NICOTINE SULPHATE 40% AND 99% PURITY FROM TOBACCO WASTE/DUST/WASTE LEAVES

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From harvesting of tobacco to manufacture of products, large quantities of waste materials comprising rejected leaves broken bits of lamina nidribs, stalks and stems accumulate such materials however can be utilized with considerable benefit. Nicotine and tobacco seeds are by far the most important by products derived from tobacco waste.

In addition many other chemicals like nicotine acid, nicotine sulphate, rutin, pectic and certain organic acids can be produced from these wastes.

The average nicotine content in Indian tobacco waste is 1-3% waste containing even less than 2 percent nicotine can be utilized. A simple and economic process by which about 95% of the nicotine present in tobacco waste can be recovered as nicotine sulphate has been developed by National Chemical Laboratory, Poona, and is being commercially exploited by Tobacco By Products Ltd., Guntur Urvakunj Tobacco By Products, Dharmaj (Gujarat) is also one of the nicotine sulphate manufacturing units.

Nicotine sulphate is extensively used in the control of insect pest of agricultural importance. It is being manufactured from waste tobacco and from the liquors obtained from factories making chewing and smoking tobacco. The waste tobacco is macerated with water and lime and then steam distilled. The distillate is neutralized with sulphuric acid and concentrated.

USES AND ADVANTAGE OF NICOTINE SULPHATE

1. Nicotine sulphate is classed as a contact insecticide, but appears to act principally as a furnigant and some times as a stomach poison.

2. It is effective against a number of vegetable and fruit pests, particularly the soft bodied and minute insects including aphids, white flies, leaf hoppers, thrips, red spiders, snails slugs, and cabbage butterfly larvac.

3. It is not persistent, and at high dilutious commonly used; it does not leave dangerous traces in products for human consumption.

4. Nicotine sulphate is safer and more convenient to handle and the free alkaloid is rapidly liberated by the addition of soap, hydrated lime, or ammonium hydroxide to the spray solution.

5. Nicotine sulfate (C10H14N). H2SO4 has been in used as a aphicide on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals because it is less volatile than nicotine and safer to handle.

Nicotine Sulphate is an insecticide of plant origin. It is very effective against a wide range of insect-pests affecting crops of economic importance as well as on ectoparasites affecting livestock.

Chemical Composition:

Nicotine Sulphate 40% contains Nicotine Alkaloid 400gm/1000gm i.e., 40%(w/w) Vegetable Oils, Tar, etc. 20gm /1000gm i.e.,2% (w/w) Water and other ingredients 580gm/1000 gm i.e., 58% (w/w).

Mode of Action:

Nicotine Sulphate acts upon the central nervous system of the insects. It has both contacts as well as fumigation action.

Uses:

• Nicotine Sulphate 40% is used to kill aphids, bugs, worms, leafhoppers and similar sucking insects which attack and destroy fruit, vegetables, crops and even flowers. It is also effective against Lice, Mites and Ticks which are a menace to livestock.

• Nicotine Sulphate is a salt of nicotine and sulfuric acid. The nicotine is extracted from tobacco leaves and fixed as nicotine sulfate. Nicotine Sulphate is a brown liquid with a specific gravity of 1.2

• Nicotine Sulphate is a starting material for manufacturing purified nicotine complying USP and EP pharmacopeias. Nicotine USP/EP is widely used in manufacturing salts and complexes of nicotine and electronic cigarettes.

Special Features:

• Nicotine Sulphate being washable in water does not have any toxic remnant; hence it is a very safe pesticide.

• Nicotine Sulphate being an insecticide of plant origin does not pollute the environment.

• No immunity has ever been developed by any pest against this product during its ninety-year continuous usage.

Advantages:

• While synthetic pesticides leave toxic remnants on fruits and vegetables, Nicotine Sulphate being highly bio-degradable does not leave any objectionable residue on market produce. Hence, it is an extremely safe pesticide.

• Nicotine Sulphate being an insecticide of plant origin does not pollute the environment like other chemical insecticides.

