SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

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Solid waste management is a term that is used to refer to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions for recycling items that do not belong to garbage or trash. As long as people have been living in settlements and residential areas, garbage or solid waste has been an issue. Waste management is all about how solid waste can be changed and used as a valuable resource.

Solid waste management should be embraced by each and every household, including the business owners across the world. The industrialization has brought a lot of good things and bad things as well. One of the adverse effects of industrialization is the creation of solid waste.

Solid-waste management, the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease—that is, diseases spread by rodents and insects.

The rubbish occupies much land. Garbage has taken in much precious soil resources and human’s living spaces, which has seriously affected the development and growing of agriculture and industry. Large amount of waste has not only destroyed plants rooted on the earth surface, but also influenced the beauty of natural environment, and also broken the ecological balance of nature.

Polluting the environment. Solid waste contains various kinds of harmful components, so if these wastes can’t be disposed in right methods, they will pollute soil, air and water, and even have a harmful influence on various organisms including human being.

Spreading disease. Waste has a large number of microorganisms that are the breeding ground of germs, viruses and pests. Thus it will seriously damage people’s healthy. The filtrate of waste can change the components and structure of soil, and the harmful components can damage people’s health through the food chain. Waste can destroy the structure and physical property of soil, which causes the decline of the soil fertile and moisture. It has toxic heavy metals such as pathogenic microorganism, organic pollutants.

Under the foundation of rainwater, these harmful components can seriously pollute underground water and surface water. In this case, it has largely affect the living of aquatic organisms and the use of water resources.

Solid waste with small size can be floated in the air under the foundation of wind, which can aggravate the air pollution. A large number of garbage are exposed to the open air can generate odor, spread disease.

Ash pollution. Living waste after burning will generate much carbon black, whose major component is ash. Carbon atom is quite important composing element of materials, which has large content. In the process of combustion, the polymer compounds will generate a reaction to become a small particle of carbon black material, and these materials will raises under the function of air ascending motion, float in the air and then fall to the ground.

