The project report includes Present Market Position and Expected Future Demand, Market Size, Statistics, Trends, SWOT Analysis and Forecasts. Report provides a comprehensive analysis from industry covering detailed reporting and evaluates the position of the industry by providing insights to the SWOT analysis of the industry.
Starch Industry in India
Starch is an abundant carbohydrate distributed worldwide in plants. Starch has been a major ingredient in man’s diet over the centuries. In addition it has become a major industrial raw material. Plant seeds, roots and tubers are all sources of industrial starch production. The commercial realities of the starch recovery process limit the industrial sources mainly to wheat, maize and tapioca. Indian starch industry mainly consumes maize as input raw material.
Also some industries are tapioca based.
Maize is doing wonderful things in our everyday life. Maize is present in one form or other in
The Food we eat
The Milk we drink
The Chocolates/Biscuits we take
The Clothes we wear
The Paper we read
The Medicines we take
Maize (Corn) contains about 70% starch, other components being protein, fibers and fat. The basis of the maize milling process is the separation of the maize kernel into its different parts. Maize starch is produced by the wet milling process, which involves grinding of softened maize and separation of corn oil seeds (germs), gluten (proteins), fibers (husk) and finally pure starch.
BY PRODUCTS FROM MAIZE
The byproducts from maize based industries find various applications:
i. Maize (Corn) Steep Liquor: It contains amino acids, proteins and is used by antibiotics drugs manufacturers. Also it is a large source of biogas, which is being used as fuel for driers, boilers etc.
ii. Maize Gum: Corn Oil is produced by expelling oil from the germs. Corn Oil finds applications in food and other chemical industries. Maize oil cake obtained after expelling oil is used as cattle and poultry feeds.
iii. Maize Gluten: Maize Gluten contains high protein content and it is used as cattle and poultry feeds.
iv. Maize Husk: It contains starch, protein and fat as minor components and mainly consumed as cattle feed.
1.0 Starches
Starch is a group of polysaccharides, composed of glucopyranose units joined together by-glucosidric linkages. It conforms to the molecular formula, (C6-H10O5)u, where n varies from a few hundred to over one million. Starch is found as the reserve carbohydrate in various parts of plants and is enzymatic ally broken down to glucose to other carbohydrates according to the metabolic needs of the plants.
Industrially, starch is broadly divided into two types viz, natural and modified. Natural starches also designated as unmodified starches or simply starches are obtained from grains such as and sorghum. From roots like potato, tapioca and arrow root, and from the pith of the stems of certain palms such as ago. They are further classified into cereal starches and root starches. The characteristics of the natural starches are changed by chemical or enzymatic action and the products of these reactions are termed modified starches. This group includes dextrin, acid-modified starches, oxidized starches, starch esters, starch ethers, di-aldehyde starches, and cationic starches.
1.1 Natural Starches
Starch occurs naturally in the plants and its percentage varies with the plant and also in different parts of the same plant. Corn (maize) sorghum grain wheat, rice, potato, tapioca, arrowroot and sago are among the important sources of natural starches. The grains of barley, rye, oat, and the millets are also employed in the production of starches.
1.1 Natural Starches
Starch occurs naturally in the plants and its percentage varies with the plant and also in different parts of the same plant. Corn (maize) sorghum grain wheat, rice, potato, tapioca, arrowroot and sago are among the important sources of natural starches. The grains of barley, rye, oat and the millets are also employed in the production of starches.
1.2 Tapioca
The roots of tapioca plant (manihot utillissimax) from one of the major sources of starch, ranking next to potato in the commotion by starch industry. Tapioca plant, also known as cassava and manioc, thrives in equatorial regions between the Topic of Capricorn. There are as many as seventy five varieties of cassava plant of which two varieties viz., bitter and sweet are widely cultivated; the bitter is usually grown for the purposes if the manufacture of starch, as it contains a higher content of starch. The starch content of the plant varies between 12 and 33 per cent. The ratio of the percentage of any lase to amylopection has been found to be 16:84. More than hal of the total world arreage under tge cultivation of cassava is confined to the African countries such as Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria, Zambia, Nyasaland, Sierra Leone and Zanzibar and the rest come from the tropical regions of other continents.
1.3 Cereal Starches
The cereal starches such as maize wheat, rice and sorghum, are recovered by several processes of which the wet-milling is by far the most important. Other processes commercially employed in the manufacture of unmodified starches are that alkali, Martin and batter in the order of decreasing importance. Of the material methods earlier used for the production of starch and which has now become obsolete mention may be made of the Hakka, Alsation and Fescas processes. In all the above processes, Starch is recovered in five stages:
a) Softening or steeping of the grains, after thorough washing in water.
b) Tabling or centrifugation of the ground mass.
c) Dewatering and drying of the final products.
d) The recovery of important by products.
1.4 Raw Materials
The principal raw materials, used by the Indian Starch Industry are maize and tapioca.
1.4.1 Maize
Maize is grown in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Mysore, and Haryana.
1.4.2 Chemicals
The important chemicals used by the starch industry are hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, soda ash, sulphur and activated carbon and all these are manufactured in the country
1.4.3 Tamarind Seed
Tamarind trees (Tamarindus indica) are found natur alized almost throughout the plains and sub- Himalayan tracts of India. The pulp of tamarind fruits, known as imli, is used as an acid flavoring agent. The seeds constitute 34 percent starch of the fruits and contain on an average 60 percent starch, Statistical information on the annual production of fruit pulp and seeds is not available.
