NICOTINE SULPHATE

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From harvesting of tobacco to manufacture of products, large quantities of waste materials comprising rejected leaves broken bits of lamina nidribs, stalks and stems accumulate such materials however can be utilized with considerable benefit. Nicotine and tobacco seeds are by far the most important by products derived from tobacco waste.

In addition many other chemicals like nicotine acid, nicotine sulphate, rutin, pectic and certain organic acids can be produced from these wastes.

The average nicotine content in Indian tobacco waste is 1-3% waste containing even less than 2 percent nicotine can be utilized. A simple and economic process by which about 95% of the nicotine present in tobacco waste can be recovered as nicotine sulphate has been developed by National Chemical Laboratory, Poona, and is being commercially exploited by Tobacco By Products Ltd., Guntur Urvakunj Tobacco By Products, Dharmaj (Gujarat) is also one of the nicotine sulphate manufacturing units.

Nicotine sulphate is extensively used in the control of insect pest of agricultural importance. It is being manufactured from waste tobacco and from the liquors obtained from factories making chewing and smoking tobacco. The waste tobacco is macerated with water and lime and then steam distilled. The distillate is neutralized with sulphuric acid and concentrated.

USES AND APPLICATIONS

1. Nicotine sulphate is classed as a contact insecticide, but appears to act principally as a furnigant and some times as a stomach poison.

2. It is effective against a number of vegetable and fruit pests, particularly the soft bodied and minute insects including aphids, white flies, leaf hoppers, thrips, red spiders, snails slugs, and cabbage butterfly larvac.

3. It is not persistent, and at high dilutious commonly used; it does not leave dangerous traces in products for human consumption.

4. Nicotine sulphate is safer and more convenient to handle and the free alkaloid is rapidly liberated by the addition of soap, hydrated lime, or ammonium hydroxide to the spray solution.

5. Nicotine sulfate (C10H14N). H2SO4 has been in used as a aphicide on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals because it is less volatile than nicotine and safer to handle.

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Description

INTRODUCTION
USES AND APPLICATIONS
PROPERTIES
HAZARD AND SHIPPING REGULATION:-
PROPERTIEAS AND STRUCTURE OF NICOTINE
STRUCTURE OF NICOTINE
STRUCTURE OF NICOTINE
PHYSIOLOGY & TECHNOLOGY OF NICOTINE
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
1. SCOPE
2. REQUIREMENTS
3. PACKING AND MARKING
4. SAMPLING
5. TESTS
APPENDIX -A
DETERMINATION OF NICOTINE CONTENT
A-1 METHOD
A-2 REAGENTS
APPENDIX – B
SEDIMENTATION TEST
B-1 PROCEDURE
B-2 REPORT
NICOTINE SULPHATE 40%
SPECIFICATION
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION:
MODE OF ACTION:
USES:
CHEMICAL FORMULA:
ADVANTAGES:
NICOTINE SULPHATE 40%
MARKET OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
MARKET OVERIEW OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
NEED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATE USE FOR TOBACCO:
[COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT APPLICATIONS]:
A LOOK AT THE ORGANS OF THE BODY HARMED BY TOBACCO SMOKE
PHARMACEUTICAL USE OF NICOTINE:
COMMERCIAL ASPECTS OF NICOTINE SULPHATE & NICOTINE DERIVATIVES
RECOMMENDATIONS:
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
MARKET OVERVIEW OF TOBACOO
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CHEMISTRY OF NICOTINE
THE DISTILLATION AND CONCENTRATION INSTALLATION WAS BUILT
UP AS FOLLOWS:-
(1) THE STEAM DISTILLATION KETTLE.
(2) THE STEAM-HEATED NICOTINE CONCENTRATION CHAMBER.
(3) THE NICOTINE CONCENTRATIOIN FLASKS.
(D) THE DISTILLATION AND CONCENTRATION PROCESS.
(1) THE CONCENTRATION OF THE ACID IN THE FLASKS.
(2) THE TEMPERATURE OF THE CONCENTRATION CHAMBER
(3) THE DLSTILLATION PERIOD.
(4) THE AMMONIUNN SULPHATE FORMED IN ‘THE RECEIVING FLASKS.
(5) THE SEPARATION OF THE AMMONIUM SULPHATE AND NECOTINE
SULPHATE
VALUE OF BY PRODUCTS
THE EXTRACTED TOBACCO RESIDUE
COMMERCIAL
CHARACTERISTICS & APPLICATION OF NICOTINE:-
MODE ACTION:-
ZONES OF CULTIVATION OF TOBACCO:-
RAW MATERIALS
TOBACCO:-
CULTIVATION
SOWING AND GROWTH
HARVEST
GLOBAL PRODUCTION
TRENDS
MAJOR PRODUCERS
UNITED STATES
CHINA
BRAZIL
INDIA
BENZENE:-
HAZARD:-
LIME:-
HAZARD:-
SULFURIC ACID:-
HAZARD:-
TOBACCO LEAF BY-PRODUCTS (TOBACCO WASTE)
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF NICOTINE SULPHATE (40%)
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF NICOTINE 95% (INTERMEDIATE
TO ANUFACTURE NICOTINE USP/EP)
MASS BALANCE OF NICOTINE 95%
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF NICOTINE (PURE) USP
MASS BALANCE OF NICOTINE USP/EP
PROCESSING DETAILS OF NICOTINE (USP)
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
MANUFACTURING PROCESS IN DETAIL
EXTRACTION OF NICOTINE BY MEANS OF STEAM:-
PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR NICOTINE SULPHATE FROM TOBACCO WASTE
PRODUCTION OF NICOTINE SULFATE FROM TOBACCO WASTE
NICOTINE SULPHATE (MANUFACTURING PROCESS)
RECOVERY OF SOLVENT
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE:-
EXTRACTION OF ALKALOIDS
ISOLATION OF NICOTINE
ISOLATION OF NICOTINE
OPTIMIZATION OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET OF NICOTINE SULPHATE 40%
SECTION 1: CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
SECTION 2: PHYSICAL IDENTIFICATION
SECTION 3: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
SECTION 4: TOXICITY DATA
SECTION 5: STABILITY
SECTION 6: PREVENTIVE STEPS
SECTION 7: FIRST AID MEASURES
SECTION 8: STORAGE & HANDLING
TESTING METHOD OF NICOTINE AND NICOTINE SULPHATE
EXAMPLE L
STAGE 1 HARVESTING AND DEEP FREEZING
STAGE II MIXING AND PERCOLATION
STAGE III EXTRACTION
STAGE IV SEPARATION
STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
STAGE VI TESTING
STAGE VII PACKING
EXAMPLE 2
STAGE 1 MIXING
STAGE II PERCOLATION
STAGE III EXTRACTION
STAGE IV SEPARATION
STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
STAGE VI PACKING
STAGE VII ALKALIZATION
STAGE VIII PURIFICATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE IX DISTILLATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE X TESTING
STAGE XI PACKING
EXAMPLE 3
STAGE 1 MIXING
STAGE II MIXING AND PERCOLATION
STAGE IV SEPARATION
STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
STAGE VI PACKING
STAGE VIII PURIFICATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE IX DISTILLATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE X TESTING
STAGE XI PACKING
EXAMPLE 4
STAGE 1 MIXING
STAGE II PERCOLATION
STAGE III EXTRACTION
STAGE IV SEPARATION
STAGE V FILTRATION AND PURIFICATION
STAGE VI PACKING
STAGE VII ALKALIZATION
STAGE VIII PURIFICATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE IX DISTILLATION OF NICOTINE ALKALOID
STAGE X TESTING
STAGE XI PACKING
EXAMPLE 5
STAGE I WASHINGS OF THE INSOLUBLE FRACTION
STAGE II CENTRIFUGATION AND DRYING OF INSOLUBLE FRACTION
STAGE III CENTRIFUGATION AND DRYING OF INSOLUBLE FRACTION
STAGE IV RECONSTITUTION OF THE TOBACCO BY IMPREGNATION
STAGE V TESTING OF THE TOBACCO
STAGE VI PACLDNG
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF TOBACCO WASTE
SUPPLIERS OF BENZENE
SUPPLIERS OF LIME POWDER
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY [GLOBAL]
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF REACTION VESSEL
SUPPLIERS OF INDUSTRIAL FILTERS
SUPPLIERS OF DISTILLATION UNITS
SUPPLIERS OF EVAPORATORS
SUPPLIERS OF TRAY DRYER
SUPPLIERS OF DIGESTER TANKS
SUPPLIERS OF CRYSTALLIZATION TRAY
SUPPLIERS OF CENTRIFUGE MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF STORAGE TANK
SUPPLIERS OF WATER SOFTENING PLANT
SUPPLIERS OF STEAM BOILERS
SUPPLIERS OF GENERATOR (D.G. SET)
SUPPLIERS OF PACKING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF CONVEYOR BELT
SUPPLIERS OF ELEVATORS, ESCALATORS
BUYER’S LIST OF NICOTINE SULPHATE
BUYER’S OF NICOTINE SULPHATE

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

Additional information

Plant Capacity

20 Kg./Day

Land & Builing

(600 sq.mt.)

Plant & Machinery

US$.15714

Rate of Return

37%

Break Even Point

58%