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Description

INTRODUCTION
USES AND ADVANTAGE OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION:
MODE OF ACTION:
USES:
SPECIAL FEATURES:
ADVANTAGES:
PROPERTIES OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
HAZARD AND SHIPPING REGULATION:-
PHYSIOLOGY & TECHNOLOGY OF NICOTINE
NICOTINE COMPOUND
NICOTINE SULPHATE 40% SOLUTION
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
1. SCOPE
2. REQUIREMENTS
3. PACKING AND MARKING
4. SAMPLING
5. TESTS
DETERMINATION OF NICOTINE CONTENT
A-1 METHOD
A-2 REAGENTS
SEDIMENTATION TEST
B-1 PROCEDURE
B-2 REPORT
COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION NICOTINE SULPHATE 40% SOLUTION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION:
MODE OF ACTION:
USES:
CHEMICAL FORMULA:
ADVANTAGES:
NICOTINE SULPHATE 40%
MARKET OVERVIEW OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
THIS IS BECAUSE OF TWO MAIN REASONS
NICOTINE MARKET IN INDIA
PRODUCTS FROM TOBACCO AND TOBACCO WASTES:
NICOTINE/NICOTINE DERIVATIVES FROM TOBACCO:
NICOTINE AND ITS COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT DERIVATIVES:
WORLD PESTICIDE MARKET AND PROSPECTS FOR NICOTINE SULPHATE
STATUS OF TOBACCO WASTE BASED INDUSTRIES IN INDIA
OVERVIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR NICOTINE BASED PRODUCTS
NEED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATE USE FOR TOBACCO:
[COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT APPLICATIONS]:
A LOOK AT THE ORGANS OF THE BODY HARMED BY TOBACCO SMOKE
PHARMACEUTICAL USE OF NICOTINE:
COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF NICOTINE SULPHATE & NICOTINE DERIVATIVES
MARKET PRICES OF NICOTINE AND ITS SALTS:
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:
SOME OF THE IMPORTANT PATENTED PROCESS INCLUDES:
RECOMMENDATIONS:
OVERVIEW OF NICOTINE MARKET
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
EXPORTER OF NICOTINE BASED PRODUCTS
TOBACCO WASTE SOURCE AND AVAILABILITY
SOURCES:
AVAILABILITY OF TOBACCO WASTE:
PRESENT UTILIZATION OF TOBACCO WASTE:
CHEMISTRY OF NICOTINE
THE DISTILLATION AND CONCENTRATION INSTALLATION WAS BUILT UP
AS FOLLOWS:-
(1) THE STEAM DISTILLATION KETTLE.
(2) THE STEAM-HEATED NICOTINE CONCENTRATION CHAMBER.
(3) THE NICOTINE CONCENTRATIOIN FLASKS.
(D) THE DISTILLATION AND CONCENTRATION PROCESS.
(1) THE CONCENTRATION OF THE ACID IN THE FLASKS
(2) THE TEMPERATURE OF THE CONCENTRATION CHAMBER
(3) THE DLSTILLATION PERIOD
(4) THE AMMONIUNN SULPHATE FORMED IN ‘THE RECEIVING FLASKS
(5) THE SEPARATION OF THE AMMONIUM SULPHATE AND NECOTINESULPHATE
VALUE OF BY PRODUCTS
THE EXTRACTED TOBACCO RESIDUE
COMMERCIAL
CHARACTERISTICS & APPLICATION OF NICOTINE:-
MODE ACTION:-
ZONES OF CULTIVATION OF TOBACCO:-
RAW MATERIALS
TOBACCO:-
CULTIVATION
SOWING AND GROWTH
HARVEST
GLOBAL PRODUCTION
TRENDS
MAJOR PRODUCERS
UNITED STATES
CHINA
BRAZIL
INDIA
BENZENE:-
HAZARD:-
LIME:-
HAZARD:-
SULFURIC ACID:-
HAZARD:-
TOBACCO LEAF BY-PRODUCTS (TOBACCO WASTE)
MANUFACTURING PROCESS NICOTINE SULPHATE (40%)
PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND MATERIAL BALANCE OF NICOTINE SULPHATE 40%
OVERALL MATERIAL BALANCE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF NICOTINE SULPHATE 99% PURITY
VACUUM DISTILLATION WORKING PRINCIPLE
VACUUM DISTILLATION COLUMN
VACUUM IN REACTOR
ADVANTAGE OF VDU
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF NICOTINE (USP)
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
NICOTINE EXTRACTION FROM TOBACCO LEAVES
MANUFACTURING PROCESS IN DETAILS
EXTRACTION OF NICOTINE BY MEANS OF STEAM:-
PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR NICOTINE SULPHATE FROM TOBACCO WASTE
PRODUCTION OF NICOTINE SULFATE FROM TOBACCO WASTE
NICOTINE SULPHATE (MANUFACTURING PROCESS)
A) REMOVAL FROM THE RAW MATERIAL BY WATER:-
B) DIRECT REMOVAL FROM THE RAW MATERIAL STEAM:-
III. DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION
RECOVERY OF SOLVENT
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE:-
OPTIMIZATION OF NICOTINE SUPPHATE
TESTING METHOD OF NICOTINE AND NICOTINE SULPHATE
EXAMPLE L
STAGE 1 HARVESTING AND DEEP FREEZING
STAGE II MIXING AND PERCOLATION
STAGE III EXTRACTION
STAGE IV SEPARATION
STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
STAGE VI TESTING
STAGE VII PACKING
EXAMPLE 2
STAGE 1 MIXING
STAGE II PERCOLATION
STAGE III EXTRACTION
STAGE IV SEPARATION
STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
STAGE VI PACKING
STAGE VII ALKALIZATION
STAGE VIII PURIFICATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE IX DISTILLATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE X TESTING.
STAGE XI PACKING
EXAMPLE 3
STAGE 1 MIXING
STAGE II MIXING AND PERCOLATION
STAGE III EXTRACTION
STAGE IV SEPARATION
STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
STAGE VI PACKING
STAGE VIII PURIFICATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE IX DISTILLATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE X TESTING
STAGE XI PACKING
EXAMPLE 4
STAGE 1 MIXING
STAGE II PERCOLATION
STAGE III EXTRACTION
STAGE IV SEPARATION
STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
STAGE VI PACKING
STAGE VII ALKALIZATION
STAGE VIII PURIFICATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE IX DISTILLATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE X TESTING
STAGE XI PACKING
EXAMPLE 5
STAGE I WASHINGS OF THE INSOLUBLE FRACTION
STAGE II CENTRIFUGATION AND DRYING OF INSOLUBLE FRACTION
STAGE III CENTRIFUGATION AND DRYING OF INSOLUBLE FRACTION
STAGE IV RECONSTITUTION OF THE TOBACCO BY IMPREGNATION
STAGE V TESTING OF THE TOBACCO
STAGE VI PACLDNG
HAZARDOUS FACT SHEET FOR NICOTINE SULPHATE
HAZARD SUMMARY
IDENTIFICATION
REASON FOR CITATION
HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED
WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS
CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS
CANCER HAZARD
REPRODUCTIVE HAZARD
OTHER LONG TERM EFFECTS
MEDICAL
MEDICAL TESTING
EKG
CONDITIONS MADE WORSE BY EXPOSURE
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
CLOTHING
EYE PROTECTION
RESPLRATORY PROTECTION
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS.
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET NICOTINE SULPHATE 40%
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
PHYSICAL IDENTIFICATION
HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
TOXICITY DATA
STABILITY
PREVENTIVE STEPS
FIRST AID MEASURES
STORAGE & HANDLING
CONSULTANT AND TECHNOLOGY SUPPLIERS
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF TOBACCO WASTE
SUPPLIERS OF BENZENE
SUPPLIERS OF LIME POWDER
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF REACTION VESSEL
SUPPLIERS OF INDUSTRIAL FILTERS
SUPPLIERS OF DISTILLATION UNITS
SUPPLIERS OF EVAPORATORS
SUPPLIERS OF TRAY DRYER
SUPPLIERS OF DIGESTER TANKS
SUPPLIERS OF CRYSTALLIZATION TRAY
SUPPLIERS OF CENTRIFUGE MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF STORAGE TANK
SUPPLIERS OF WATER SOFTENING PLANT
SUPPLIERS OF STEAM BOILERS
SUPPLIERS OF GENERATOR (D.G. SET)
SUPPLIERS OF PACKING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF CONVEYOR BELT
SUPPLIERS OF ELEVATORS, ESCALATORS
BUYER’S OF NICOTINE SULPHATE

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

Additional information

Plant Capacity

900 Kg./Day
Land & Building

(8000 sq.mt.)
Plant & Machinery

US$ 205714
Rate of Return

63%
Break Even Point

31%

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