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Description

INTRODUCTION
CATERORY OND SOURCE OF WASTE
VARIOUS SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE
1. RESIDENTIAL
2. INDUSTRIAL
3. COMMERCIAL
4. INSTITUTIONAL
5. CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION AREAS
6. MUNICIPAL SERVICES
7. TREATMENT PLANTS AND SITES
8. AGRICULTURE
OVERVIEW OF MUNICIPAL SOLID EWASTE MANAGEMENT
PRIMARY COLLECTION
A) PRIMARY COLLECTION
B) STORAGE – MINI TRANSFER STATION:
TRANSPORTATION
TREATMENT & DISPOSAL
A) TREATMENT
I. COMPOST PLANT
II. ORGANIC COM POSTER
III. BIO-CNG
B) DISPOSAL SYSTEM
LOCATION OF DISPOSAL SITE:
DHAPA
REMEDIATION PROJECT AT DHAPA
ONGOING PROJECT:
FUTURE PLAN
STATUS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
RAPIDLY INCREASING AREAS TO BE SERVED AND QUANTITY OF WASTE:
INADEQUATE RESOURCES:
INAPPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY:
DISPROPORTIONATELY HIGH COST OF MANPOWER:
SOCIETAL AND MANAGEMENT APATHY:
LOW EFFICIENCY OF THE SYSTEM:
SOURCE AND TYPES OF SOLID WASTE
TYPE AND QUANTITY OF WASTE
DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF SOLID WASTE INCLUDE:
INITIAL STEPS IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT IN MSW MANAGEMENT
SUBSIDIES:
FLEXIBILITY:
INCREASED EFFICIENCY:
BIOMETHANATION
THERE ARE SOME WELL-KNOWN EXAMPLES OF INSTALLATION OF MSW BASED BIOGAS PLANTS:
SOURCE SEGREGATION
DUTIES OF WASTE GENERATORS:-
1. EVERY WASTE GENERATOR SHALL-
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES:-
STORAGE OF SEGREGATED SOLID WASTE AT SOURCE:-
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES: –
DUTIES OF WASTE GENERATOR:-
MERITS OF BIOMETHANATION PROCESS
GENERALLY THE OVERALL PROCESS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO FOUR STAGES:
MSW USE IN BIOGAS PLANT
METHANOGENIC BACTERIA OR METHANOGENS:
TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF BIOGAS:
3.4.1 THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF BIOGAS
BIOLOGICAL UPGRADING OF BIOGAS
KEY COMPONENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT CAN BE DIVIDED INTO FIVE KEY COMPONENTS:
GENERATION
STORAGE
COLLECTION
TRANSPORTATION
DISPOSAL
METHOD OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
1) COMPOSTING
2) SANITISATION
3) PRE – SORTING
4) DECOMPOSITION OF SEGREGATED DEGRADABLE WASTE
5) THE WINDOWS OF FORMATION
6) WINDROWS PLATFORM
7) TURNING OF WINDROWS
8) EQUIPMENT
9) MOISTURE, TEMPERATURE AND AERATION
10) ADD ON MATERIAL
11) PREVENTION OF POLLUTION
12) ORGANIC MANURE
13) LEACHEAT GENERATION RUNS OFF
14) LAMINATED PLASTIC SHEETS
15) MONSOON SHED
16) PROCESSING OF THE DEGRADED ORGANIC MATTER
17) 35MM SCREEN
18) 14MM SCREEN
19) REJECTS
20) 6MM FINAL SCREEN
21) MATURITY/ CURING SHED
22) NO CRUSHING & GRINDING FINISHING
23) DE – STONING FACILITY
24) 6 MM REJECT
25) MIXING
26) PACKING:
27) FUEL PELLETS/ RDF: MOST IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF MSW
28) INNERTS PROCESSING
29) PLASTIC RECYCLING
30) LANDFILL
CURRENT TECHNOLOGY FOR MSW
LAND FILLING:
INCINERATION:
PYROLYSIS:
COMPOSTING:
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION:
SELECTION OF SUITABLE DIGESTION PROCESS:
DIGESTION MAY BE CONTINUOUS PROCESS OR BATCH PROCESS.
TECHNOLOGIES FOR BIOGAS PLANT:
THERE ARE THREE MAIN TECHNOLOGIES FOR BIOGAS PLANT. THESE ARE:
THE TECHNOLOGY SELECTION PROCESS DEPENDS ON SOME BASIC FACTORS. SUCH AS
PROCESS FOR MSW HANDLING
MSW PIT & GRAB OPERATIONS
PRE-PROCESSING SECTION
AIR DENSITY SEPARATOR
HAG & DRYER
OUTPUT FROM MSW
A. NON BIODEGRADABLE OR DRY FRACTIONS
1. RECYCLABLES COLLECTED FROM HOUSEHOLDS, COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS
2. CONSTRUCTION DEBRIS
B. BIO-DEGRADABLE FRACTIONS
CALCULATION FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM DRY WASTE
A. SEGREGATED FRACTION
B. NON- SEGREGATED FRACTION (MIXED)
TPD THE VARIOUS FRACTIONS PRESENT IN THE WASTE ARE AS PER BELOW TABLE
2. BIODEGRADABLE OR WET WASTE
THE BIODEGRADABLE WASTE IS COLLECTED IN 3 FORMS,
CALCULATION OF RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM BIO-DEGRADABLE FRACTION
STEPS FOR MSW MANAGEMENT PLANT:
SIMPLE PROCESS FLOW:
A. TIPPING FLOOR – DRY WASTE
B. DRY FEED HOPPER 1 WITH BAG OPENER
KINDS OF OBJECTS IN DIFFERENT COLORED BAGS
C. LAMELLA SCREEN
D. MANUAL SORTING STATION
E. BALER WITH WRAPPING UNIT
F. SHREDDER
G. CONTAINER STORAGE SYSTEM
DETAILS OF THE MRF TREATMENT UNITS
DRY WASTE FEED HOPPER-1 WITH BAG OPENER
CHAIN BELT BUNKER CONVEYOR WITH METERING DRUM
MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
B. LAMELLA SCREEN
THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
C. MANUAL SORTING STATION
D. DISPOSAL CHUTES:
E. EQUIPMENT FOR EACH HAND-PICKING WORK STATION:
THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF THE MANUAL SORTING STATION IS AS FOLLOWS:
F. IRON SEPARATOR
THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
G. BALER WITH FEED CONVEYOR AND WRAPPING UNIT
CHANNEL AUTOMATIC BALER
THE MATERIALS TO BE BALED INCLUDE:
THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
WRAPPING UNIT:
THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
H. SHREDDER
THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
I. CONVEYORS
CONVEYOR BELT AND ROLLERS:
MAINTENANCE:
DRIVEN SECTION:
TAIL SECTION:
CHAIN CONVEYOR
CHAIN BELT CONVEYOR
ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
NOISE
ECOLOGY OF THE AREA
GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
LAND USE
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
EQUIPMENT DETAILS
FEED HOPPER:
WASTE CONVEYOR:
TROMMEL SCREEN:
COMPOSTING TROMMEL SCREEN:
MAGNETIC SEPARATOR:
LAMELLA SCREEN
BALER
WET TROMMEL SCREEN:
ADDRESSES OF PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
MAGNETIC SEPARATOR
TROMMEL SCREEN:
SHREDDER MACHINE
LAMELLA SCREEN:
FEED HOPPER:

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

Additional information

Plant Capacity

100 MT/Day
Land & Building

(4000 sq.mt.)
Plant & Machinery

US$ 152857
Rate of Return

34%
Break Even Point

52%

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