roads
Fooder Fields and Pastures
Dairy Farm Building
Housing Requirement/Animal
Methods of Housing the Dairy Animals and Factors Affecting Construction of Farm Buildings
Methods of Housing
Double Row System
Arrangement of Cows comparative Merits of Loose Housing and Cow House Barn System
Loose Housing System
Feeding Area
Bedded area
Paved Area
The Milking Plant/Miling Parlour
Conventional Barn Cow Hous Systems
Merits and Demerits of Different Types of Barn
Details of Construction of Barn for Cows
Details for Other Houses for Animals
Grouping of Buildings
Types of Stalls

LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT

Ambient Temperature
Radiation
Humidity
Feeding
Watering
Breeding
Culling
Health Care
Control Measures of Diseases
Other Care to be Taken

CARE FOR DRY COWS

Reasons for Drying Off Cows
Optimum Dry Period
Gestation Period of Different Animals
Methods of Drying off Cows
Managemental Care of Dry But Pregnant Cow
Exercise
Provision of Calving Box (loose box)
Steaming up
Desirable Gain
Feeding Dry Animal
Maintenance Ration for Dry and Non Pregnant Cow
A Suitable Grain Mixture for Dry Cow
Development of Edema
Some Facts About Edema
Reducing Udder Congestion/Edema

LIVESTOCK RECORDS MAINTENANCE

Advantages
Different Records Maintained on Farm
Cattle Section Records
Farm Section Records
General Records
Procedure
An Example for Making Entries in Records
Calculate the following from the Data of Records
Average Number of Services per Conception for a Particular Breed or Group
Conception Rate
Average Age at First Calving

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Hand Method
Machine Milking
Effect of Frequency of Milking
Principles of Good Milking

CLEAN MILK PRODUCTION

Purpose
The sources of Contamination of Milk
Principles of Clean Milk Production
Internal Factors
Mastitis Udder
Fore Milk
External Factors
Cow
Milker
Utensils
Barn
Method of Milking
Feed and Water
Miscellaneous
Testing Quality of Clean Milk
M.B.R. Test
Diseases Spread Through Unclean Milk

DAIRY CATTLE ECONOMICS

A Detailed Scheme for Rearing a “10-Milch Crossbred Cows Unit is Outlined
Parameters for Working Out the Economics
Capital Investment
Loan Repayment and Net Income
Bank Loan Needed
Debt can be Repayed in 5 years
Economics of Dairy Cattle (50 Cows)
Building Expenses
Cost of Construction
Cost of Equipment
Fodder Expenses
Concentrate
Labour
Income
Sale of Milk
Sale of manure @ 20 kg/animal/day
Sale of bags
Sale of calves
Case III Economics of Dairy Farming for 100 Milch Cows
Recurring Expenditure
Gross Expenditure
Income
Project Proposal for Starting A Dairy Farm
Importance
Objective
Location
Ownership
Housing
Equipment
Management
Costs and Incomes
Sale of Milk
Prices
Capital Cost
Margin Money
Loan
Schedule for Repayment of Loan
Security
Starting Dairy Farm with 100 Dairy Animals
Purchase of Animals
Milk Production
Cost of Animal
Housing
Cost of Housing
year
Location Period
Dry Period
Female Calves
Depreciation
Maintenance Ration
Production Ration
Feeding During Dry Period
Daily Feed Cost
Calves
Female Call Feeding Expenditure
Male Call Feeding Expenditure
Mortality in Calves
Cattle Insurance
Veterinary and Vaccination and Artificial Insemination
Labour
Culled Animals
Milk Price
Manure
Income Received from culled Animals
Loan
Interest
Prices of Feed and Milk
First year
Cultivable Land

DISEASES OF ANIMALS

According to Causes
According to Duration and Severity
According to Beginning of Disease
Classification of Diseases
Common Diseases of Farm Animals According to Causes
According to Area/Species
Nutrition Related Diseases
Observations Regarding health of Animals
Details Concerning Some Important Diseases of Animals
Some Diseases of Domesticated Animals Transmitted by Arthropods
Diseases of Digestive Organs
Some Other Ailments of Cattle
Diseases Associated with Reproduction
Diseases Associated with Milk Secretion
Common Ailments of the Calf
The Common Prescriptions used in Veterinary Dispensary
For External Use
Collyria (Eye Drops)
Tr. Iodine
Ointments
Liniments
For Scald and Burns
Lugol’s Solution
Lotions
Boroglycerine Paint
Mendal Paint for Mouth and Throat
Common Drugs (Their Properties, Actions and Doses)
Aliment in Animals and Drugs Used
Abbreviations Used

MILK STORAGE

Importance
Handling the Milk Prior to Storage
Necessity of Cooling Milk Before Storage
Indigenous Method
Scientific Method
Storage of Milk in Tanks

DISTRIBUTION OF MILK

Distribution of Raw Milk
Distribution of Pasteurized Milk
Containers of Milk Distribution
System of Distribution of Milk
Systems
Cash & Carry System
Coupon System
Sample of the Coupon
Leaf of the Coupon
Card System
Push Button Mini Dairy

SUPPLIERS OF EQUIPMENTS, SEEDS, DRUGS, ETC.

Requirements
Catalogues
Cattle Yard Equipments and Dairy Utensils
Names and addresses of Some of the Important Firms Dealing in Dairy equipments
Address of Firms Dealing in Dairy Farm Equipments
Addresses for Supply of Seeds of Fodder Crops and Grasses (For rates see appendix)
Institutes and Firms Dealing in Veterinary Drugs and Vaccines
Important Cattle Buffalo Breeding Farms
Breeds
Farms
Exotic Breeds
List of Goal Breeding Farms in India

PACKAGING OF MILK

Introduction
Characteristics of Hygienic Packaging
Different Methods of Packaging of Milk
Packaging in Bottles
Glass Bottles
Bottle Washers
Maintenance of Bottles Washers
Bottle Filters
Gravity type filler
Vacuum type filler
Bottle Cappers and Caps Bottle Crates
Packaging in Cans
Packaging in Single Service Containers
Prefabricated Cartons
Form and fill cartons
Sachet filling
Discription of Pouch Machine
Starting of Machine
Starting
Maintenance of Sachet filling Machine
Pouch film

PLANT ECONOMICS OF DAIRY FARM (BUFFALOW)

Plant & Machinery
Other Fixed Assets
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

PLANT ECONOMICS OF DAIRY FARM TO PRODUCE MILK (COW)

Plant & Machinery
Other Fixed Assets
Fixed Capital
Raw Materials
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn Over/Annum

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND EQUIPMENTS

Dairy Machinery

SUPPLIERS OF PACKAGING MATERIALS

Aluminium Cans
Pouches Food
Cans Plastic
Bottles Glass

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