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Natural blood glucose regulation
Glucose (C6H12O6) is a carbohydrate whose most important function is to act as a source of energy for the human body, by being the essential precursor in the synthesis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The energy stored in ATP can then be used to drive processes requiring energy, including biosynthesis, and locomotion or transportation of molecules across cell membranes. According to cellular requirements, glucose can also be used in the creation of proteins, glycogen, and lipids.
The blood glucose concentration is very tightly regulated. Human body has two hormones released by pancreas that have opposite effects: insulin and glucagon. Insulin is produced by beta cells of the pancreas while glucagon is produced by alpha cells. The release of insulin is triggered when high levels of glucose are found in the bloodstream, and glucagon is released with low levels of glucose in the blood.
This blood glucose regulation process can be explained in the following
Steps:
1. After the glucose has been absorbed from the food eaten, it gets released in the bloodstream. High blood glucose levels triggers the pancreas to produce insulin. Insulin enables the muscle cells to take glucose as their source of energy and to form a type of molecule called glycogen that works as secondary energy storage in the case of low levels of glucose. In the liver cells, insulin instigates the conversion of glucose into glycogen and fat. In the fat cells of the adipose tissue, insulin also promotes the conversion of glucose into more fat and the uptake of glucose.
2. The pancreas will continue to release insulin and liver and fat cells continue to use glucose till the drop of concentration of glucose is below a threshold; in that case, glucagon will be released instead of insulin.
3. When glucagon reaches the liver cells, it initiates the conversion of glycogen into glucose, and fat into fatty acids, which many body cells can use as energy after the glucagon enables them to. The cells will continue to burn fat from the adipose tissue as an energy source, and follow with the protein of the muscles, until the levels of glucose increase again by the digestion of food, and that terminates the cycle.
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by high or low blood glucose levels, which results from the pancreas not working properly and not producing enough insulin or when the body cells do not respond to it in the correct way.
There are three types of diabetes:
1. Type 1 diabetes is also known as juvenile diabetes because it is typically diagnosed in children and young adults. In this type of diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. 5% of the population with diabetes has this type of illness.
2. Type 2 diabetes is the result of the body not producing enough insulin or the cells not using insulin properly. This is the most common form of diabetes. 90% of the population with diabetes has this type. Some of the risk factors are physical inactivity, excess body weight, genetics, age greater than 45 years, and ethnicity.
3. Gestational diabetes is high blood glucose levels first diagnosed during pregnancy. This does not mean that the woman will have diabetes after she gives birth or that she had it before she conceived, but it is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in the future.
Every year millions of people worldwide suffer from diabetes. Diabetes is a condition in which the level of blood glucose or sugar increases. A high level of blood glucose in the body can have negative impacts on the human body. The patients may have to face kidney, eye, heart, or dental-related diseases.
Thus, they need to maintain their blood glucose all the time. So, venipuncture may not be possible all the time. Instead of that, a new technology known as a glucose meter (glucometer) has been developed to track the level of blood glucose all the time. Here we will be talking about some of the features, costs, and contact lists to purchase the blood glucometer for you. Besides that, we will also talk about the Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) system
A glucose meter (or glucometer) is used to measure the amount of glucose in your blood. It’s a portable medical device that tests your blood through a fingerstick sample. The kit contains a battery-operated digital meter, lancets (small needles), a lancet device that adjusts the depth of the fingerstick depending on skin thickness, test strips, control solution and tracking software or a blood glucose logbook. The test strips are impregnated with a glucose-specific enzyme that reacts to the blood sample. Using electrochemical technology, the device reads the strip.
Glucose is a sugar that our bodies use as an energy source. If you have diabetes, your body has difficulty with glucose regulation. Keeping glucose levels within range is important for diabetic. It not only helps improve energy and mood, but also helps prevent serious health problems like vision loss, kidney disease, cardiovascular disorders and early death. A glucometer can help you achieve your blood sugar goals with better adherence to your medication.
Having a glucometer is beneficial for people with diabetes types 1 and 2 or gestational diabetes (during pregnancy). Tracking your blood sugar levels helps you to understand the importance of how diet and exercise affects your glucose levels, and it also helps your doctor adjust your individualized treatment plan.
Glucometer
A glucometer is a handheld device that is used to measure blood glucose levels. Nowadays the approximate range of blood samples that are needed for the measurement, ranges from around 0.5 µl to 3.0 µl.
Different companies have developed different kinds of glucometers. So, there is a minor variation in the size and features. The general parts of the device include the display unit, power supply unit (battery), test strips port, memory unit, measurement unit, and control buttons.
Glucose Test Strip
Generally, glucose test strip is coated with an enzyme such as glucose oxidase. The oxidase is capable of catalyzing the oxidation reaction of blood glucose to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is an indicator that changes its color during the process of oxidation. In other words, the intensity of the color formation is directly proportional to the intensity of the blood glucose level.
The test strip should not be exposed to an outer environment for a long period of time. Else, the moisture and the sunlight will ruin its chemical composition. Thus, the accuracy of the measurement of glucose will decrease.
The test strips are designed for single use. Also, before you use the test strip, you need to see its life span. Generally, the life span of the strips is about six months. Each company provides you with its own test strips. So, using the test strip of any other company can give you an incorrect result.
Lancing Device
The lancing device consists of the disposable lancet in it. The lancet is used for drawing out the blood.
