Description
INTRODUCTION
Principle of Operation of Solar Energy
Governing principles of Solar Energy
Solar Irradiance
Solar Constant
Solar Window
Solar Spectrum
Solar Insolation
Average Daily Solar Radiation
Peak Sun Hours
Hourly Solar Radiation data for each month of a typical year
Direct and Diffuse Solar Radiation
Advantages and Limitations of Solar Energy
Advantages
Limitations
Solar Receiver Technologies
Flat Plate Arrays
Tracking Arrays
Concentrator Arrays
Solar Photovoltaic Technologies
Crystalline Technology
Mono-Crystalline Silicon
Multi Crystalline Silicon
Thin Film Technology
Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Technology
Cadmium Telluride Thin Film Technology
Concentrated Photovoltaic Technology
Solar Thermal Technologies
Parabolic Trough
Concentrating Linear Fresnel Reflectors
Dish Stirling
Solar Chimney
Solar Power Tower
Applications of Solar Energy
Solar Photovoltaic Applications
Solar home lighting system
Solar water pumping system
Solar Power Plants
Solar Thermal Applications
Solar Water Heating Systems
MATERIALS FOR SOLAR ENERGY
Photovoltaics and Photovoltaic Cells
Types of PV cell materials
Crystalline Materials
Single crystal silicon
Polycrystalline silicon
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
Thin Film Materials
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si)
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe)
Copper Indium Diselenide (CulnSe or CIS)
SOLAR CELL MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
Raw Materials
The Manufacturing Process
Purifying the silicon
Making single crystal silicon
Making silicon wafers
Doping
Placing elctrical contacts
The anti reflective coating
Encapsulating the cell
Quality Control
Equipment for Solar Cell Production
Koyo Thermo Systems furnace model 206
Conveyor furnaces for doping of solar cells using doping paste
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF SOLAR PRODUCTS
Definition
Duty Cycle
PV module
Battery
Electronics
Lamp
Electronic Protections
Indicators
Warranty/Guarantee
Operation and Maintenance Manual
Solar Home Lighting System
Duty Cycle
Model-1 (1 Light)
Model-2 (2 Lights)
Model-3 (2 lights and 1 fan)
Model-4 (4 lights)
PV Model (s)
Battery
Lamps
Electronics
DC Fan
Electronic Protections
Mechanical Components
Other Features
Solar Street Lighting System
Definition
Duty Cycle
PV Module(s)
Battery
Lamp
Electronics
Electronic Protections
Mechanical Hardware
Other Features
SOLAR LANTERN
Solar Lantern
Introduction
Market
Manufacturing Process
Production Capacity per annum
Financial Aspects
Fixed Aspects
Fixed Capital
Land and building
Machinery & Equipments
Working capital
Raw materials
Utilities
Other contingent expenses per month
Total Capital Investment
Turnover per annum
Financial Aspects
Fixed Capital
Land and Building
Machinery & Equipments
Working Capital
Raw Materials
Utilities
Other contingent expenses per month
Total Capital Investment
Turnover per annum
LED BASED SOLAR LANTERN
Introduction
Market
Financial Aspects
Fixed Capital
Land and Building
Machinery & Equipments
Working capital
Raw Materials
Utilities
Total Capital Investment
SOLAR COOLER
Introduction
Market Potential
Process of Manufacture
Financial Aspects
Fixed Capital
Land and building
Machinery and equipment
Raw Materials
utilities (Per Month)
SOLAR LIGHT SYSTEMS
Introduction
Market Potential
Process of Manufacture
Major Components
Brief description of assembly process
Production Capacity Per Annum
Financial Aspects
Fixed Capital
Land and Building
Machinery and Equipment
Working Capital per Month
Raw material
Utilities and Power
Total Capital Investment
Ternover per Annum
PROJECT PROFILE ON SOLAR ITEMS (SOLAR LED LANTERN, SOLAR LED STREET LIGHT, SOLAR CPL INVERTER AND SOLAR CFL STREET LIGHT)
Introduction
Market and Demand Aspects
Process of Manufacture
Plant capacity per annum
Quantity
Quality Control and Standards
Financial Aspects
Fixed Capital
Machinery and Equipments
Raw Material Required (per month)
PROJECT REPORT ON SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
Introduction
Manufacturing Process
Solar Arrays or Panels
Plant Economics
Basis
Land and Building
Plant and Machinery
Working capital requirement/month
Raw materials
Salary and wages/month
Utilities and overheads
Total capital investment
Turn over/annum
TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR ELECTRICAL PANELS
