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Technology Of Carbonated Drinks And Non-Carbonated Beverages With Formulations (A Complete Technology Book On Non-Alcoholic Beverages)

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The book covers  Processing of Fruit and Juice with their Types, Basics and Harvesting, Squashes Technology from Papaya, Banana and Carrot, Processing Technology of Fruit Processing and Juice Making Units,  Carbonated Soft Drinks , Acidulants,  Carbonated Drinks Manufacturing  Formula and Composition, Coca-Cola Type Formula,  Orange Drink, Soft Drinks Manufacture (Sunkist), Sierra Mist Lemon Lime Flavoured Drink,  Non-alcoholic beverage from sweet potato (lpomoea batatas L), Non-alcoholic Beverage made of Residues from King Palm,  Low Alcoholic Self carbobated Fermented Beverage,  Non carbonated Beverages, Flavors used in Non carbonated Beverages,  Microbiological Spoilage,  Syrup Preparation and Syrup Room Operations,  Filling Technology using Carbon Dioxide and Carbonation, Modern Filling Systems for Carbonated Soft Drinks, Can filling , Production Systems, Plant Economics of Carbonated Beverages,  Plant Economics of Cold/Soft Drinks, Plant Economics of Essence for Food,  Plant Economics of Flavours Manufacturings, Plant Economics of Fruit Juice in Tetrapack, Plant Economics of Jam, Jellies, Fruit Juice and Allied Products,  Plant Economics of Lemon Squash, Lime Squash, Lime Cordial,  Plant Economics of Liquid Flavours to Powder Form, Plant Economics of Packaged Drinking Water, Plant Economics of Orange Juice, Plant Economics of Soft Drink Concentrate,  Plant Economics of Soft Drinks (Non-Carbonated), Plant Economics of Squashes (Liquid & Powder).

Description

PROCESSING OF FRUIT  AND JUICE WITH THEIR TYPES, BASICS AND HARVESTING
  • Fruit types
  • The structure of the soft fruits
  • Apple (ripe fruit)
  • A typical stone fruit or drupe, e.g. the damson (Prunus) and structure of a ripe apple (Malus)
  • The basics of plant reproduction and fruit formation
  • Component parts of a typical citrus fruit
  • Respiration climacteric
  • Fruit types for processing
  • Details on fruit juice processing
  • Use  of centrifuges in processing
  • Clarifying decanter (horizontal scroll centrifuge)
  • Horizontal rotary press, Universal Fruit Press HP5000
  • Enzymes in fruit juice processing
  • Self cleaning clarifier
  • Extraction Process of citrus juices
  • Juice concentration by evaporation Method
  • Range of product concentrations technically attainable from depectinised juices
  • Flow diagram of the fruit juice concentration process
  • Volatile components
  • Rising film evaporator
  • Spinning cone column
  • Spinning cone column
  • Composition of fruit juice volatiles
  • Quality issues
  • Absolute requirements
  • Other quality considerations
SQUASHES TECHNOLOGY FROM PAPAYA, BANANA AND CARROT
  • Formulations of the squashes
PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY OF FRUIT PROCESSING  AND JUICE MAKING UNITS
  • Fruit and Vegetables as Raw Materials
  • Structure of the grape
  • Section through the grape
  • qanatomy of apple tissue
  • Fruit and vegetable juice
  • Manufacturing Process of Fruit and Berry Juices
  • Eccentric screw pump with force feed and connected macerator
  • GEA Westfalia Separator frupex line
  • Grape juice Process
  • Making date syrup
  • Processing dates/plums into juice
  • Description of line
  • Manufacturing Process for making dried plums into juice
  • Process for making cherries into juice
  • Process for making blackcurrent juice
  • Currants and strawberries as examples of berry fruits
  • Manufacture of puree
  • Tropical Fruits
  • Production diagram for making juice and purees from apricots
  • Mill juice production
  • Production of Vegetable juices
  • Process for making clear banana juice
  • Production diagram for producing juice from pomegranates
  • Pomace from decanter
  • Producing beetroot juice
  • Process for producing carrot juice
  • Process for making vegetable pulp concentrate
CARBONATED SOFT DRINKS 
  • Process and formulation of carbonated soft drinks
  • Water treatment
  • Water impurities and their effect
  • Diagram of a water treatment  process using rapid coagulation
ACIDULANTS
  • Citric acid
  • Acidulants used in beverage formulations
  • Tartaric acid
  • Palate acidity equivalents
  • Phosphoric acid
  • Lactic acid
  • Acetic acid
  • Malic acid
  • Fumaric acid
  • Ascorbic acid
  • Flavourings
  • Water miscible flavourings
  • Example of a water miscible flavouring peach
  • Colours
