HERBAL EXTRACT AND ESSENTIAL OIL

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Humans are dependent on plants for basic needs such as food, clothing, and shelter for centuries. Plants have also been used as arrow and dart poisons for hunting, poisons for murder, hallucinogens used for ritualistic purposes, stimulants for endurance, and hunger suppression, as well as inebriants and medicines. Medicinal plants have been a source of wide variety of biologically active compounds for many centuries and used extensively as crude material or as pure compounds for treating various disease conditions. Relatively 1–10% of plants are used by humans out of estimated 250,000–500,000 species of plants on Earth.

Plant-based traditional medicine plays a key role in the development and advancement of modern studies by serving as a starting point for the development of novelties in drug discovery. Various modern drugs were extracted from traditional medicinal plants through the use of plant material following the ethno botanical leads from indigenous cures used by traditional medical systems. In developing countries and rural societies, the use of medicinal plants is both a valuable resource and necessity, and furthermore, it provides a real alternative for primary healthcare systems.

Plant extraction is a process that aims to extract certain components present in plants. It is a solid/liquid separation operation: a solid object (the plant) is placed in contact with a fluid (the solvent). The plant components of interest are then solubilised and contained within the solvent. The solution thus obtained is the desired extract.

Nature has bestowed our country with an enormous wealth of medicinal plants; therefore India has often been referred to as the Medicinal Garden of the world. Today, people around the globe are giving preference to alternative medicines such as ayurveda, naturopathy, homeopathy and herbal medicine. Herbal medicine is cost effective and less expensive than the medicines bought from an allopathic pharmacy. Increasing realization of the side effects of allopathic medicines, coupled with the growing awareness about the medicinal benefits as well as therapeutic effect of herbal products is pushing up the demand for herbal extracts, dietary supplement sand herbal-based beauty aids worldwide. Herbal extraction and processing is very vast field. Some of the known projects are, rose plantation, cultivation & rose oil extraction plantation, cultivation of medicinal plant & herbs, Kali mahendi (henna), aloevera gel, aloevera gel & powder, aromatic plants cultivation & processing, asparagus cultivation & processing, ayur
vedic churan & tablets, ayurvedic raw material from mercury a-singruph (hingula) or cinnabar (hgs), b-ras sindhoor, ayurvedic/herbal pharmacy, cough syrup, hair dyes (hinna based), herbal natural essential oil (steam distillation process), herbal shampoo & cream, herbal concentrate in the mfg. Of herbal drugs & concentrate, herbal extracts, herbal medicinal plant & processing, herbs cultivation & processing, herbs cultivation & processing, menthol crystal from menthol oil, patchouli oil, plantation, cultivation of medicinal plant & herbs, sindur roli bindi & gulal, tobacco based tooth powder, toilet & herbal soap, herbal capsules, herbal face paste, rajnigandha oil, amla cultivation, plantation, amla hair oil based on vegetable oil, aloe vera processing, artemisia vulgaris oil, aloevera gel, juice and powder, ayurvedic hair oil for colouring of hair oil, herbal wine, mehandi cone, hibiscus cultivation, herbal beer, azadirachtin from neem, neem based pesticide, moringa -miracle tree, etc.

An alliance between science and tradition

The origin of the extraction of active plant ingredients has been lost to time. It was in fact very early on that mankind discovered the benefits of plants and the first techniques for separating out what we now refer to as “extracts”.

The first extracts were essentially obtained through aqueous extraction or alcoholic fermentation, and according to procedures such as infusion, maceration, decoction and hydro distillation. The simplicity of these procedures, as well as the tools, materials and heating methods of the time meant that the extractor was a man of the arts rather than a scientist.

Today, this activity calls upon the use of precise automatons and adapted materials. It has benefited from advances in process engineering, photochemistry and analytics. Moreover, new technologies to assist extraction (high-pressure, microwaves, ultrasound, etc.) are being developed.

However, the notion of expertise in plant extraction remains to this day a balanced combination of the mastery of technical parameters, and tradition.

A technical process (The general process)

Plant extraction is solid/liquid extraction, eventually followed by purification stages. It is thus defined as an operation of the separation of one or several constituents (solid or liquid) contained in a solid object by solubilisation in a fluid. This fluid, generally known as a solvent, may be a liquid or a gas (water vapor or supercritical fluids).

In thermodynamics, the solid object is a homogeneous mixture in equilibrium, i.e. in the absence of external disturbances it will undergo no modification. This can be compared with the treatment of heterogeneous mixtures, which can be fractionated by filtration, decantation or centrifugation, for example.

In solid/liquid extraction, this disturbance consists of an exchange of thermic and mechanical energy with the surroundings, combined with the provision of a third element, the solvent. Following this disturbance, the solid is no longer in equilibrium and the solid-solvent system will advance towards a new equilibrium through mass transfer. The whole art of extraction is a question of understanding the parameters that influence nature, and the kinetics of this mass transfer from the solid to the liquid.

Several separation procedures implement solid raw plant materials and lead to the production of extracts:

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Description

INTRODUCTION
AN ALLIANCE BETWEEN SCIENCE AND TRADITION
A TECHNICAL PROCESS (THE GENERAL PROCESS)
MAIN SEPARATION PROCESSES
A SCALABLE PROCEDURE…
GRAPHIC OF THE PARAMETERS INFLUENCING EXTRACT QUALITY
PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS AND VARIOUS CLINICAL TRIAL STAGES
HERBAL EXTRACTS, CLASSIFICATION & POST HARVEST PROCESSING
CLASSIFICATION OF EXTRACTS IN TERMS OF THEIR PHYSICAL STATE
POST-HARVEST PROCESSING
STORAGE
GRINDING
TYPES OF EXTRACT (HERBAL)
1. LIQUID EXTRACTS (AKA TINCTURES)
2. DRIED POWDERED EXTRACTS
3. ESSENTIAL OILS
4. LIPOSOMAL BLENDS
DETAILS OF HERBAL EXTRACT
MANUFACTURING OF DRY EXTRACT
STANDARDIZED HERBAL EXTRACTS
HERBAL EXTRACTS (100% WATER SOLUBLE)
(MAINLY USED FOR BEVERAGES, PERSONAL CARE & NUTRACEUTICALS)
GUIDANCE ON EQUIVALENCE OF HERBAL EXTRACTS IN COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINES
DEFINITIONS
FACTORS THAT IMPACT UPON EQUIVALENCE OF EXTRACT
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE QUANTITY AND SPECTRUM OF COMPONENTS IN AN EXTRACT
FACTORS AFFECTING THE SPECTRUM OF COMPONENTS EXTRACTED FROM HERBS
HERBAL MATERIAL
EXTRACTION SOLVENT
MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE
PERMITTED VARIATION IN FACTORS AFFECTING QUANTITY OF EXTRACTS
HERBAL MATERIAL
EXTRACT SOLVENT
TYPE AND AMOUNT OF SOLVENT IN EXTRACT
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
EXTRACT RATIO
BOSWELLIA SERRATA
BACKGROUND
ASHWAGANDA EXTRACT AND ITS APPLICATION
PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS AND SPECIFICATION
PLANT EXTRACT
SPECIFICATION
PRODUCT APPLICATIONS
MORINGA OLEIFERA AND ITS APPLICATION
GREEN COFFEE EXTRACT
TECHNOLOGY/MANUFACTURING PROCESS
BENEFITS OF MORINGA SEED OIL
HEALTHY SKIN
HEALTHY HAIR
MORINGA LEAF POWDER BENEFITS
USES AND APPLICATIONS OF ESSENTIAL OIL
A. ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FLOWERS:-
JASMINE OIL:-
LAVENDER OIL:-
B. ESSENTIAL OILS FROM HERBS SPIKENARD OIL (JATAMANSI OIL):-
C. CINNAMON OIL:-
CINNAMON OIL:-
ZEODOARY OIL:-
SPECIFICATION OF ASHAGANDHA ROOT EXTRACT POWDER
ESSENTIAL OILS FROM SPICES:-
PHARAMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS
• ANTISEPTICS:
• EXPECTORANTS AND DIURETICS:
• SPASMOLYTIC AND SEDATIVE:
• OTHERS:
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE.
OVERVIEW OF HERBAL MEDICINE IN INDIA
LIST OF MEDICINAL PLANTS WHOSE MARKET POTENTIAL IS VERY HIGH
MARKET POSITION OF HERBAL EXTRACT
WHICH INDUSTRIES ARE THE LARGEST CUSTOMERS GLOBAL PLANT EXTRACT MARKET?
COMPANIES FEATURED
SEGMENTATION
KEY PLAYERS
REGIONAL MARKET SUMMARY
GLOBAL MARKET, BY SOURCE
MINT
ROSEMARY
GLOBAL MARKET, BY FORM
GLOBAL MARKET, BY APPLICATION
FOOD & BEVERAGES
GLOBAL MARKET, BY REGION
GLOBAL MARKET POSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
PRODUCT INSIGHTS
APPLICATION INSIGHTS
REGIONAL INSIGHTS
COMPETITIVE INSIGHTS
MAJOR PRODUCERS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
MAJOR CONSUMER OF ESSENTIAL OILS
LARGEST GLOBAL MARKET PLACES FOR ESSENTIAL OIL
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF HERBAL EXTRACT
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS/EXPORTERS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF HERBAL EXTRACT
THE FILTRATE (EXTRACT) IS TRANSFERRED TO STORAGE VESSELS.
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF HERBAL EXTRACTS
SEQUENCES IN HERBAL EXTRACT
SORTING & MILLING
EXTRACTION
CONCENTRATION OF EXTRACT
DRYING
PULVERIZATION OF DRY EXTRACTS
STORAGE OF EXTRACT
DETAILS OF HERBS EXTRACTION PROCESS
PREPARATORY WORK
PRE-EXTRACTION METHODOLOGY
HIGH-PRESSURE LOW-TEMPERATURE EXTRACTION AND GRANULATION
STRUCTURE:
PRINCIPLE:
CHARACTER:
PROCESSING STEPS FOR HERBAL EXTRACT
HERBAL PREPARATION & FORMULA VERIFICATION
EXTRACTION
COLLECTION AND RESTORATION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
HERBAL CONCENTRATION
GRANULATION
FINISHED PRODUCT QC
PACKAGING AND APPEARANCES
EXTRACTION DETAILS OF ASHWAGANDHA
STEP 1: SORTING & SIEVING OF ROOTS TO REMOVE DUST & CONTAMINANTS
STEP 2: PULVERIZATION OF ROOTS
STEP 3: COLD EXTRACTION AND FILTRATION
STEP 4: HOT EXTRACTION AND FILTRATION
STEP 5: CONCENTRATION OF EXTRACT
STEP 6: DRYING OF EXTRACT
PROCESS OF MORINGA LEAF POWDER
WASHING THE MORINGA LEAVES:
MORINGA LEAF POWDER GRINDING
PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF BOSWELLIA EXTRACT
PROCESSING DETAILS OF FENUGREEK
FLOW DIAGRAM FOR PROCESSING OF FRESH LEAVES
INDUSTRIAL POST HARVEST PROCESSING AND DRYING OF FENUGREEK SEEDS
POST HARVEST DRYING OF SEEDS
EXTRACTION OF GALACTOMANNAN FROM FENUGREEK SEEDS
EXTRACTION OF GALACTOMANNAN
PROCESSING OF FENUGREEK SEED TO EXTRACT OIL
METHOD OF FENUGREEK SEED OIL EXTRACTION
FLOW CHART FOR EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM FENUGREEK SEEDS
METHOD OF EXTRACTION OIL FROM JASMINE
1. MACERATION
2. SOLVENT EXTRACTION
3. CARBON DIOXIDE CO2
VETIVER ESSENTIAL OIL AND ITS EXTRACTION METHODS
EXTRACTION OF VETIVER ESSENTIAL OIL
DISTILLATION (CONTINUOUS-CONVENTIONAL)
HYDRO DISTILLATION
WATER AND STEAM DISTILLATION
SCHEMATIC OF A WATER & STEAM DISTILLATION SETUP. STEAM DISTILLATION
SCHEMATIC OF A STEAM DISTILLATION SETUP
SOLVENT EXTRACTION (CONTINUOUS OR DISCONTINUOUS-CONVENTIONAL)
EXTRACTION DETAILS OF BACOPA MONNEIERA EXTRACT
PROCESS IN DETAILS FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES
SUPPLIERS OF PULVERIZERS
SUPPLIERS OF LABORATORY TESTING EQUIPMENT
SUPPLIERS OF HAMMER MILLS
SUPPLIERS OF FILTER PRESS
SUPPLIERS OF ROTARY WASHER
SUPPLIERS OF FLUIDIZED BED DRYER
SUPPLIERS OF MIXER
SUPPLIERS OF SIEVING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF WEIGHING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF D.G. SETS
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
MACHINERY PHOTOGRAPHS
HERB PULVERIZER
ROTARY EXTRACTOR
REACTION VESSEL
VIBRO SIFTER
NUTCH FILTER
AGITATOR
OCTAGONAL BLENDER
DRUM DRYER
CHROMATOGRAPHY COLUMN
SPRAY DRYER
ROTOCONE VACUUM DRYER (RCVD)
FOUR POINT CENTRIFUGE SUSPENDED
PERCOLATOR VERTICAL EXTRACTOR (BOTTOM OPENING TYPE)
AGITATED THIN FILM EVAPORATOR
FALLING FILM EVAPORATOR
MULTI MILL
VACUUM TRAY DRYER
REACTION VESSEL
DOUBLE CONE BLENDER
3 POINT CENTRIFUGE
MULTI MILL
SOLVENT STORAGE TANK
RAW HERBS GRINDER
MICRO PULVERIZER (MICRONIZER)
PRODUCT PHOTOGRAPHS
RAW MATERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

Additional information

Plant Capacity

1.5 MT/Day
Land & Building

(9 Acres)
Plant & Machinery

US$ 1214285
Rate of Return

56%
Break Even Point

28%

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