PET RESIN FROM ETHYLENE GLYCOL AND TEREPHTHALIC ACID

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PET is the acronym for a very versatile and sophisticated plastic called Polyethylene Terephthalate. For sound economic and safety reasons, it’s the plastic used to make the most common container in the soft drink market today: the plastic bottle.

Successfully used in the packaging for carbonated soft drinks, bottled water, milk, juice, sports and energy drinks, jars, punnets, tubs and trays for food items, bottles for household, personal care and pharmaceutical products, and sheet and film for packaging, PET is the type of plastic labeled with the # 1 code on or near the bottom of bottles and containers.

PET is sometimes referred to as polyester and is made from mono-ethylene glycol (MEG) and purified terephthalic acid (PTA), which is derived from crude oil and natural gas.

These two crude oil derivatives are reacted under a controlled set of conditions to form a polymer. Then, in a honey-like form, this polymer is extruded through a die-plate, cast into spaghetti-like strands, and cut into pellets. These pellets are crystallised and polymerised for a second time to increase their strength and to remove volatiles. The resultant FDA compliant pellets are packaged and sent to the plastics converters to make containers.

Poly (ethylene terephthalate), or PET, is a thermoplastic polyester resin. Such resins may be classified as low-viscosity or high-viscosity resins. Low-viscosity PET typically has an intrinsic viscosity of less than 0.75, while high-viscosity PET typically has an intrinsic viscosity of 0.9 or higher. Low-viscosity resins, which are sometimes referred to as “staple” PET (when used in textile applications), are used in a wide variety of products, such as apparel fiber, bottles, and photographic film. High-viscosity resins, sometimes referred to as “industrial” or “heavy denier” PET, are used in tire cord, seat belts, and the like.

PET is used extensively in the manufacture of synthetic fibers (i. e., polyester fibers), which compose the largest segment of the synthetic fiber industry. Since it is a pure and regulated material meeting FDA food contact requirements, PET is also widely used in food packaging, such as beverage bottles and frozen food trays that can be heated in a microwave or conventional oven. PET bottles are used for a variety of foods and beverages, including alcohol, salad dressing, mouthwash, syrups, peanut butter, and pickled food. Containers made of PET are being used for toiletries, cosmetics, and household and pharmaceutical products (e. g., toothpaste pumps). Other applications of PET include molding resins, X-ray and other photographic films, magnetic tape, electrical insulation, printing sheets, and food packaging film etc.

Polyethylene terephthalate (sometimes written poly(ethylene terephthalate)), commonly abbreviated PET, PETE, or the obsolete PETP or PET-P, is the most common thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family and is used in fibers for clothing, containers for liquids and foods, thermoforming for manufacturing, and in combination with glass fiber for engineering resins.

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Description

INTRODUCTION
USES AND APPLICATION
PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS
PET IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE FOLLOWING PROPERTIES
INTRINSIC VISCOSITY (I.V.)
ACETALDEHYDE (AA) CONTENT
COLOUR
CRYSTALLINE
GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE (TG)
DEG CONTENT
CARBOXYL (COOH) END GROUPS
POLYMER DUST/FINES
PROSPECTION AND RECOGNITION OF PET
PRODUCTION METHOD FOR PET RESIN
DIMETHYL TEREPHTHALATE PROCESS
POLYESTERIFICATION REACTION IN THE PRODUCTION OF PET
THE REACTIONS ARE IDEALIZED AS FOLLOWS
TEREPHTHALIC ACID PROCESS
POLYCONDENSATION REACTION IN THE PRODUCTION OF PET
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
DEGRADATION OF PET
OVERVIEW OF PET RESIN IN AFRICA
INCREASED PACKAGED FOOD CONSUMPTION ENHANCES
THE PROSPECTS OF THE PLASTIC PACKAGING MARKET
DEMAND OF PET RESIN IN SOUTH AFRICA
GLOBAL PET MARKET POSITION AND GROWTH
BOTTLE GRADE (PET) – SHARE IN POLYESTERS
DEMAND‐SUPPLY 2012‐2016
INDIAN PER CAPITA PET CONSUMPTION
GLOBAL PET RESIN PRODUCTION CAPACITY
RAW MATERIALS
P-XYLENE
ACETIC ACID
MEG
PET RESIN ASSOCIATION
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF PET RESINS
INTERNATIONAL REGULATION FOR PET RESIN
OVERALL MIGRATION TESTS AS PER USFDA 177,1630
APPROVALS REQUIRED FOR PET RESIN
DIFFERENT FORMS OF PET
PET EXIST IN TWO FORMS
HOMOPOLYMER
COPLYMER
SEQUENCES IN PET RESIN MANUFACTURE
PROCESS OUTLINE FOR PET RESIN MANUFACTURING
ESTERIFICATION
POLYMERIZATION
SOLID STATE POLYMERISATION
DIFFERENT PROCESSES TO MANUFACTURE PET RESIN
POLYMERIZATION OF TPA TO PET
IPT (INVISTA PERFORMANCE TECHNOLOGIES) NG3TM PROCESS
M&G EASY UP PROCESS
UDHE-INVENTA-FISCHER (2R) PROCESS (UIF)
LURGI ZIMMER DHI PROCESS
EASTMAN INTEGREX
ETHOXYLATION OF TPA
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF PET RESIN
REACTION
BOTH PROCESSES CAN PRODUCE LOW AND HIGH VISCOSITY PET.
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR PET RESIN
RAW MATERIALS
TECHNOLOGIES FOR PET RESIN MANUFACTURING
PROCESS UNIT
POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) FROM DMT
POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) FROM PTA
POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE
(PET) PROCESS TECHNOLOGY
THE PET PRODUCTION PROCESS
DIRECT HIGH INTRINSIC (DHI) VISCOSITY-A COST EFFECTIVE PROCESS
STANDARD MELT POLYCONDENSATION WITH SOLID
STATE POLYCONDENSATION (SSP)
DIRECT SPINNING FOR FILAMENT AND STAPLE FIBER
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET OF PET
COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
CARCINOGENICITY INFORMATION
FIRST AID MEASURES
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
FLAMMABLE PROPERTIES
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
FIRE FIGHTING INSTRUCTIONS
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
SAFEGUARDS (PERSONNEL)
SPILL CLEAN UP
HANDLING AND STORAGE
HANDLING (PERSONNEL)
HANDLING (PHYSICAL ASPECTS)
EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
EYE/FACE PROTECTION
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL DATA
STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
CHEMICAL STABILITY
INCOMPATIBILITY WITH OTHER MATERIALS
DECOMPOSITION
POLYMERIZATION
TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
ECOTOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
SHIPPING INFORMATION
REGULATORY INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY SUPPLIERS FOR PET RESIN
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS (GLOBAL)
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
MONO ETHYLENE GLYCOL
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY (GLOBAL)
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES
MIXER FITTED WITH AGITATOR
REACTOR
PLANT LAYOUT

APPENDIX – A:

1. COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2. LAND & BUILDING
3. PLANT AND MACHINERY
4. FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5. RAW MATERIAL
6. SALARY AND WAGES
7. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9. COST OF PRODUCTION
10. PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11. BREAK EVEN POINT
12. RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13. INTEREST CHART
14. DEPRECIATION CHART
15. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

Additional information

Plant Capacity

33.33 MT/day
Land and Building

(16000 Sq.Mtr)
Plant & Machinery

Rs. 23.00 Cr
Rate of Return

18%
Break Even Point

60%
profit on sales per year

Rs. 11.12 Cr

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