  • Cloud and flavour emulsions
  • Preservatives
  • Artificial (synthetic) colours permitted in soft drinks to a maximum level of 100 mg/1
  • Permitted food colourings derived from natural sources (EU Directive 94/36/EC)
  • Preservatives and their salts
CARBONATED DRINKS MANUFACTURING FORMULA AND COMPOSITION 
  • Sprite Type
  • Fenda Type
  • Cola Typa
  • Taste Orange
  • Litchy Type
  • Strawberry Type
  • Ingredient formulae for flavourings used in the notional pine apple and grapefruit crush (litres)
COCA-COLA TYPE FORMULA
  • Ingredients
  • History
  • Purported secret recipes
  • Merory recipe
  • Beal/This American Life recipe
ORANGE DRINK
  • Ingredients in Kool Aid and Tang orange  flavored drink mixes, in order of decreasing quantity
  • Object
  • Nutritional values of Kool-Aid and Tang Vitamin and mineral values are reported as percent daily values based on a 2,000 calorie diet
  • Ingredients and quantities used to prepare 8 ounces (250 ml) or orange flavored drink
  • Materials Needed
SOFT DRINKS MANUFACTURE (SUNKIST)
  • Ingredients
SIERRA MIST LEMON LIME FLAVOURED DRINK
  • Composition
NON ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE FROM SWEET POTATO (LPOMOEA BATATAS L.)
  • Materials and methods
  • Results and Discussion
  • Characteristics of sweet potato non alcoholic beverage
  • Mean Score for sensory evaluation of beverage samples
NON ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE MADE OF RESIDUES FROM KING PALM
  • Materials and methods
  • Centesimal composition and minerals in king palm leaf sheath juice
  • Centesimal composition
  • Minerals
  • Results and discussion
  • Phenolic compounds in juice from leaf sheath of king palm
  • Overall acceptability and frequency of consumption for two formulations  of non alcoholic beverage from frozen king palm leaf sheath juice
LOW ALCOHOLIC SELF CARBONATED FERMENTED BEVERAGE 
  • Low Alcoholic Self carbonated Fermented Beverage
  • Material and Methods
  • Results and Discussion
  • Percentage homology of yeast isolate based on nucleotride sequence
  • Effect of blending  on sensory scores of low alcoholic self carbonated beverage
  • Effect of storage on physico chemical characteristic of low alcoholic self carbonated carrot lemon (3.1) beverage
NON-CARBONATED BEVERAGES
  • Dilutable beverages 1964 UK reserved descriptions for dilutable fruit drinks
  • Principal ingredients of dilutable soft drinks
  • Fruit components
  • Typical concentrated juices and comminutes for manufacturing dilutable drinks
  • Simplified outline process for citrus comminute production
  • Carbohydrates
  • Comparison of degrees Brix, degrees Baume and physical characteristics of carbohydrate syrups
  • Comparison of carbohydrate sweeteners
  • Comparison of intense sweeteners
  • Other ingredients
  • Preservative levels
  • Convenient conversions for preservative materials
  • Manufacturing operations
  • Process for manufacture of dilutables
  • Pasteurisation
  • Homogenisation
  • Filling and packaging
  • Product range
  • Ready to drink non carbonated products
  • Formulations
  • Special problems
  • Manufacturing and packing
  • Packaging types
  • Fruit juices and nectars
  • Normal manufacturing and packing processes for  aseptic and non aseptic products
  • Flash pasteurisation
  • In-packi pasteurisation
  • Hot filling
  • High pressure pasteurisation
  • Packaging
  • Cans
  • Bulk packs
FLAVORS USED IN NON CARBONATED BEVERAGES
  • Tea
  • Chlorogenic acid and its analogues
  • Coffee
  • Citrus and Citrus Derived Beverages
  • Flavonoid glycoside, Rutin
  • Other Fruit Based Beverages
  • Key sulfur volatiles in fruits
  • S-sinapyl glutathione peptide from pine apple
  • Miscellaneous
  • Key Non volatile constituents of Energy  Drinks
  • Resveratrol structure
MICROBIOLOGICAL SPOILAGE 
  • Bottled waters
  • Examples of identified microrganisms isolated from bottled waters
  • Control of contaminations
  • Carbonation
  • Soft drinkis and alcoholic beverages
  • manufacture of soft drinks
  • Categories and typical properties of soft drinks
  • Soft drink manufacturing processes
  • Ingredients and manufacture of alcoholic beverages
  • Examples of alcoholic beverages produced in a brewery environment
  • Blended products not involving a yeast  fermentation
  • Traditional type  ciders
  • Spoilage microbes in soft drinks
  • Yeasts and soft drink spoilage
  • Examples of metabolities and quality changes associated with common spoilage microbes
  • Examples of yeast species found in soft drink factory environments
