SULPHATE OF POTASH

Potassium sulfate (K2SO4) (in British English potassium sulphate, also called sulphate of potash, arcanite, or archaically known as potash of sulfur) is a non-flammable white crystalline salt which is soluble in water. The chemical compound is commonly used in fertilizers, providing both potassium and sulfur.
When potassium sulfate is heated in water and subjected to swirling in a beaker, the crystals form a multi-arm spiral tructure when allowed to settle. Potassium sulfate could be used to study spiral structures in the laboratory.
Two crystalline forms are known. Orthorhombic ß-K2SO4 is the common form, but it converts to a-K2SO4 above 583°C. These structures are complex, although the sulfate adopts the typical tetrahedral geometry.
It does not form a hydrate, unlike sodium sulfate. The salt crystallize as double six-sided pyramids, classified as rhombic. They are transparent, very hard and have a bitter, salty taste. The salt is soluble in water, but insoluble in solutions of potassium hydroxide (sp. gr. 1.35), or in absolute ethanol.
The dominant use of potassium sulfate is as a fertilizer. K2SO4 does not contain chloride, which can be harmful to some crops. Potassium sulfate is preferred for these crops, which include tobacco and some fruits and vegetables. Crops that are less sensitive may still require potassium sulfate for optimal growth if the soil accumulates chloride from irrigation water.
The crude salt is also used occasionally in the manufacture of glass. Potassium sulfate is also used as a flash reducer in artillery propellant charges. It reduces muzzle flash, flareback and blast overpressure.
It is sometimes used as an alternative blast media similar to soda in soda blasting as it is harder and similarly water-soluble.
Potassium sulfate (K2SO4) mineral name arcanite forms colorless, no hygroscopic crystal. It occasionally occurs in nature in the pure state in salt deposit, but is more widely found in the form of mineral double salts in  combination  with sulfates of calcium, magnesium, and sodium.
Potassium sulfate is after potassium chloride the most important potassium containing fertilizer being used mainly for special crops. Potassium sulfate constitutes 5%  of  the  world demand for potash fertilizer.
Prior to 1939, the German potash industry  was  the  chief source of potassium sulfate for American chemical and  fertilizer industries, although considerable tonnages were being produced in this  country  by  the  interaction  of potassium chloride and sulfuric acid as a side product of salt-cake  manufacture.  With the termination of European imports, the production of the salt was undertaken on a larger scale by the American Potash and Chemical Corp.  through the interaction of burkeite  (Na2CO3 2Na2SO4)  with  potassium  chloride  followed  in  turn  by   the successful  recovery  of  this  salt  from  langbeinite  by   the International  Minerals  and Chemical Corp. In  agricultural  use potassium  sulfate  is  preferred for the  tobacco  crop  of  the Southeast and the citrus crop of Southern California.

INTRODUCTION
USES & APPLICATIONS
OURDOOR APPLICATION OF WPC
RAW MATERIALS
POLYMERS
WOOD
ADDITIVES
ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF WPC
ADVANCE MATERIALS FOR WPC
WOOD MODIFICATION
ADDITIVES
PROFILES
ASPECT OF WPC DURABILITY
STRUCTURAL
WEATHERING STUDIES
FIGURE  POLYETHYLENE (PE) – BASED COMPOSITE
DIFFERENT PROCESSES FOR WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES
EXTRUSION PROCESSING
SINGLE-SCREW EXTRUDER
COUNTER-ROTATING TWIN-SCREW EXTRUSION
COMPOSITE SYSTEM
WOOD RUDER
MISCELLANEOUS POST-EXTRUDER UNIT OPERATIONS
WPC MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES
WPC REPROCESSING
WPC NEW MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENTAL STAGES
PILOT EXPERIMENTATIONS
PREREQUISITE STAGE
STAGE 1
STAGE 2
STAGE 3
PROCESSES EXPERIMENTAL SETTINGS
FIG. ILLUSTRATIVE PROCESS FLOW CHART OF WPC MANUFACTURING
COMPONENTS OF WPC
MATRIX COMPONENT
THERMOSETS
THERMOPLASTICS
WOOD COMPONENT
WOOD SPECIES
WOOD PARTICLE SIZE
MARKET SURVEY
MARKET SHARE
QUALITY OF WPC IN INDIA
DESPITE BEING A PLASTIC COMPOSITE, WHY IS WPC CALLED
A GREEN MATERIAL?
FUTURE OF WPC IN INDIA
MARKET SURVEY (GLOBAL)
NEW MARKET- WPC
FENCING FUTURE
THREAT FROM THE EAST?
FEWER, BIGGER PLAYERS
ADDITIVES CREATE RECIPE FOR GROWTH SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF WPCS, CELLULOSICS, PLASTIC
LUMBER, AND NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES, 2008-2016 (METRIC TONS)
EXPORT OF WPC FROM INDIA
DETAILED IMPORT DATA
OF WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF
WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE BOARDS LINE
FORMULATION OF WPC BOARD
COMBINATION OF WPC BOARD
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF WPC BOARD
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM OF WPC BOARD
PRODUCTION OF WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE
TECHNICAL DETAILS OF WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES
THE ROLE OF RESINS:-
VARIATION IN PLASTIC FEEDSTOCK:-
PROCESSING CONSIDERATION
OF WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES
MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE
THE WPC MANUFACTURING PROCESS
WITH EXTRUSION FORMING
DETAILS OF RAW MATERIALS
TABLE 2.0: FUNCTIONS OF ADDITIVES USED IN THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD-POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES*
TECHNICAL DETAILS OF PVC WPC FOAM BOARD LINE
TECHNICAL/TURNKEY CONSULTANT FOR SETTINGUP WPC PLANT
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES (IMPORTED)
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES (INDIAN)
MANUFACTURERS/SUPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY
EXTRUDERS
PRESSING MACHINE
COOLING TOWERS
BOILER
GENERATOR SET (D.G. SET)
MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
WOOD FLOUR
PLASTIC POLYMERS
COUPLING AGENT
ADDITIVES

APPENDIX – A:

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET