PRINTING PRESS

     Printing is all around us. It is part of our lives  twenty-four  hours  a  day.  Try to imagine our civilization without Printing. For example think about the first couple hours of  your typical  day. When the alarm rings you look of the clock  to  see the time. The face of the clock is printed. You strech and  slide out from between printed sheets and go to the bathroom. There you are  surrounded by printed sheets and go to the  bathroom.  There you  are  surrounded  by printed  materials,  tooth  paste  tube, counter  top, various bottles, containers paper products,  shower curtain,  soap wrappers, towels and possibly the wallpaper.  Even your tooth brush and comb have been  printing  on  them.  The Pajama’s you take off and the clothes you put on may  have  been printed.  When you go to the kitchen for breakfast you are  again surrounded by printing. Cereal boxes, egg cartoons, orange  juice containers milk cartoons, sugar packages and when the dished have been  printed. Virtually every food product found in the kitchen is packaged or wrapped in printed materials. Some including fresh oranges may even have printed surfaces. When the wood  grain  on the kitchens cabinets and the pattern in the carpet may have been printed.  As you see for school with your printed  books,  papers and  lunch  bag,  you may pick up the  morning  paper  which  was printed  just a few hours earlier. You may get on a bus that  has printed  advertisement  displayed  your car may  have  a  printed instrument  panel  on  the way to school you  will  find  printed street  signs,  traffic signs and a multitude  of  other  printed not  so  much the atomic age as the age  of  mass  communication-better,  faster, more efficient international  communication;  an age   of   which  the  atomic  race  is  only   aspect.`   Visual communication’  a term coined only recently embraces the  graphic and  typographic arts since the second world war the  output  and standard of printing have grown to an exentent no one could  have possibly  anticipated. The concept of a crude process used only for short runs is giving way to an appreciation of  the  special characteristics,  effects and advantages of offset printing.  New and unexpected applications in contemporary printing and  graphic technology are being researched and applied almost daily.

Brief History

The  invention of printing in the western world is  credited to  Johanes Gutenberg in 1450 A.D. however movable type was  used to print on a press as early as 1041 AD by the chinese and  later by  the  Japanese  and  Korean.  What  Gutenberg  contributed  to printing  was  the  realization of its  cultural  and  commercial possibilities and the introduction to western civilization of the Šintegrated  concept  of using movable type to print with  ink  on paper  that’s on a press. This elevated the publishing  of  books from  the slow, laborious operations of handwriting  by  monastic scribes to be one of the most important inventions in the history of  mankind, and one of the mainfactors  advancing  civilizations from  the dark and middle ages. When knowledge was restricted  to the  privileged  few, to the renaissance  when  education  became available  to  all. From the hand set type of Gutenberg  we  have advanced through the industrial revolution to machine composition and  in the electronic age to computer set type. There are four main printing process relief or letter press, intaglio or gravure i.e  rotagravure,  planographic or lithography i.e.  offset;  and stencil   or  porus  printing  i.e.  screen  printing.   In   the Planographic  or  lithographic process, the image  and  non-image areas are on the same plane and the difference between image  and non  image area is maintained by the  physicochemical,  principle that  grease  and  water do not mix. The image  area  is  grease-receptive  and  water  repellent.  The  non-image  are  is  water receptive and grease repellent. Therefore the ink adheres only to the  image areas, from which it is transferred to the surface  to be  printed usually by the offset method. This process  is   used for  printing  general  commercial  literature,books  catalogues, greeting  cards, letterheads, business forms, checks,  maps,  art reproductions, labels, packages etc.

1.  INTRODUCTION
2.  PRINCIPLE OF OFFSET
3.  OFFSET PRESS OPERATION
4.  BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS
5.  USES AND APPLICATION
6.  MARKET SURVEY
7.  MANUFACTURING PROCESS
8.  PROCESS FLOW SHEET
9.  PLANT LAYOUT
10.  PLANT AND MACHINERIES SUPPLIERS
11.  RAW MATERIALS SUPPLIERS
12.  ADDRESSES OF PRESENT OFFSET PRINTERS

APPENDIX – A :

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET