SYNTHETIC CAMPHOR MANUFACTURING (EXTRACTING TURPENTINE FROM PINE WOOD, EXTRACTING ALPHA, PINENE FROM TURPENTINE, EXTRACTING ISO BORNEOL FROM ALPHA PINENE, EXTRACTING CAMPHOR FROM ISO BORNEOL)

Camphor (/kaemfer/) is a waxy, flammable, white or transparent solid with a strong aroma. It is a terpenoid with the chemical formula C10H16O. It is found in the wood of the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), a large evergreen tree found in Asia (particularly in Sumatra, Indonesia and Borneo) and also of the unrelated kapur tree, a tall timber tree from the same region. It also occurs in some other related trees in the laurel family, notably Ocotea usambarensis. The oil in rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis), in the mint family,
contains 10 to 20% camphor, while camphorweed (Heterotheca) only contains some 5%. Camphor can also be synthetically produced from oil of turpentine. It is used for its scent, as an ingredient in cooking (mainly in India), as an embalming fluid, for medicinal purposes, and in religious ceremonies. A major source of camphor in Asia is camphor basil (the parent of African blue basil).

The molecule has two possible enantiomers as shown in the structural diagrams. The structure on the left is the naturally occurring (R)-form, while its mirror image shown on the right is the (S)-form.
Nor camphor is a camphor derivative with the three methyl groups replaced by hydrogen.
The word camphor derives from the French word camphre, itself from Medieval Latin camfora, from Arabic kafur, ultimately from Sanskrit, / karpūram. Camphor was well known in ancient India during the Vedic period. In Old Malay it is known as kapur Barus, which means “the chalk of Barus”. Barus was the name of an ancient port located near modern Sibolga city on the western coast of Sumatra island. This port traded in camphor extracted from laurel trees (Cinnamonum camphora) that were abundant in the region. Even now, the local tribespeople and Indonesians in general refer to aromatic naphthalene balls and moth balls as kapur Barus.

INTRODUCTION
USES & APPLICATIONS
PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS OF CAMPHOR
PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERMEDIATE COMPOUNDS
DESCRIPTION AND USE OF TURPENTINE
PLANT SOURCES
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
MARKET SURVEY
PROCESS OUTLINE FOR SYNTHETIC CAMPHOR MANUFACTURING
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SYNTHETIC CAMPHOR
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR MANUFACTURE OF SYNTHETIC
CAMPHOR FROM TURPENTINE OIL
SYNTHETIC CAMPHOR FLOW DIAGRAM
METHOD OF EXTRACTION TURPENTINE FROM PINE WOOD
EXTRACTION OF ISO-BORNEOL FROM ALPHA PINENE
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
EXTRACTION OF CAMPHOR FROM ISOBORNEOL
CAMPHOR IN ROUND SHARE (BALL’S SHAPE)
PROCESS OF TURPENTINE OIL FROM CRUDE RESIN (OLEORESIN OR PITCH OBTAINED FROM LIVING PINE TREE)
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TURPENTINE OIL
PURIFICATION OF TURPENTINE OIL
METHOD FOR EXTRACTING ALPHAPINENE IN THE TURPENTINE
DISTILLATION PROCESS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF BORNEOLS AND CAMPHENE
BIOSYNTHESIS OF PINENE OF CAMPHOR
METHOD OF SEPARATING TURPENES
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
PLANT LAYOUT
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY

APPENDIX – A:

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET