Description
INTRODUCTION
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIS OF HONEY
- Viscosity
- Variation of the viscosity of honey
- Variation of the viscosity of while clover honey
- Viscosity of sweet clover honey
- Density
- True specific gravity of honeys with different water content
- Hygroscopicity
- Surface tension
- Approximate equilibrium between relative humidity(RH) of ambient air and water content of a clover honey
- Thermal properties
- Colour
- Crystallization
- Different coloured honeys of unifloral and multifloral origin.
- Honeys in different stages
COMPOSITION OF HONEY
- Average composition of US honeys and ranges of values
- Physiological effects of honey
- Unconfirmed circumstantial evidence
- Nutritional benefits
- Benefits to the digestive apparatus
- Benefits to the respiratory system
- Benefits to skin and wound healing
- Benefit to eye disorders
- Medicine like benefit
- Diabetes
- Ayurvedic medicine
- Other benefits
- Scientific evidence
- Energy source
- Non energetic nutrients
- Nutrients in honey in relation to human requirements
- Topical applications
- Antibacterial activity
- Classification
- Floral source
- Blended
- Polyfloral
- Monofloral
- Honeydew honey
- Classification by packaging and processing
- Preservation
- Sealed frame of honey
GRADING OF HONEY
- Indicators of quality
- Beekeeping
- History of beekeeping
- Wild honey harvesting
- Invention of the movable comb hive
- Evolution of hive designs
- Pioneers of practical and commercial beekeeping
TRADITIONAL AND MODERN BEEKEEPING
- Fixed frame hives
- Modern beekeeping
- Movable frame hives
- Top bar hives
- Productive clothing
- Smoker
- Effects of stings and of protective measures
- Natural beekeeping
- Urban beekeeping
- Bee colonies
- Castes
- Maling of queens
- Female worker bees
- Male bees(drones)
- Differing stages of development
- Structure of a bee colony
- Annual cycle of a bee colony
- Formation of new colonies
- Colony reproduction, swaming and supersedure
- Factors that trigger swarming
- Artificial swarming
NEW USES OF HONEY
- As a food
- As a food ingredient
- As an ingredient in medicine like products
- Indicators of quality
- Health effects
- Allergies
- Burms dressing Cancer
- Cough
- Immune System
- Ingrown lonenail
- Ulcers
- Health hazand
- Botulism
- Toxic honey
FERMENTATION OF HONEY PRODUCTS
- Others
HARVESTING AND PROCESING OF HONEY
- Colony management
- Unifforal honeys
- Honey presses in the foreground and water jacketed setting tanks in the background at the honey processing centre
- Contamination during production
- Contamination during harvesting
- Cleanliness
- Beekeeping methods which may have negative effects on the quality of the honey
- Processing
- Purification
- Small, common honey press
- Larger honey press used to squeeze honey from cappings
- Manual 4 frame radial
- Moisture content
- Prevention of fermentation
- Healing
- Smal to medium scale vacuum drier for removing moisture from already extracted honey
- Small scale heating of honey in a water bath
- Time required on hot rooms for melting a finely crystallized honey
- Packaging
- Few small honey packages for tourists or hotels restaurants and airlines
- Display of various decorative honey containers and dispensers
- Storage
- Diastase half lives calculated for different storage temperatures
- Quality control
- Adulteration
- Production quality
- A simple field test for adulteration of honey
- Outline of quality control measures taken by a typical European honey processor on honey prior to processing
HONEY EXTRACTOR
HONEY PROCESSING UNIT
- Materials
- Other Requirements
- Workmanship
- Layout of honey processing plan
- Layout of processing cum moisture reduction unit
HONEY AND HONEY ADULTERATION DETECTION
- Honey Chemical, Physical and Rheological properties
- Chemical composition
- Minor Constitutents
- Physical properties
- Viscosity
- Hoey color
- Honey Adulteration
- Analysis methods
- Gas Chromatography (GC) and Liquid Chromatography (LC) analysis
- Near Infrared Transffectanes spectroscopy (NR)
- Fourier Transform infrend (FTIR) spectroscopy with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR)
- Protein characterization
- High Performance Anion Exchange Chromato graphy with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD)
- Liquid Chromatography Coupled to isotope Ratio Mass Spectromety (HPLC-IRMS)
- Calorimetric methods (Application of DSC)
- Stable Carbon Isotope Ratio Analysis (SCIRA)
- Fourier Transform (FT)
- Raman spectroscopy
- Microscopic detection
PROPERTIES OF HONEY
- Fludity and viscosity
- Dependence of the viscosity (in poise) on the water content and temperature of liquid honey alter
- Specific gravity of honeys with different water content
- Hygroscopicity
- Approximate equillibrium between reliative humidity (RH) of ambient air and water content of a clover honey
- Thermal properties
- Electrical conductivity
- Colour
- Optical rotation
CHEMISTRY OF HONEY
- The main chemical components of honey
- The comparative analyses of ten samples of light and dark honeys in ash content
- Mineral constituents of thirty four 100 gram samples of average honeys in mg
MANUFACTURING OF DRIED HONEY
- What is the relative sweetness of different sugars and sugar substitutes and sugar substitutes?
- Sucrose is 100 and the standard of comparison
- Relative Sweetness of Sugar Alcohols 25C tap water sucrose 100
PRODUCTION OF HONEY
- How Honey is Produced
- When to take honey from hives
- How much honey to take
- Honey from brood nests
- Floral honeys
- Queen excluders
- Methods of removing honey
- Shake and brush
- Let them drift
- Escape boards
- Notes on escape boards
- Blowers
- From the hive to the extractor
PROPERTIES OF HONEY POWDER
- Materials and Methods
- Result and Discussion
- The properties of honey and filler materials
- Chemical and physical properties of honey and filler material
- Yield
- The properties of honey powder
- Chemical properties
- Chemical properties of honey powder
- The color properties of honey powder of spray and vaccum drying method
- The instant properties of honey powder
- Color properties
- Instant properties
- Hedonic Score of honey powder of spray and vacuum drying method
- Sensory properties
- Conclusion
APPARATUS FOR REMOVING MOISTURE FROM HONEY
CRYSTALLIZATION OF HONEY
- Why honey crystallizes
- How fast will honey crystallize
- Relative Crystallization Speed of Various Honeys
- Liquefying crystallized honey
- Avoiding crystallization
- Method of crystallization of honey
MEDICINAL USES AND HEALTH BENEFITS OF HONEY
- Honey’s Nutritional Value
- Therapeutic uses
- Health Benefits of Honey
- Osmotic Effect
- Hydrogen Peroxide
- In Diabetic Ulcers
- Acidity
- Nutraceutical Effects
- Medicinal Properties
- Medicinal Uses
- Honey as Antibiotic
- Diabetic Benefits
- Time Frame
- Gastrointestinal Effects
- Limitations
- Recent Medicinal
- Research on Honey
USES OF HONEY IN HEALING OF MULTIPLY INFECTED SKIN LESIONS FOLLOWING MENINGOCOCCAL SEPTICAEMIA
- Case report
- Discussion
USES OF HONEY AS VACCINE
- Description
- Immunization Against Honey Antigens
- Anti Honey of Anti Bee Milk Projects Lung Tissue from Damage Induced by
- Antigens in Cigarette Smoke
BEE VENOM AND ITS MEDICAL USES
- Physical Characteristics of Venom
- The composition of bee venom
- Biochemical composition of venom of insects that frequently sting humans
- Known allergens in insect venomsa Allergen
- Composition of venom from honeybee worker
- Honey bee venom collection and adult worker bee collection
- Venom Collection
- Adult worker bee collection
- The allergic for honey bee venom
- Allergic Reactions to lnsect stings
- Allergy Test
- Medical uses of bee venom
- Normal and allergic reaction to insect stings
- List of diseases and health problems improved or healed according to anecdotal reports
- Technique
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HONEY
- Variation in antibacterial activity
- Degree of variance observed
- Association with floral source
- Reasons for variance
- Bactericidal or bacteriostatic action
- Duration of bacteriostasis
- Bactericicidal action of honey
- Stability of antibacterial activity
- Sensitivity to heat
- Sensitivity to light
HONEY AND ITS ANTI INFFAMMATORY, ANTI BACTERIAL AND ANTI OXIDANT PROPERTIES
- Anti Bacterial and would Healing Activity
- Anti Inflammatory Effects
- Anti Oxidant Activity of Honey
NONEY HERB BATH SOLUTION
- Description
- The Honey
- The Naturally Pure Essential Oils
- The Herbal Extracts in Alcohol
- The Surfactants
HONEY ROASTED NUTS
- Flowsheet illustrating schematically one embodiment of the process of the method
DEVELOPMENT OF A BREAD FORMULATION WITH HONEY POWDER AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION
- Bread formulations
- Characterization of Flour Mixture
- Rapid Visco Analyzer
- Bread Preparation
- Bread Characterization and Storage
- Loaf volume, specific Volume and Density
- Crumb and Crust Color
- Crumb and Crust Moisture
- Analysis of Texture
- Condition for Ageing Tests and Model Used to Describe Staling
- Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
- Physico chemical Characterization of read
- RVA analysis for flour samples
- Loaf volume, Density, Specific density and %Weight loss of bread samples (Day 0)
- Crumb color 1″ a” and b” values of bread during storage
- Crust color L” a” and b” values of bread during storage
- Moisture content (%) values of bread crum
- Moisture content (%) values of bread crust