SYRUP PREPARATION AND SYRUP ROOM OPERATIONS 
  • Poor pipe joint
  • Syrup composition
  • Syrup rooms and proportioning systems
  • Mojonnier system
  • The modern syrup room
  • Volumetric flow meter system
  • Mass flow meter skid
  • Continuous blending system
  • Valve matrix
  • Pigging system schematic
  • Instrumentation
  • Sugar
  • Tanker unloading bulk sugar
  • Sugar dissolving system
  • Pre mixes
  • Pasteurisation
  • Tunnel pasteuriser
  • Convection flow in a can during tunnel pasteurisation
  • Time temperature graph for a tunnel pasteuriser
  • CIP system schematic
  • Syrup room building design
  • Schematic of a syrup mixer and carbonator
  • Future developments
  • Flash pasteuriser exploded drawing
FILLING TECHNOLOGY USING CARBON DIOXIDE AND CARBONATION
  • Carbonated bubble
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Carbon dioxide phase diagram
  • Production of carton dioxide
  • Fermentation
  • Various carbon dioxide production systems
  • Typical carbon dioxide fermentation recovery system
  • Carbon dioxide production by flue gas recovery
  • Membrane CO2 recovery system
  • Commodity specification for carbon dioxide
  • Possible trace impurities by source type (excluding air, gases and water)
  • Carbon dioxide delivery schematic
  • Carbonation
  • Refrigerated carbonation system
  • Carbonation systems
  • Typical carbonation system
  • Simple in line caronator
  • Bubble growth
  • Principles of gravity filling
  • Gravity filling cycle
  • Couner pressure filling cycle diagram
  • Bottle evacuation
  • Counter pressure filling cycle
  • Infeed worm & starwheel
  • Filler bowl level control
MODERN FILLING SYSTEMS FOR CARBONATED SOFT DRINKS
  • De-aerator & carbonator
  • Carbon dioxide solubility in water
  • Krones VKPV-CF counter pressure filler
  • Level filling
  • Mechanically operated valve
  • Mechanical filling valve with pneumatic control
  • Filling valve pneumatically actuated with level probe
  • Glass bottle filling
  • Decelerating bottle stop
  • Bottle transfer in filler
  • Bottle lifters
  • CO2 flushing
  • PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottle filling
  • Full PET bottle conveying
  • Bottles on the filler carousel sealed against centring bel
  • Two views of air veying empty PET bottles
  • Emply PET bottle transfer into the filler
  • Filler carousel
  • Neck lifts
CAN FILLING 
  • The volumetric can (VOC) filler
  • Filler bowl level control
  • System expansion the VOC-C can filler
  • Product level and pressure control system in a freestanding product tank
  • Filling
  • Snifting
  • Recharging the metering chamber
  • CIP cleaning
  • CIP cleaning phase All areas that could be in contact with product are cleaned with a continuous flow during the CIP cycle
PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
  • Philosophy of line layouts
  • Glass bottle filling lines
  • Accumulating conveyor designs
  • Structure of a typical PET bottle compact filling line
  • Typical returnable glass production line schematic
  • Robot palletiser
  • Empty bottle inspection principles
  • Bottle jetting action by rotating cross flow spray nozzles
  • Can filling lines
  • typical can line
  • PET bottle filling lines
PLANT ECONOMICS OF CARBONATED BEVERAGES 
  • Plant & Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF COLD/SOFT DRINKS
  • Plant & Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF ESSENCE FOR FOOD 
  • Plant & Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF FLAVOURS MANUFACTURINGS 
  • Plant & Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF FRUIT JUICE IN TETRAPACK
  • Plant & Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF JAM, JELLIES, FRUIT JUICE AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
  • Plant & Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF LEMON SQUASH, LIME SQUASH, LIME CORDIAL
  • Plant & Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF LIQUID FLAVOURS TO POWDER FORM
  • Plant & Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF PACKAGED DRINKING WATER 
  • Plant & Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF ORANGE JUICE 
  • Plant & Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF SOFT DRINK CONCENTRATE 
  • Plant & Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF SOFT DRINKS (NON-CARBONATED)
  • Plant & Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum
PLANT ECONOMICS OF SQUASHES (LIQUID & POWDER)
  • Plant & Machinery
  • Fixed Capital
  • Raw Materials
  • Total Working Capital/Month
  • Total Capital Investment
  • Turn Over/Annum