Description
INTRODUCTION
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FERROUS AND NON-FERROUS METALS
FERROUS AND NON-FERROUS METALS
WHAT IS FERROUS METAL?
CHARACTERISTICS:
WHAT IS NON-FERROUS METAL?
CHARACTERISTICS:
IMPORTANT OF RECYCLE METAL
1. PRESERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
2. REDUCTION OF EMISSIONS
3. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
4. MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION
5. MAKE ROOM IN LANDFILLS FOR NON-RECYCLABLE ITEMS
6. IMPROVES AIR QUALITY AND GROUNDWATER
7. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES IN METAL RECYCLING
8. SAVES YOU MONEY
ADVANTAGES OF RECYCLING METAL
DIVERT WASTE FROM LANDFILL
REDUCE ENERGY USE
PROTECT NATURAL RESOURCES
BENEFIT ECONOMY
ENDLESS RECYCLING
THE METAL RECYCLING PROCESS
1. COLLECTION
2. SORTING
3. PROCESSING
4. CRUSHING
5. SHREDDING OR GRANULATING
6. MELTING
7. PURIFICATION
8. SOLIDIFYING OF THE METAL
(A) RECYCLING OF FERROUS METAL
CLASSIFICATION OF FERROUS METAL SCRAP
HOME SCRAP:
NEW SCRAP:
OLD SCRAP:
EQUIPMENT FOR FERROUS METALS RECYCLING:
RECYCLING PROCESS
RECEIVING AND SORTING
CUTTING SCRAP
METAL CLEANING
REMELTING SCRAP
ELECTRIC FURNACES CAN BE:
APPLICATIONS & RECYCLING FACTS
ALUMINIUM
BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION:
TRANSPORTATION:
PACKAGING:
ELECTRICITY:
COPPER
ELECTRICAL APPLICATIONS:
PIPING:
HOUSEHOLD ITEMS:
LEAD
ZINC
GALVANIZATION:
BATTERIES:
BRASS:
TIN
CANS:
CAR PRODUCTION:
NON-FERROUS METAL
RECYCLING PROCESS
SORTING AND DISMANTLING:
BALING:
SHEARING:
SHREDDING:
FURTHER SEPARATION:
MELTING:
METHODS OF NON FERROUS METAL RECYCLING
1. ELECTRO WINNING
2. PRECIPITATION
3. METAL SENSORS
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
PROCESS FLOW CHART FOR STEEL SCRAP
RECYCLING PROCESS OF METALS
STEEL SCRAP AND SCRAP SORTING AND PREPARATION PROCESSES
1. SCRAP PREPARATION
PROCESSES FOR SORTING AND PREPARATION OF STEEL SCRAP
MECHANICAL PROCESSES
BALING –
BRIQUETTING –
SHEARING –
SHREDDING –
MAGNETIC SEPARATION PROCESS
EDDY CURRENT SEPARATION PROCESS
HEAVY MEDIA SEPARATION PROCESS
SEPARATION BY PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
DECOATING PROCESSES
DEZINCING PROCESS FOR STEEL SCRAP
DETINNING PROCESS FOR STEEL SCRAP
DECOPPERIZATION PROCESS FOR STEEL SCRAP
INCINERATION
RECENT STEEL SCRAP SORTING TECHNOLOGIES
PORTABLE OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETERS
COLOUR SORTING PROCESS
PROCESS UTILIZING LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY
2. MELTING
OPERATION OF INDUCTION FURNACE
IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF OPERATION
OTHER ASPECTS OF INDUCTION FURNACE STEEL MAKING
FIG 1 TYPICAL HEAT BALANCE DIAGRAM OF CRUCIBLE INDUCTION FURNACE
ENVIRONMENTAL EMISSIONS
SAFETY AND INDUCTION FURNACES
3. CASTING OF STEEL INGOT
MECHANISM OF SOLIDIFICATION OF LIQUID STEEL IN INGOT MOULD
MICRO-SEGREGATION AND MACRO-SEGREGATION IN STEEL INGOTS
FIG 1 THREE DISTINCT MACRO-STRUCTURE ZONES IN STEEL INGOTS
FIG 2 MACRO-SEGREGATION PHENOMENON DURING SOLIDIFICATION IN INGOT MOULD
DEFECTS OF KILLED STEEL INGOTS
PIPE FORMATION –
FIG 3 PIPE FORMATION DURING SOLIDIFICATION OF LIQUID STEEL IN INGOT MOULD
BLOW HOLES –
NON-METALLIC INCLUSIONS –
INGOT CRACKS –
MARKET OVERVIEW
MARKET GROWTH
KEY MARKET PLAYERS
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
STORAGE LAYOUT:
EQUIPMENT LAYOUT:
SAFETY:
PLANT EXPANSION:
FLOOR SPACE:
UTILITIES SERVICING:
BUILDING:
MATERIAL-HANDLING EQUIPMENT:
RAILROADS AND ROADS:
MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE SERVICE ARE:
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
PRIMARY FACTORS
1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
2. MARKETS:
3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
4. WATER SUPPLY:
5. CLIMATE:
SPECIFIC FACTORS
6. TRANSPORTATION:
A. AVAILABILITY OF VARIOUS SERVICES AND PROJECTED RATES
7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
8. LABOR:
9. REGULATORY LAWS:
10. TAXES:
11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
1. DEPRECIATION:
2. FIXED ASSETS:
3. WORKING CAPITAL:
4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:
5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:
6. MARGIN MONEY:
7. TOTAL LOAD:
8. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT HANDLING
PROJECT SCHEDULING
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
TIME SCHEDULE
PLANT LAYOUT
SUPPLIERS OF M.S. INGOT
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF STEEL SCRAP
SUPPLIERS OF FERRO ALLOY
SUPPLIERS OF PICKLING CHEMICALS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF SHREDDER
SUPPLIERS OF DE-COATER
SUPPLIERS OF MAGNETIC SEPARATOR
SUPPLIERS OF INDUCTION FURNACE
SUPPLIERS OF INGOT CASTING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF METAL TESTING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF PRECISION MEASURING TOOLS
SUPPLIERS OF NDT INSPECTION EQUIPMENT
SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF EOT CRANES
SUPPLIERS OF POWER TRANSFORMERS
SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRICAL PANEL
SUPPLIERS OF COOLING TOWER
SUPPLIERS OF EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT (ETP PLANT)
SUPPLIERS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF AIR COMPRESSORS
SUPPLIERS OF PLATFORM WEIGHING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
APPENDIX – A:
01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)