Description
TECHNOLOGY OF BLOW MOLDING
- Extrusion blow moulding
- Continuous extrusion equipment
- Intermittent extrusion machinery
- Spin trimming
- Injection blow molding
- Injection Stretch blow molding process
- Advantages
- Disadvantages
BLOW MOULDING PROCESS
- Basic Blow Moulding Process
- Extrusion Blow Moulding
- Injection Blow Moulding
- Stretch Blow Moulding
- Injection Stretch Blow Moulding
- Extrusion Stretch Blow Moulding
- Injection blow moulding
- Injection stretch blow moulding process sequence
- Polymers used for Blow Moulding Process
- Requirements for Blow Moulding Materials
- Process Based Requirements for Material Suitability
- Extrusion blow moulding
- Injection blow moulding/Stretch blow moulding
- Coextrusion blow moulding
- End use criteria for material selection
- Selection of Material for Packaging Application
- End use applications of polypropylene Blow moulded products
- Mineral water bottles
- Properties of Repol Blow Moulding Grades
- Why polypropylene for blow moulding
- Processing Polypropylene
- Screw and Barrel Design
- Processing Temperatures
- Tooling for Polypropylene
- Moulds
- Deflashing
- Parison Transfer
- Resin Properties
- Additives
- Shrinkage
- process of Blow moulding
- Basic Features of a Typical Mould
- Continuous extrusion machines
- Accumulator head machines
- Co-extrusion and sequential 3-D blow moulding
- Hard component Soft component
- Laydow process
- Movable mould
- Movable die head
- Laydown process
- Parison manipulation process
- 3D Suction process
- Injection blow moulding
- The blow moulding machine important considerations
- Screw and barrel design
- Suction blow moulding process
- Suction blow moulding process
- Suction blow moulding process
- Manifold/adapter design
- Accumulator & continuous extrusion head design
- Die/head tooling design
- Divergent head tooling
- Convergent head tooling
- Parison cutters
- Mould clamping force
- Temperature control
- Auxiliary equipment
- Machine operating conditions
- Quick reference
- Barrel temperatures
- Adapter, head and die temperatures
- Summary of processing recommendations for blow moulding resins
- Accumulator push-out pressures & speeds
- Parison programming
- Mould temperature
- Start up procedures
- Purging and shutdown
- Secondary operations
- Special conditions for injection blow moulding and pressblower (Ossberger) operation
- Injection blow moulding conditions
- Blow Moulding Conditions Ossberger SBE 50 Machine
- Handling of blow moulding resins
- Effects of moisture
- Drying
- Regrind
- Bulk Storage
- Mould design guidance
- General
- Blow up (draw) ratio
- Mould shrinkage allowances and part dimensions
- Pinch off designs
- Other mould considerations
- Double Dam Pinch off Design
- Troubleshooting guide
INTERNAL COLLING FOR THE BLOW MOLDING INDUSTRY
- Blow Molding Process
- Mold Sweat
- Internal Air Cooling Systems
- The Blowing Tools and the Blow Valve blocks
- The Blow Molding Booster
- The blow Air Chiller
MULTIASPECT ANALYZES OF BLOW MOULDING PROCESS
- Schematic division of the blow moulding process
- Methodology
- Determination of the Barus number
- Measurements of the temperature distribution on the parison surface
- Registration of the phenomena which occur during the blowing stage
- Investigation results
- Barus effect
- Exampled of the results for Barus number for individual values of the extrusion nozzle gap G (mm
- Temperature distribution on the parison surface
- registration of the phenomenon which occurs during blowing process
PLASTIC BOTTOLE BLOW MOULDING
- Background to the Industrial Energy
- Efficiency Accelerator
- Background to the plastic bottle blow moulding sector
- What the sector manufactures
- How the sector manufactures
- Factors affecting business decisions
- Customer demands
- Flow diagram showing the main stages of the extrusion blow moulding process and the major energy demands
- How energy is used in processing
- Extrusion blow moulding
- Flow diagram showing the main stages of the injection stretch blow moulding proces and the major energy demands
- Factors affecting business decisions in the plastic bottle blow moulding sector
- EBM Electricity consumption
- A breakdown of electricity consumption for an extrusion blow moulding machine
- Plastic Blow Moulding
- Injection stretch blow moulding
- A breakdown of electricity consumption during the blow stage of injection stretch blow moulding
- Impact of bottle weight
- Impact of speed of production
- Equipment idling
- Effect of different bottle weights on energy consumption for extrusion blow moulding processes
- The relationship between extrusion rate and power consumption of extruder and heater
- Power consumption (kW) of an EBM machine
- Power consumption (kW) of an ISBM machine
- Heat loss
- Thermal image showing heat radiating from a motor
- Operator practice
- Energy management
- Energy consumption of extrusion blow moulding machines for different bottle weights
- Energy consumption of injection stretch blow moulding machines for different bottle weights
- Energy consumption of extrusion blow moulding machines by rate of extrusion
- Opportunities
- Innovation in process control
- Control of granulators (EBM)
- Cost
- Barriers
- Production planning (ISBM)
- Cost
- Barriers
- Innovative equipment
- Induction barrel heating (EBM)
- Cost
- Heating the barrel using induction energy
- Barriers
- Barrel insulation (EMB)
- Barriers
- Infrared lamps (ISBM)
- Barriers
- Next steps
- Work together
- Install smart metering
- Think strategically
- Get support
PET BLOW MOULDING MACHINES
- Detailed Description
- First Preferred Embodiments of a two stage process
- Side view of a prior art parison
- Side view of a parison incorporating features usable with embodiments of the present method
- Side view of a preform according to a further embodiment of the method
- Side view of a container formed
- Partial side sievational view of a blow moulded PET container formed from a preform usable with one embodiment of the method
- The steps of formation of a parison usable with another embodiment of the method
- Side view of a die in open position for manufacture of a preform
- The die of in closed position
- Top view of two stage injection, blow mould machine adapted to receive preforma and biaxially orient them into blow containers according to embodiments of the method
- Side section view of a lifting lowering and rotating mechanism for handle covers for use
- Side view of the die
- Alternative side section view of the mechanism
- First and second side section views of a preform adapted for loading into the machine
- Side section, close up view of the machine of Fig 6.9 showing a preform with handle cover lowered over the handle portion thereof
- Perspective view of the preform of Fig 6.13
- Perspective view of a container blow
- Top view of the mould
- Bottom view of Fig 6.17 with both half moulds in opposed retationship
- Further bottom view showing the preform in the position
- Plan view of a half mould adapted for blowing preforms on the machine
- Section view through the half mould
- Side view of the container blown in the mould from
- Side view of a preform incorporating an enlarged first nonexpanding region usable with embodiments of method
- Detail side section view of the neck and top handle portion of the container
- Section view through the mould
- An alternative side view of preform of Fig 6.24
- Side view of a container blown
- Side view of yet a further alternative embodiment of a preform incorporating a lengthened or enlarged first non expanding zone and adapted for blowing on the machine
- Perspective view of the preform of Fig 6.24
- Side view of a container blown from the preform of Fig 6.29 on the machine of Fig 6.9
- Perspective view of the container
- Side section view of a container blown in the mould
- Plan view of a half mould for blowing the preform
- Plan view of the half mould
- Detail side section view of the neck and top handle portion of the container
- First perspective view of a container usable with embodiments of the method particularly adapted to resist high internal pressures
- First side view of the container
- Second side view of the container
- second perspective view of the container
- Plan view of container
- Perspective view of the preform
- Side view of a preform from which the container can be blown
- Perspective view of a container with strap connected handle according to an embodiment of the method
- Side view of a preform from which the container
- Side section view of the resulting container blown from the preform of Fig 6.44
- Side section view of a preform having a multiple integral connection handle according to an embodiment of the method
- Side section view of an alternative embodiment of a container having a multiple integral connection handle
- Side section view of a preform having a multiple integral connection handle according to a further embodiment of the method
- Perspective view of the preform of Fig 6.48
- Side section view of a preform having a multiple integral connection handle according to a further embodiment of the method
- Perspective view of a container blow of a container blown from the preform
- Top view of the container of Fig 6.50
- Side view of a preform utilised as stock in a stretch blow moulding machine according to an embodiment of the method
- Bottom view of the container of fig 6.50
- Side view of a container produced from the stretch blow moulding machine according to a first embodiment of the method
- Plan view of a stretch blow moulding machine according to a first embodiment of the method
- Side view of the assembly of Fig 6.56 passing through a heating phase on machine
- Side view of the preform of Fig 6.53 being loaded onto a transport mandrel having a nesting shield for transport through the machine of Fig 6.55
- Side view of the assembly of Fig. 6.56 being aligned prior to entry into a die on machine of Fig 6.3
- Side view of the assembly of Fig 6.56 in an initial position within a die on the machine
- Perspective view of the shield of the assembly of Fig 6.56
- Perspective view of a 16 cavity preform mould suitable for injection moulding preforms in a first stage of a modified two stage process
- Side view of the assembly of Fig. 6.56 in a blow moulding position within the die of Fig 6.59
- Perspective view of a preform produced by the mould
- End view of the mould of fig 6.62 in substantially open position
- Side view, partially cut away of the mould of Fig 6.62
- End view of the mould of Fig 6.62 in substantially closed position
- Partially cut away view of the mould of Fig 6.62
- Partially cut away view of the mould of Fig 6.62 in substantially open condition
- Schematic plan view of a stretch blow moulding machine of a two stage process
- Detail of injector nozzles of the preform unit of Fig 6.62
- An end view of the mould of Fig 6.62 showing a preform injection operation,
- The injector nozzle arrangement of in a shut off condition
- Perspective detail view of a preform handle orienting apparatus
- Sectioned view of an oriented preform attached to a mandrel of the preheating stage transport system with the preform handle located in a heat shield.
- Perspective view of an indexing table for transferring oriented preforms to the mandrels of preheating stage transport system
- Enlarged sectioned side view of the preform and heat shield arrangement
- Preferred arrangement of a bank of heater elements arranged for preheating a preform according to the present method
- Orientation
- Description
- Detailed Description of Methods of Manufacture Incorporating Modified Two stage stretch blow moulding Machines
- Container Resistant to Internal Pressures
- Tag Connected Handle
- Second Preferred Embodiments of Modified two stage process
- First Preferred Embodiment of a Second Stage of a Two Stage Process
- Handle Orientation
- Transfer to Transport System and heating Stage
- Heating Stage
- Rotation Through Heat Conditioning
- Blow Moulding
ROTATIONAL BLOW MOULDING PROCESS
- The four main stages of the rotational moulding process
- The Rotational Moulding Process
- Clamping of mould
- Top of mould is attached and clamped
- Operator begins charging mould
- Securing clamp
- Arm with mould & Rotolog moving into oven
- Powder pouring into mould
- Overview of Rotational Blow Moulding
- Arm begins to rotate as oven doors close
- Mould in demoulding bay being rotated into a convenient orientation to assist demoulding
- Lid removal using a crane
- Tank mould in cooler
- Removal of mould in insert holder
- Final part removal from mould
- Moulding ready for finishing operations
- PVC protector for sports helmet
- Polyurethane rotomoulded head
- Special Nature of Rotational Blow Moulding
- Stages during oven heating
- Advantages of Rotational Blow moulding
- Rotomoulded parts with & without bubbles
- Decorative lamp shades
- Disadvantages of Rotational Blow Moulding
MOULDS
- Sheet metal mould for a vertical tank
- Mould Materials
- Sheet steel
- Properties of common mould mateials
- Cast aluminium mould
- Aluminium
- Electroformed Nickel
- Electroplated nickel mould of mannequin head
- Comparison Between Mould Materials
- Mould Design
- mould Frame
- Moulded-in Inserts
- Multiple moulds on frame
- Moulded in Handles
- Temporary inserts
- Typical brass inserts
- Moulded in handle
- Movable Cores
- Threads
- Large mould with movable core to aid demoulding
- Movable core detail
- Mould Venting
- Thread detail improved through mold in Graphic Systems@Surface Enhancer
- Mould Surface Finish
- Highly polished mould
- Movable mould showing central vent
- Mould Release
- Mould Preparation for Release Agent
- Reactive Systems
- Disiloxanes
- Conventional Systems
- Permanent Systems
- Black teflon coated mould
- Hybrid Systems
ROTATIONAL BLOW MOULDING MACHINERY
- Types of Rotational Blow Moulding Machines
- Carousel Machines
- Fixed arm turret machine
- Independent arm carousel machine
- Two station shuttle machine
- Two station shuttle machine with cooler bay doors
- Shuttle Machines
- Clamshell Machines
- Clamshell machine open
- Clamshell machines in series
- Clamshell mechine closed
- Rock and Roll Machines
- Other Types of Machines
- Open flame rock and roll machine
- Rocking oven machine
- Rocking oven machines in series
- Mould opened on direct electrical heating machine
- Direct electrical heating machine
- Slip rings
- Leonardo automatic rotomoulding machine
- Mould Swing
- A typical drop arm
- Typical straight arm
- Mould swing diameters
- Mould Speed
- Speed Ratio
- Recommended speed ratios for various mould shapes
- Oven Air Flow Amplification
- Example of a Venturi (air mover)
- Cooling
- The Venturi principle
- Developments in Machine Control
- Internal Air Temperature Measurement in Rotational Moulding
- Typical temperature traces for a rotational moulding cycle
- Bubble formation and removal in rotational moulding
- The Rotolog process control system
- Monitoring Pressure Inside a Mould
- Pressure and temperature monitoring system on a rock and roll or rocking oven machine
- Pressure and temperature monitoring system using gas line on moulding machine
- Measurement of temperature and pressure in Rotating Mould
MATERIALS FOR ROTATIONAL BLOW MOULDING
- Typical Characteristics of Rotationally Moulded Plastics
- Material Used in Rotational Moulding
- Polyethylene
- Typical usage of plastics in North American rotational moulding industry
- Rotomouldability of plastics
- Property changes with increasing melt index
- Density ranges of polyethylene
- Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
- High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
- Typical chain branching in LDPE
- Low levels of chain branching typical of HDPE and MDPE
- Branching typical of LLDPE
- Medium Density Polyethylene (MDPE)
- Linear Low Density Polyethylene
- Property changes with increasing polyethylene density
- Metallocene Polyethylene
- Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)
- Ethylene Butyl Acrylate (EBA)
- Polypropylene (PP)
- Polyamides (Nylone)
- EVA traffic bollard
- Nylon 6
- Nylon 11 and Nylon 12
- Reaction Injection Moulding (RIM) Nylon
- Amorphous Materials
- Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
- Fluoropolymers
- Nylon roto lined pipe
- Other Plastics
- Additives Used in Rotational Moulding Materials
- PVC exercise/fitness device
- Rotomoulded polycarbonate part
- Fillers
- Plasticisers
- Calcium carbonate filler
- Lubricants
- Stabilisers
- Anti Oxidants
- Ultraviolet Stabilisers
- Flame Retardants
- Crosslinking Agents
- Foaming Agents
- Polyurethane foam filled trolley
- Drop box on mould
- Pigments
- Drop box on mould, open showing valve position
- Foam PE door panel
- Powders for Rotational Moulding-Grinding or Pulverising
- Powder pigments
- Stages in the grinding of powders for rotational moulding
- Hopper containing granules
- Granule feed system
- Typical grinding mill for polyethylene
- Vertical mill grinding head
- Typical vertical mill grinding plates for plastic powders
- Typical horizontal grinding plates for rotational moulding powders
- Horizontal grinding head
- Side view of cutting plates with different numbers of teeth
- Grinding plate
- Particle Size Distribution
- ASTM E-11 US sieve sizes
- Typical sieve shaker used for rotational moulding powders
- Typical particle size distributions for polyethylene used in rotational moulding
- Dry Flow
- Equipment required for dry flow and bulk density analysis
- Bulk density
- Factors Affecting Powder Quality
- Dry flow and bulk density apparatus
- Variation of dry flow rate with bulk density for rotomoulding powders
- Gap Size
- Number of Mill Teeth
- Grinding Temperature
- Effect of grinding temperature on bulk density and dry flow rate
- Effect of grinding temperature on particle shape
- Micropelletising
- Colouring of Plastics for Rotational Moulding
- Types of Pigments
- Typical tumble/dry blender
- Typical high speed blender
- Blender barrel
- Blender blades
- Compounding line
- Types of pigment
QUALITY CONTROL IN ROTATIONAL BLOW MOULDING
- Wall Thickness Distribution
- Cross section showing greater thickness in corner of rotomoulded part
- Typical wall thickness ranges for rotationally moulded plastics
- Tank with shielding on lid
- Shrinkage
- Dial gauge and microscope attachment for determining shrinkage
- Shrinkage Guidelines
- Linear shrinkage values for rotationally moulded polymers
- Control of Shrinkage
- Effect of Release Point on Shrinkage
- Effect of release temperature on shrinkage of rotationally moulded polyethylene with different typies of pigment
- Other Factors Affecting Shrinkage
- Release Temperature
- Natural PE
- Warpage
- Typical warpage values for rotationally moulded plastics
- Control of Warpage
- Warpage as a function of cooling method and mould material
- Warpage
- Distance along moulding
- Effect of internal cooling on the structure of a rotationally moulded plastic part
PLANT ECONOMICS OF BLOW MOULDED PLASTIC CONTAINERS
- Plant and Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF HDPE, PVC and CPVC PIPES AND FITTINGS
- Plant and Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF INJECTION AND BLOW MOULDED PLASTIC PRODUCTS
- Plant and Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF INJECTION MOULDED PLASTIC AUTOPARTS
- Plant and Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF INJECTION MOULDING OF CHAIRS
- Plant and Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF INJECTION MOULDING UNIT
- Plant and Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF PET BOTTLES RECYCLING PLANT
- Plant and Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF PET INJECTION MOULDING USED MAINLY FOR MINERAL WATER PACKING (PET PREFORM)
- Plant and Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF PET PREFORM AND PET JARS
- Plant and Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF PLASTIC WATER STORAGE TANKS
- Plant and Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF UPVC WINDOWS FROM UPVC PROFILES
- Plant and Machinery
- Fixed Capital
- Raw Materials
- Total Working Capital/Month
- Total Capital Investment
- Turn Over/Annum