Introduction
Uses and Application
Useful details/process for solar electrical panels
Plant Economics
Land and Building
Plant and Machinery
Working Capital Requirement/Month
Raw Materials
Salary and wages/Month
Utilities and Overheads
Total Working Capital/Month
Total Capital Investment
Turn over/annum
SOLAR POWER PLANT
Introduction
Land & building
Plant & machinery
Working capital requirement/month
Raw Materials
Total capital investment
Turn over/annum
PROJECT REPORT ON PHOTO VOLTAIC PANEL PRODUCTION LINE 8 MW TO 30 MW
PV Modules
The PV Module Production Process
Work Time
The Components
Technical Data Require
Exclusion
Exclusion From Equipments
Fully Automatic Laminator
Specifications
Semi-automatic laminator
Financial Data
SOLAR POWER PACKS
Introduction
Technical Details & System Specifications
Load Calculation
Technical Details of Power Pack
Technical Details of Solar Panel
Technical Details of Battery bank
Technical Detqails of Charge Controller Unit
Technical Details of Inverter
Technical Details of Panel Mounting Structure & Accessories
Constructive Characteristics of Solar panel
Civil Work
Bill of Material
Financial Aspects
Project Cost
PROJECT REPORT ON GRID INTERACTIVE ROOF TOP SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT
Salient features
Location
Area for SPV Plant
SPV Power Plant
Technical details of a SPV Module
Mounting Arrangement
Inverter/Power Conditioning Unit (PCU)
Grid Connection Details
Annual Energy Generation
Introduction
Functional Description of SPV Power System
Inverter
Protection and Controls
Integration of PV Power with Grid
Metering Scheme
Power Quality requirements
DC Injection into the grid
Hamonics on AC side
Voltage Unbalance
Voltage Fluctuations
Communication Interface
Implementation of work
SOLAR PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY
Solar energy
Solar cookers
Solar dryers
Solar water heater
Solar photovoltaic systems
Briquetting of biomass and improved cook stove
Anaerobic digestion
Box type solar cooker
features
Specifications
Overall Dimensions
Uses
Double Reflector Box Type Solar Cooker
Features
Specifications
Overall Dimensions
Uses
Box Type Community Solar Cooker
Specifications
Uses
Solar Baking Unit
Features
Specifications
Overall Dimensions
Uses
Community Solar Cooker
Features
Specifications
Uses
Solar Parabolic Cooker
Features
Specifications
Uses
Domestic Solar Dryer
Features
Specifications
Uses
Portable Farm Solar Dryer
Features
Specifications
Forced Circulation Solar Dryer
Specifications
Natural Convection Solar Tunnel Dryer
Features
Specifications
Uses
Solar Cabinet Dryer
Features
Specifications
Uses
Packed Bed Solar Air heater
Features
Specifications
uses
Multi rack Variable Inclination Solar Dryer
Features
Specifications
Uses
Step Type Solar Cocoon Stifier
Features
Specifications
Uses
Low cost solar water heater
Features
Specifications
Uses
Solar Water heater
First Things First
Solar Water heater Basics
Types of Solar Water heaters
Active Systems
Open Loop Active Systems
Closed Loop Active Systems
Pumps in Active Systems
Passive Systems
Specifications
Uses
Solar Basin Still
Specifications
uses
Solar Photovoltaic Refrigerator
Features
Specifications
Uses
Solar lantern
Features
Specifications
Uses
Solar street light
Features
Specifications
Uses
Solar Pump
Features
Specifications
Uses
Solar Tracking Device
Features
Specifications
Uses
Electronic temperature controller
Features
Specifications
Uses
Bio Gas Plant
Features
Packed bed Solar Air heater
Features
TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR WATER HEATER
Introduction
Types of solar water heaters
Direct systems (open loop)
Photovoltaic operated systems
Indirect systems (closed loop)
Drainback systems
Thermosiphon systems
Integral collectors storage systems (Batch heaters)
New development systems
Solar boosting panel
Low flow systems
Benefits of solar water heaters
Flat plate collector
Covers
Absorbers
Insulation
Vents and Pipes
Main Components of Active Solar Water heating System
Materials for fabrication of an active solar water heater
Fabrication of the Active Solar Water heater
TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR COLLECTOR
Introduction
Types of solar collectors
Flat plate collectors
Liquid collectors
Air collectors
Evacuated tube collectors
Concentrating collectors
Materials for collector components
Absorber materials
Absorber coating
Glazing
Casing
Seals
Absorber insulaton
Materials for heat management and storage
Pipes and connection
Storage vessels
Control system
Freeze protection
Non aqueous solutions
Silicon fluids
Hydrocarbon oils
Aqueous solutions
Glycol water antifreeze
Distilled water
SOLAR COOLING TECHNOLOGY
Solar Electrical Cooling
Photovoltaic Devices
Solar Electric Cooling
Solar Thermal Cooling
Open Sorption Cycle Solar Cooling
Liquid Desiccant System
Solid Desiccant System
Desiccant Solar Cooling System
Closed Sorption Cycle
Solar Cooling
Absorption Cycle
Absorption Cycle Solar Cooling
Adsorption Cycle Solar Cooling
Energy Storage
Solar Radiation Cooling
Thermo Mechanical Solar Cooling
Steam Ejector Cycle
Solar Combined Power/Cooling
Comparison of Various Solar Cooling Technologies
Research Needs
SOLAR REFRIGERATION TECHNOLOGY
Introduction
Benefits of a solar powered refrigerator
Operation of the Refrigeration System
Technology Details
Optimizing the Performance of they system
Forms of Energy Transfer
Operating principles of the system
Absorption
Adsorption
SOLAR AMMONIA ABSORPTION REFRIGERATOR (SAAR)
Design Mission Statement
Project Design Concepts
Project Parameters
Market Research
Principles of Refrigeration
Four State Refrigeration Cycle
Primary Refrigeration Processes
Vapor Compression Systems
Continuous Absorption Systems
Intermittent Absorption Systems
Double Intermittent Absorption Systems
Refrigeration process Decision Matrix
Vapor Compression Systems
Continuous Absorption Systems
Intermittent Absorption Systems
Double Intermittent Absorption Systems
Absorption vs. Adsorption
Absorbent and Refrigerant Working Pairs
Water & Ammonia
Lithium Bromide & Water
Carbon & Methanol
Calcium Chloride & Ammonia
R-717 Ammonia NH3 CAS Number 7664-41-7 UN1005
Molecular Weight 17.03 g/mol
Critical point
Miscellaneous
Liquid phase
Gaseous phase
Material compatibility
Metals
Plastics
Calcium Chloride CaCl2
CaCl2 and NH3 Calculations
Adsorption/Generator Container
Adsorption/Generator Container Calculations
Solar Adsorption/Generator Interaction
Scheffler reflective heating
Fresnel Solar concentrator
Alternative heating
Natural Ambient Cool of Night
SOLAR DRYING TECHNOLOGY
Advantages of solar drying
Processes During Sun Drying
Processes during solar drying
Classification of solar Dryers
Passive solar dryers
Tent dryers
Box dryers
Seesaw dryer
Cabinet solar dryers
Active solar cabinet dryers
Active ventilated cabinet solar dryers
Cabinet dryers with backup heating
Natural convection dryer with additional biomass back up heater
Hybrid IAE type solarbiomass dryer
Greenhuse dryers
Natural convection greenhouse dryer
Greenhouse dryer with forced ventilation
Continuous production greenhouse drying
Tunnel dryers
In-house dryer
SOLAR DRYING TECHNOLOGY FOR FOOD
Introduction
The drying process
Drying Grains
Design variations
Solar dryer types
Active Dryers
Passive Dryers
Direct Dryers
Solar Dryer Applications
Equipment Materials Needed
Skilled needed to build operate and maintain
Cost/economics
Comparing the alternatives
Fossil fuel dryers versus solar dryers
Advantages of solar dryers
Disadvantages of solar dryers
SOLAR DISTILLATION TECHNOLOGIES
Introduction
Solar still
Methodoloty of solar distillation
Design
Design parameter
Climatic Parameters
Design Parameters
Operational Parameters
Working process
Advantages
Future scope
SOLAR ELECTRIC TRACTORS
Photovoltaics
Solar Panels
How solar powered Machines work
Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar Powered Electric tractors
Power Usage
Solar Powered Tractors used Today
TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR HOME SYSTEM
SHS electrical components
Solar Panel
Charge Controller
Battery
Loads
Balance of system components
SHS Design
Solar Resource
Solar panel sizing
Battery sizing
TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR DISH ENGINE
System Description
Concentrators
Receivers
Engines
Stirling Cycle
Brayton Cycle
Ancillary Equipment
Alternator
Cooling System
Controls
SOLAR NANO TECHNOLOGY
Introduction
Nanotechnology boosts solar cells performance
Escape route
Improving the Efficiency of Solar Cells by Using Semiconductor Quantum Dots (QD)
Nanotechnology improve the solar cell
Cost reduction by nano technology
Application of nanotechnology use solar cell
